The blessing of the “year without summer”: Climatic and socioeconomic impact of the Krakatoa eruption (1883) in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula
Corresponding Author
Salvador Gil-Guirado
Department of Geography, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Interuniversity Institute of Geography, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
Correspondence
Salvador Gil-Guirado, Department of Geography, University of Murcia, 30001 Murcia, Spain.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJorge Olcina-Cantos
Interuniversity Institute of Geography, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorAlfredo Pérez-Morales
Department of Geography, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Salvador Gil-Guirado
Department of Geography, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Interuniversity Institute of Geography, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
Correspondence
Salvador Gil-Guirado, Department of Geography, University of Murcia, 30001 Murcia, Spain.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJorge Olcina-Cantos
Interuniversity Institute of Geography, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorAlfredo Pérez-Morales
Department of Geography, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Grant/Award Numbers: CGL 2016-75996-R, IJCI- 2016-29016
Abstract
In the current context of climate change–induced warming, interest in analysing the impact of volcanic eruptions on the climate has renewed. The main conclusions from related papers indicate that volcanic eruptions alter the terrestrial radiative balance and cause cooling in the years after an eruption: known as “years without summer.” These episodes of cyclical cooling have been related to negative socio-economic impacts (such as crop reduction, famine, and social unrest). However, the effect on precipitation has been studied less. Detailed studies on the economic impact of large eruptions are scarce, especially for historical eruptions. This study analysed the effects of the 1883 Krakatoa eruption on temperature and precipitation in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula and related economic and social effects. It was concluded that this eruption incited a significant decrease in maximum temperatures and stability, an increase in minimum temperatures, a decrease in average temperatures, and a significant increase in rainfall. This climatic context produced a decrease in cereal prices and a reduction in climatic risks (droughts and frosts). Therefore, the effects of the eruption of Krakatoa improved socioeconomic conditions in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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