Rural Migration in Colombia

Abstract

All over the world, various governments have made their own and collective efforts to improve economic, social and environmental conditions, that tend to a world that, despite the limitations, is more sustainable. However, close to 1 billion people continue to live in conditions of extreme poverty, 80% suffer chronic hunger, and 281 million people have suffered from difficult migratory processes. Latin American countries contribute about 12% of these flows; this phenomenon brings misery and pain to people and their families, increases other social problems such as insecurity, violence and higher levels of street-begging. According to the World Migration Report for the year 2022, Colombia has been the main recipient of the migrants from Venezuela with near to 1.7 million people. But internal displacement in Colombia due to conflict and violence continued to intensify in 2021, with more than 27,000 people displaced only in the first quarter of the year. There are some types of migration, with rural migration being one of the most important to study, because, in addition to creating multiple social phenomena, it is harming agricultural activities that are essential for food sustainability. The methodology proposed by the ARCOSES Research Group was implemented; where the variables and indicators were raised in aspects such as insecurity, well-being, economic activities, mainly. This made it possible to identify that Colombia must seek greater comprehensive development of rural municipalities, to avoid massive displacements to urban regions that affect the availability of rural labor and collaterally the issues of agricultural production and food sustainability. To guarantee full access and rural develop, prompt and assertive governmental intervention by the Colombian state is required.