Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Self Theory and Emotions

  • Chapter
Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions

Part of the book series: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research ((HSSR))

Abstract

There are few, if any, subjects in social psychology that do not implicate the reciprocal relationships between self and emotion (Kaplan 1986). This is all the more so when considering the sociology of emotions and the social psychology of self (Stryker 2004). In fact, it might be argued that the social psychology of self is a useful framework for organizing the theoretical and empirical literatures that compose the sociology of the emotions.

This work was supported by research grants R01 DA 02497 and R01 DA 10016 and by a Career Scientist award (K05 DA 00136) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Arieti, Silvano. 1967. “Some Elements of Cognitive Psychiatry.” American Journal of Psychotherapy 124: 723–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkin, Robert M. 1981. “Self-Presentation Styles.” Pp. 311–333 in Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research, edited by J. T. Tedeschi. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, Elliot. 1969. “The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance: A Current Perspective.” Pp. 1–34 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, edited by L. Berkowitz. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, Lisa Feldman. 1996. “Hedonic Tone, Perceived Arousal, and Item Desirability: Three Components of Self-Reported Mood.” Cognition and Emotion 10: 47–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, Roy F. 1993. “Understanding the Inner Nature of Low Self-Esteem: Uncertain, Fragile, Protective, and Conflicted.” Pp. 201–218 in Self-Esteem: The Puzzle of Low Self-Regard, edited by R. F. Baumeister. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1997. Evil. Inside Human Violence and Cruelty. New York: W. H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, Roy F., Karen Dale, and Kristin L. Sommer. 1998. “Freudian Defense Mechanisms and Empirical Findings in Modern Social Psychology: Reaction Formation, Projection, Displacement, Undoing, Isolation, Sublimation, and Denial.” Journal of Personality 66: 1081–1124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, Roy F., Laura Smart, and Joseph M. Boden. 1996. “Relation of Threatened Egotism to Violence and Aggression: The Dark Side of High Self-Esteem.” Psychological Review 103: 5–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentler, Peter M. 1987. “Drug Use and Personality in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Structural Models with Nonnormal Variables.” Child Development 58: 65–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bizman, Aharon, Yoel Yinon, and Sharon Krotman. 2001. “Group-Based Emotional Distress: An Extension of Self-Discrepancy Theory.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27: 1291–1300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blagov, Pavel S., and Jefferson A. Singer. 2004. “Four Dimensions of Self-Defining Memories (Specificity, Meaning, Content, and Affect) and Their Relationships to Self-Restraint, Distress, and Repressive Defensiveness.” Journal of Personality 72: 481–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blatt, Sidney J., and Susan A. Bers. 1993. “The Sense of Self in Depression: A Psychodynamic Perspective.” Pp. 171–210 in The Self in Emotional Distress: Cognitive and Psychodynamic Perspectives, edited by Z. V. Segal and S. J. Blatt. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boldero, Jennifer, and Jill Francis. 2000. “The Relation between Self-Discrepancies and Emotion: The Moderating Roles of Self-Guide Importance, Location Relevance, and Social Self-Domain Centrality.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 78: 38–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourne, Peter G., William M. Coli, and William E. Datel. 1968. “Affect Levels of Special Forces Soldiers under Threat of Attack.” Psychological Reports 22: 363–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, Jonathon D., and Margaret A. Marshall. 2001. “Self-Esteem and Emotion: Some Thoughts about Feelings.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27: 575–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley, Katherine E., Rachel E. Winkel, and Mark R. Leary. 2004. “Reactions to Acceptance and Rejection: Effects of Level and Sequence of Relational Evaluation.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40: 14–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, Peter J. 1991. “Identity Processes and Social Stress.” American Sociological Review 56: 836–849.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1996. “Social Identities and Psychosocial Stress.” Pp. 141–174 in Psychosocial Stress: Perspectives on Structure, Theory, Life Course, and Methods, edited by H. B. Kaplan. Orlando, FL: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, Peter J., and Jan E. Stets. 1999. “Trust and Commitment through Self-Verification.” Social Psychology Quarterly 62: 347–360.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bushman, Brad J., and Roy F. Baumeister. 1998. “Threatened Egotism, Narcissism, Self-Esteem and Direct and Displaced Aggression: Does Self-Love or Self-Hate Lead to Violence?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75: 219–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor, Nancy, and John F. Kihlstrom. 1986. Personality and Social Intelligence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsmith, J. Merrill, Mark R. Lepper, and Thomas Landauer. 1974. “Children’s Obedience to Adult Requests: Interactive Effects of Anxiety, Arousal, and Apparent Punitiveness of the Adult.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 30: 822–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cast, Alicia D., and Peter J. Burke. 2002. “A Theory of Self-Esteem.” Social Forces 80: 1041–1068.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chrisite, Isreal C., and Bruce H. Friedman. 2004. “Autonomic Specificity of Discrete Emotion and Dimensions of Affective Space: A Multivariate Approach.” International Journal of Psychophysiology 51: 143–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, P. Niels, Hank Rothgerber, Wendy Wood, and David C. Matz. 2004. “Social Norms and Identity Relevance: A Motivational Approach to Normative Behavior.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30: 1295–1309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, Charles Horton. 1902. Human Nature and the Social Order. New York: Scribner’s.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, Norman K. 1983. “A Note on Emotionality, Self, and Interaction.” American Journal of Sociology 89: 402–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, Ed, and Marissa Diener. 1995. “Cross-Cultural Correlates of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68: 653–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkley, David M., and Kirk R. Blankstein. 2000. “Self-Critical Perfectionism, Coping, Hassles, and Current Distress: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.” Cognitive Therapy and Research 24: 713–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duval, Shelly, and Robert A. Wicklund. 1972. A Theory of Objective Self-Awareness. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, Nancy, Amanda Cumberland, and Tracy L. Spinrad. 1998. “Parent Socialization of Emotion.” Psychological Inquiry 9: 241–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ekman, Paul, and Wallance V. Friesen. 1969. “The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding.” Semiotica 1: 49–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, Seymour. 1980. “The Self-Concept: A Review and the Proposal of an Integrated Theory of Personality.” Pp. 82–132 in Personality: Basic Aspects and Current Research, edited by E. Staub. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1993. “Coping Ability, Negative Self-Evaluation, and Overgeneralization: Experiment and Theory.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62: 826–836.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, Agneta H. 1999. “The Role of Honour-Related vs. Individualistic Values in Conceptualising Pride, Shame, and Anger: Spanish and Dutch Cultural Prototypes.” Cognition and Emotion 13: 149–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgerald, Daniel A., Stefan Posse, Gregory J. Moore, Manuel E. Tancer, Pradeep J. Nathan, and K. Luan Phan. 2004. “Natural Correlates of Internally-Generated Disgust via Autobiographical Recall: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation.” Neuroscience Letters 370: 91–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fivush, Robyn, Lisa J. Berlin, Jessica McDermott Sales, Jean Mennuti-Washburn, and Jude Cassidy. 2003. “Functions of Parent-Child Reminiscing About Emotionally Negative Events.” Memory 11: 179–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, Nathan A., and Susan D. Calkins. 2003. “The Development of Self-Control of Emotion: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Influences.” Motivation and Emotion 27: 7–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franks, David D. 2003. “Emotions.” Pp. 787–809 in Handbook of Symbolic Interactionism, edited by L. T. Reynolds and N. J. Hermann-Kinney. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garside, Rula Bayrakdar, and Bonnie Klimes-Dougan. 2002. “Socialization of Discrete Negative Emotions: Gender Differences and Links with Psychological Distress.” Sex Roles 47: 115–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giddens, Anthony. 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, Leslie, S., and Jeremy D. Safran. 1987. Emotion in Psychotherapy: Affect, Cognition, and the Process of Change. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harter, Susan. 1986. “Cognitive-Developmental Processes in the Integration of Concepts about Emotions and the Self.” Social Cognition 4: 119–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, Ursula, Sacha Senecal, Gilles Kirouac, Pedro Herrera, Pierre Philipot, and Robert E. Kleck. 2000. “Emotional Expressivity in Men and Women: Stereotypes and Self-Perceptions.” Cognition and Emotion 14: 609–642.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, John P. 1991. Self and Society: A Symbolic Interactionist Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, E. Tory. 1987. “Self-Discrepancy: A Theory Relating Self and Affect.” Psychological Review 94: 319–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1999. “When Do Discrepancies Have Specific Relations to Emotions? The Second-Generation Question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998).” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77: 1313–1317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, E. Tory, Ruth L. Klein, and Timothy J. Strausman. 1987. “Self Discrepancies: Distinguishing among Self-States, Self-State Conflicts, and Emotional Vulnerabilites.” Pp. 173–186 in Self and Identity: Psychosocial Perspectives, edited by K. Yardley and T. Honess. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirt, Edward R., Dolf Zillmann, Grant A. Erickson, and Chris Kennedy. 1992. “Cost and Benefit of Allegiance: Changes in Fans’ Self-Ascribed Competencies After Team Victory versus Defeat.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63: 724–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 1979. “Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure.” American Journal of Sociology 85: 551–575.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1983. The Managed Heart. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iyer, Aarti, Colin Wayne Leach, and Faye J. Crosby. 2003. “White Guilt and Racial Compensation: The Benefits and Limits of Self-Focus.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29: 117–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jakupcak, Matthew, Kristalyn Salters, Kim L. Gratz, and Lizabeth Roemer. 2003. “Masculinity and Emotionality: An Investigation of Men’s Primary and Secondary Emotional Responding.” Sex Roles 49: 111–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, William. 1890. The Principle of Psychology. New York: Holt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeglic, Elizabeth L., Holly A. Vanderhoff, and Peter J. Donovick. 2005. “The Function of Self-Harm Behavior in a Forensic Population.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 49: 131–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Stephen C. 1973. “Self-and Interpersonal Evaluations: Esteem Theories vs. Consistency Theories.” Psychological Bulletin 79: 185–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jourard, Sideny M. 1957. “Identification, Parent-Cathexis, and Self-Esteem.”. Journal of Consulting Psychology 21: 375–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, Cheryl R., Brenda Major, and Shannon K. McCoy. 2004. “Expectations About the Future and the Emotional Consequences of Perceiving Prejudice.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30: 173–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, Sun-Mee, Phillip R. Shaver, Stanley Sue, Kyung-Hwan Min, and Hauibin Jing. 2003. “Culture-Specific Patterns in the Prediction of Life Satisfaction: Roles of Emotion, Relationship Quality, and Self-Esteem.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29: 1596–1608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Howard B. 1972. “Toward a General Theory of Psychosocial Deviance: The Case of Aggressive Behavior.” Social Science and Medicine 6: 593–617.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 1975. Self-Attitudes and Deviant Behavior. Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1980. Deviant Behavior in Defense of Self. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1983. Psychosocial Stress: Trends in Theory and Research. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1986. Social Psychology of Self-Referent Behavior. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1995. “Drugs, Crime, and Other Deviant Adaptations.” Pp. 3–46 in Drugs, Crime, and Other Deviant Adaptations: Longitudinal Studies, edited by H. B. Kaplan. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • —. 1996. “Psychosocial Stress from the Perspective of Self Theory.” Pp. 175–244 in Psychological Stress: Perspectives on Structure, Theory, Life Course, and Methods, edited by H. B. Kaplan. San Deigo, CA: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Howard B., and Cheng-Hsien Lin. 2000. “Deviant Identity as a Moderator of the Relation between Negative Self-Feelings and Deviant Behavior.” Journal of Early Adolescence 20: 150–177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Howard B., and Xiaoru Liu. 2000. “Social Movements as Collective Coping with Spoiled Personal Identities: Intimations from a Panel Study of Changes in the Life Course Between Adolescence and Adulthood.” Pp. 215–238 in Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, and R. W. White. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, Howard B., Cynthia Robbins, and Steven S. Martin. 1983. “Antecedents of Psychological Distress: Self-Rejection, Deprivation of Social Support, and Life Events.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 24: 230–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kernis, Michael H., Bruce D. Grannemann, and Lynda C. Barclay. 1989. “Stability and Level of Self-Esteem as Predictors of Anger Arousal and Hostility.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56: 1013–1022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiecolt, K. Jill. 2000. “Self-Change and Social Movements.” Pp. 110–131 in Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, and R. W. White. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiritz, Stewart, and Rudolph H. Moos. 1974. “Psychological Effects by Social Environments.” Psychosomatic Medicine 36: 96–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitayama, Shinobu, Hazel Rose Markus, and Masaru Kurokawa. 2000. “Culture, Emotion, and Well-Being: Good Feelings in Japan and the United States.” Cognition and Emotion 14: 93–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper, Nicholas A., and L. Joan Olinger. 1989. “Stress and Cognitive Vulnerability from Depression: A Self-Worth Contingency Model.” Pp.367–391 in Advances in the Investigation of Psychological Stress, edited by R. J. W. Neufeld. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazar, Ariela. 1999. “Deceiving Oneself of Self-Deceived? On the Formation of Beliefs ‘Under the Influence’.” Mind 108: 265–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lecky, Prescott. 1961. Self-Consistency: A Theory of Personality. New York: Shoe String Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, Michael, and Douglas Ramsay. 2002. “Cortisol Response to Embarrassment and Shame.” Child Development 73: 1034–1045.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Major, Brenda, Cheryl R. Kaiser, and Shannon K. McCoy. 2003. “It’s Not My Fault: When and Why Attributions to Prejudice Protect Self-Esteem.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29: 772–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandel, David R. 2003. “Counterfactuals, Emotions, and Context.” Cognition and Emotion 17: 139–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • March, John S. 1990. “The Nosology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.” Journal of Anxiety Disorders 4: 61–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Markus, Hazel, and Paula Nurius. 1987. “Possible Selves.” Pp. 157–172 in Self and Identity: Psychosocial Perspectives, edited by K. M. Yardley and T. M. Honess. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Rollo. 1980. “Value Conflicts and Anxiety.” Pp. 241–248 in Handbook on Stress and Anxiety, edited by I. L. Kutash and L. B. Schlesinger. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCoy, Shannon K., and Brenda Major. 2003. “Group Identification Moderates Emotional Responses to Perceived Prejudice.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29: 1005–1017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNally, Richard J. 1993. “Self-Representation in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cognitive Perspective.” Pp. 71–91 in The Self in Emotional Distress: Cognitive and Psychodynamic Perspectives, edited by Z. V. Segal and S. J. Blatt. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendolia, Marilyn. 2002. “An Index of Self-Regulation of Emotion and the Study of Repression in Social Contexts that Threaten or Do Not Threaten Self-Concept.” Emotion 2: 215–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mineka, Susan, David Watson, and Lee Anna Clark. 1998. “Comorbidity of Anxiety and Unipolar Mood Disorders.” Annual Review of Psychology 49: 377–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muris, Peter, Henk Schmidt, Harald Merckelbach, and Erik Schouten. 2001. “The Structure of Negative Emotions in Adolescents.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 29: 331–337.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newcomb, Michael D., and Peter M. Bentler. 1988. Consequences of Adolescent Drug Use: Impact on the Lives of Young Adults. New York: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, James M., Carolyn L. Hafer, April Couzens, and Inese Kramins. 2000. “You’re OK, I’m OK: The Self-Presentation of Affective Reactions to Deprivation.” Social Justice Research 13: 361–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oyserman, Daphna, Heather M. Coon, and Markus Kemmelmeier. 2002. “Rethinking Individualism and Collectivism: Evaluation of Theoretical Assumptions and Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 128: 3–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plant, E. Ashby, and Patricia G. Devine. 1998. “Internal and External Motivation to Respond Without Prejudice.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75: 811–832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prapavessis, Harry, Robert J. Grove, Ralph Maddison, and Nadine Zillmann. 2003. “Self-Handicapping Tendencies, Coping, and Anxiety Responses Among Athletes.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 4: 357–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodewalt, F., and C. C. Morf. 1998. “On Self-Aggrandizement and Anger: A Temporal Analysis of Narcissism and Affective Reactions to Success and Failure.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74: 672–685.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, Tomi-Ann. 2004. “Female Trouble: The Menstrual Self-Evaluation Scale and Women’s Self-Objectification.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 28: 22–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, Milton. 1983. “A Value Approach to the Prevention and Reduction of Drug Abuse.” Pp. 172–192 in Preventing Adolescent Drug Abuse: Intervention Strategeies. Research Monograph Series 47, edited by T. J. Glynn, C. G. Leukefeld, and J. P. Ludford. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, Morris. 1965. Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, Robert T. 1974. “Biochemical and Neuroendocrine Responses to Severe Psychological Stress: 1. U.S. Navy Aviator Study, 2. Some General Observations.” Pp. 227–274 in Life Stress and Illness, edited by E. K. E. Gunderson and R. H. Rahe Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabini, John, Brian Garvey, and Amanda L. Hall. 2001. “Shame and Embarrassment Revisited.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27: 104–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheff, Thomas J., Suzane M. Retzinger, and Michael T. Ryan. 1989. “Crime, Violence, and Self-Esteem: Review and Proposals.” Pp. 165–199 in The Social Importance of Self-Esteem, edited by A. M. Mecca, N. J. Smelser, and J. Vasconcellos. