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Myosin X

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Myosins

Part of the book series: Proteins and Cell Regulation ((PROR,volume 7))

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Abstract

MyosinX(Myo10)is aMyTH4-FERMmyosinspecific to chordatesandrelated organisms. It is unique in that its tail contains three Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domains. Myo10 is expressed in most cells and tissues, although at relatively low levels. Myo10 localizes to regions of dynamic actin such as the tips of filopodia, where it may function as part of a filopodial tip complex involved in processes such as actin polymerization, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. Myo10 also undergoes a novel form of motility within filopodia termed intrafilopodial motility and it is hypothesized to function as a motor to power forward intrafilopodial motility. Myo10 has potent filopodia-inducing activity and plays an important role in filopodia formation. Myo10’s tail can bind to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, certainβ-integrins, andVASPproteins. Surprisingly, Myo10’s tail also binds to microtubules, thus allowing it to function as a motorized link between actin filaments and microtubules. Exciting recent evidence indicates that Myo10 also binds to netrin receptors and is involved in axon outgrowth. Research with Myo10 and other myosins containing MyTH4-FERM domains suggest that these proteins have evolutionarily ancient roles in the membrane-cytoskeleton interactions underlying adhesion, phagocytosis, and the formation of filopodia and related structures.

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  1. Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Melinda M. Divito & Richard E. Cheney

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  1. Melinda M. Divito
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Divito, M.M., Cheney, R.E. (2008). Myosin X. In: Myosins. Proteins and Cell Regulation, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6519-4_14

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