Description
This entry discusses the role of memory studies in the analysis of societies in and after conflict and in the study of processes of peacebuilding and peace formation (Richmond 2013) from below. It addresses the following questions: What are the ways in which the social organization of memory shape processes of post-conflict remembrance? What are the modes in which communities and groups preserve and remember the past, commemorate it, deny, or obliterate it? What is the role of memory activists and alternative commemorative events in processes of reconciliation? By discussing the dynamics of memory work and memory activism, and the tensions between state-sponsored and alternative counter-memories, this entry underlines the importance of the study of spaces of memory as an arena of political struggles. Memory regimes and mnemonic actors, state calendars, and commemorative...
References
Aguilar, P. (2002). Memory and amnesia: The role of the Spanish Civil War in the transition to democracy. New York: Berghahn Books.
Aguilar, P., & Ramirez-Barat, C. (2017). Amnesty and reparations without truth or justice in Spain. In N. Wouters (Ed.), Transitional justice and memory in Europe (1945–2013) (pp. 199–258). Cambridge, MA: Intersentia.
Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768.
Connerton, P. (1989). How societies Remember. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Connerton, P. (2009). How modernity forgets. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Dević, A. (1997). Anti-war initiatives and the un-making of civic identities in the former Yugoslavia republics. Journal of Historical Sociology, 10(2), 119–156.
Duhaček, D. (2010). Breme Našeg Doba: Odgovornost I rasuđivanje u delu Hane Arent (The burden of our time: Responsibility and reasoning in Hannah Arendt). Belgrade: Circulus.
Đureinović, J. (2018). (Trans)national Memories of the Common Past in the Post-Yugoslav Space. In S. Berger & C. Tekin (Eds.), History and belonging: Representations of the past in contemporary European politics (pp. 106–121). New York: Berghahn.
Fridman, O. (2011). It was like fighting a war with our own people: Anti-war Activism in Serbia during the1990s. Nationalities Papers, 39, 507–522.
Fridman, O. (2015). Alternative calendars and memory work in Serbia: Anti-war activism after Milošević. Memory Studies, 8, 212–226.
Fridman, O. (2018). “Too young to remember determined not to forget”: Memory activists engaging with returning ICTY convicts. International Criminal Justice Review, 28, 423–437.
Fridman, O. (2019). ‘Hashtag memory activism’: Online commemorations and online memory activism. A paper presented at the international conference: CEEISA-ISA 2019, Belgrade 17-19 June.
Fridman, O., & Hercigonja, S. (2017). Protiv Nenormalnog: An analysis of the #protivdiktature. Protests in the context of memory politics of the 1990s in Serbia. Contemporary Southeastern Europe, 4, 12–25.
Fridman, O., & Ristić, K. (forthcoming). Online transnational memory activism and commemoration: The case of the white armband day. In A. Sierp & J. Wüstenberg (Eds.), Agency in transnational memory politics. New York: Berghahn Books.
Gordy, E. (2013). Guilt, responsibility, and denial. The past at stake in post-Milošević Serbia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Gutman, Y. (2017). Memory activism: Reimagining the past for the future in Israel-Palestine. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
Halbwachs, M. (1992). On collective memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hoskins, A. (2018). The Restless Past: an introduction to digital memory and media. In Digital Memory Studies: Media Pasts in Transition, edited by Andrew Hoskins, 1–24. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Howard Ross, M. (2018). Slavery in the North: Forgetting history and recovering memory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Irwin-Zarecka, I. (1994). Frames of remembrance: The dynamics of collective memory. New Brunswick: Transaction.
Jelin, E. (2003). State repression and the labors of memory. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Kubik, J., & Bernhard, M. (2014). A theory of the politics of memory. In M. Bernhard & J. Kubik (Eds.), Twenty years after communism. The politics of memory and commemoration (pp. 7–34). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kuljić, T. (2008). Istorijske, političke i herojske generacije: Nacrt okvira i primena (Historical, political and heroic generations: Draft framework and application). Filozofija i Društvo, 1, 69–106.