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheier, Michael F., and Charles S. Carver, 1982. “Cognition, Affect, and Self-Regulation.” Pp. 157–183 in Affect and Cognition: The Seventeenth Annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition, edited by M. S. Clark and S. T. Fiske. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shields, Stephanie A. 2005. “The Politics of Emotion in Everyday Life: ‘Appropriate’ Emotion and Claims of Identity.” Review of General Psychology 9: 3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, Claude M. 1988. “The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of Self.” Pp. 261–302 in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, edited by L. Berkowitz. New York: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, Claude M., Steven J. Spencer, and Michael Lynch. 1993. “Self-Image Resilience and Dissonance: The Role of Affirmational Resources.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64: 885–896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, Jan E. 2005. “Examining Emotions in Identity Theory.” Social Psychology Quarterly 68: 39–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stets, Jan E., and Teresa M. Tsushima. 2001. “Negative Emotion and Coping Responses Within Identity Control Theory.” Social Psychology Quarterly 64: 283–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauman, Timothy J., and E. Tory Higgins. 1993. “The Self Construct in Social Cognition: Past Present and Future.” Pp. 3–40 in The Self in Emotional Distress, edited by Z. V. Segal and S. J. Blatt. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, Sheldon. 1968. “Identity Salience and Role Performance: The Relevance of Symbolic Interaction Theory for Family Research.” Journal of Marriage and the Family 30: 558–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • —. 2004. “Integrating Emotion into Identity Theory.” Theory and Research on Human Emotions Advances in Group Processes 21: 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stucke, Tanja S., and Sigfreid L. Sporer. 2002. “When a Grandiose Self-Image Is Threatened: Narcissism and Self-Concept Clarity as Predictors of Negative Emotions and Aggression Following Ego Threat.” Journal of Personality 70: 509–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swann, W. B., Jr. 1983. “Self-Verification: Bringing Social Reality Into Harmony with the Self.” Pp. 33–66 in Social Psychological Perspectives on the Self, edited by J. Suls and A. G. Greenwald. Hillside, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swiatek, Mary Ann. 2001. “Social Coping among Gifted High School Students and Its Relationship to Self-Concept.” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 30: 19–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tangney, June Price, and Kurt Fischer. 1995. The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, and Pride. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tagney, June Price, Paula M. Niedenthal, Michelle Vowell Covert, and Deborah Hill Barlow. 1998. “Are Shame and Guilt Related to Distinct Self-Discrepancies?: A Test of Higgin’s (1987) Hypotheses.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75: 256–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Verta. 2000. “Emotions and Identity in Women’s Self-Help Movements.” Pp. 271–299 in Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by S. Stryker, T. J. Owens, and R. W. White. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesser, Abraham. 1986. “Some Effects of Self-Evaluation Maintenance on Cognition and Action.” Pp. 435–464 in Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, edited by R. M. Sorrentino and E. T. Higgins. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thoits, Peggy A. 1985. “Self-Labeling Processes in Mental Illness: The Role of Emotional Deviance.” American Journal of Sociology 92: 221–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twenge, Jean M., and W. Keith Campbell. 2003. “Isn’t It Fun to Get the Respect that We’re Going to Deserve?” Narcissism, Social Rejection, and Aggression.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29: 261–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Twenge, Jean M., Kathleen R. Catanese, and Roy F. Baumeister. 2003. “Social Exclusion and the Deconstructed State: Time Perception, Meaninglessness, Lethargy, Lack of Emotion, and Self-Awareness.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85: 409–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, Bernard. 1986. “Cognition, Emotion, and Action.” Pp. 281–312 in Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior, edited by E. Tory Higgins and Richard M. Sorrentino. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whelton, William J., and Leslie S. Greenberg. 2005. “Emotion in Self-Criticism.” Personality and Individual Differences 38: 1583–1595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeman, Janice, and Judy Garber. 1996. “Display Rules for Anger, Sadness, and Pain: It Depends on Who Is Watching.” Child Development 67: 957–973.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843

    Howard B. Kaplan

Authors
  1. Howard B. Kaplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Jan E. Stets  & Jonathan H. Turner  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kaplan, H.B. (2006). Self Theory and Emotions. In: Stets, J.E., Turner, J.H. (eds) Handbook of the Sociology of Emotions. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30715-2_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation