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Hypertrophy with unilateral resistance exercise occurs without increases in endogenous anabolic hormone concentration

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Abstract

We aimed to gain insight into the role that the transitory increases in anabolic hormones play in muscle hypertrophy with unilateral resistance training. Ten healthy young male subjects (21.8 ± 0.4 years, 1.78 ± 0.04 m, 75.6 ± 2.9 kg; mean ± SE) engaged in unilateral resistance training for 8 week (3 days/week). Exercises were knee extension and leg press performed at 80–90% of the subject’s single repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were collected in the acute period before and after the first training bout and following the last training bout and analyzed for total testosterone, free-testosterone, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, growth hormone, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Thigh muscle cross sectional area (CSA) and muscle fibre CSA by biopsy (vastus lateralis) were measured pre- and post-training. Acutely, no changes in systemic hormone concentrations were observed in the 90 min period following exercise and there was no influence of training on these results. Training-induced increases were observed in type IIx and IIa muscle fibre CSA of 22 ± 3 and 13 ± 2% (both P < 0.001). No changes were observed in fibre CSA in the untrained leg (all P > 0.5). Whole muscle CSA increased by 5.4 ± 0.9% in the trained leg (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged in the untrained leg (P = 0.76). Isotonic 1RM increased in the trained leg for leg press and for knee extension (P < 0.001). No changes were seen in the untrained leg. In conclusion, unilateral training induced local muscle hypertrophy only in the exercised limb, which occurred in the absence of changes in systemic hormones that ostensibly play a role in muscle hypertrophy.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. SBW is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Canada Graduate Scholarship holder. SMP and MAT are Premier’s Research Excellence Award (ON) holders and acknowledge that funding. SMP is a CIHR New Investigator award recipient.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1

    Sarah B. Wilkinson, Emily J. Grant, Caroline E. Correia & Stuart M. Phillips

  2. Pediatrics and Neurology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Mark A. Tarnopolsky

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  1. Sarah B. Wilkinson
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  2. Mark A. Tarnopolsky
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  3. Emily J. Grant
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  4. Caroline E. Correia
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  5. Stuart M. Phillips
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Correspondence to Stuart M. Phillips.

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Wilkinson, S.B., Tarnopolsky, M.A., Grant, E.J. et al. Hypertrophy with unilateral resistance exercise occurs without increases in endogenous anabolic hormone concentration. Eur J Appl Physiol 98, 546–555 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0300-z

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