Kuljić, T. (2009). Remembering crimes – Proposal and reactions. In D. Vujadinović & V. Goati (Eds.), Between authoritarianism and democracy (Serbia at the political crossroads) (Vol. III, pp. 197–212). Belgrade: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung and Centar for Democratic Transition.
Lievrouw, L. A. (2011). Alternative and activist new media (Digital media and society series). Cambridge, UK/Malden: Polity.
Mac Ginty, R., & Firchow, P. (2016). Top-down and bottom-up narratives of peace and conflict. Politics, 36(3), 308–323.
Mac Ginty, R., & Richmond, O. P. (2013). The local turn in peace building: A critical agenda for peace. Third World Quarterly, 34(5), 763–783.
Moll, N. (2013). Fragmented memories in a fragmented country: Memory competition and political identity-building in today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina. Nationalities Papers, 41(6), 910–935.
Nora, P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les Lieux de Mémoire. Representations, 26, 7–24.
Olick, J. K. (2007). The politics of regret: On historical memory and historical responsibility. New York: Routledge.
Olick, J., Vinitzky-Seroussi, V., & Levy, D. (2011). Introduction. In J. Olick, V. Vinitzky-Seroussi, & D. Levy (Eds.), The collective memory reader (pp. 3–62). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Papić, Ž. (2002). Europe after 1989: Ethnic wars, the fascistization of civil society and body politics in Serbia. In G. Griffin & R. Braidotti (Eds.), Thinking differently: A reader in European Women’s Studies (pp. 127–144). London/New York: Zed Books.
Petrović, T. (2013). Serbia’s Quest for a Usable Past. Available at: http://www.iwm.at/read-listen-watch/transit-online/serbias-quest-for-a-usable-past/.
Plamberger, M. (2016). How generations remember: Conflicting histories and shared memories in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Richmond, O. P. (2006). The problem of peace: Understanding the liberal peace. Conflict, Security and Development, 6(3), 291–314.
Richmond, O. P. (2013). Failed statebuilding versus peace formation. Cooperation and Conflict, 38(3), 378–400.
Schwartz, B. (2001). Commemorative objects. In N. Smelser & P. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 2267–2272). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Simić, O., & Daly, K. (2011). “One Pair of Shoe, One Life”: Steps towards accountability for genocide in Srebrenica. The International Journal of Transitional Justice, 5, 1–15.
Spasić, I. (2002). Overcoming the past. Politics and everyday life in Serbia after Milošević. Paper presented at the international conference “Études balkaniques: état des savoirs et pistes de recherché”, Paris.
Stojanović, D. (2011). Revisions of the Second World War history in Serbia. In S. P. Ramet & O. Listhaug (Eds.), Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two (pp. 247–264). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Tirosh, N. (2018). iNakba, mobile memory and society’s memory. Mobile Media and Communication, 6(3), 350–366.
Vinitzky-Seroussi, V. (2009). Yitzhak Rabin’s assassination and the dilemmas of commemoration. Albany: SUNY Press.
Visoka, G. (2016). Arrested truth: Transitional justice and the politics of remembrance in Kosovo. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 8(1), 62–80.
Watson, B. R., & Chen, M. S. (2016). @TodayIn1963: Commemorative journalism, digital collective remembering, and the March on Washington. Journalism Studies, 17(8), 1010–1029.
Winter, J. (2001). The generation of memory: Reflections on the “Memory Boom” in contemporary historical studies. Canadian Military History, 10(3), 57–66.
Zerubavel, Y. (1995). Recovered roots: Collective memory and the making of Israeli National Tradition. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Zerubavel, E. (2003a). Calendars and history: A comparative study of the social organization of national memory. In J. Olick (Ed.), States of memory: Continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection (pp. 315–337). Durham: Duke University.
Zerubavel, E. (2003b). Time maps: Collective memory and the social shape of the past. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Fridman, O. (2020). Conflict, Memory, and Memory Activism: Dealing with Difficult Pasts. In: The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Peace and Conflict Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11795-5_38-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11795-5_38-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11795-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11795-5
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Political Science and International StudiesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences