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Handbuch Policy-Forschung

Zusammenfassung

Das Kapitel stellt mit der Parteiendifferenzthese einen der klassischen Ansätze zur Erklärung von Public Policies vor. Dazu werden in einem ersten Schritt die theoretischen Grundlagen des Theorieansatzes geklärt und dabei hinsichtlich der Motive der Parteien zwischen primär wiederwahlorientierten Parteien (vote-seeking) und primär policy-orientierten Parteien (entschieden). Diese Unterscheidung ermöglicht es, unterschiedliche Motive der Parteien genauer zu modellieren und die Implikationen für das Auftreten parteipolitischer Einflüsse zu untersuchen. Daneben diskutiert der erste Abschnitt des Kapitels, unter welchen Umständen parteipolitische Effekte auf Public Policies wahrscheinlich sind, welche Kontextfaktoren – seien es Institutionen, budgetäre Handlungsschranken oder internationale Rahmenbedingungen – also die Regierungen dabei behindern können ihre präferierte Policy durchzusetzen. Der zweite Teil des Kapitels diskutiert darauf aufbauend wie der Einfluss von Parteiendifferenz empirisch messbar gemacht werden kann. Er stellt dabei Ansätze, die auf der Messung von Parteipositionen beruhen, solchen Studien gegenüber, die auf der Einordnung von Parteien in Parteifamilien beruhen. Der Beitrag schließt mit einem kursorischen Überblick über den Forschungsstand und zeigt, dass ein Einfluss von Parteien auf Staatstätigkeit in ganz unterschiedlichen Politikfeldern nachgewiesen werden konnte. Allerdings zeigt der Forschungsstand auch, dass Parteieneffekte häufig von Veränderungen in der Wählerstruktur und im Parteienwettbewerb, von unterschiedlichen institutionellen Kontexten nationaler politischer Systeme und sich wandelnden internationale Rahmenbedingungen abhängen.

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  1. Politikwissenschaft, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str./Gebäude 57, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Deutschland

    Dr. Georg Wenzelburger

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  1. Dr. Georg Wenzelburger
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  1. Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Georg Wenzelburger

  2. Heidelberg, Germany

    Reimut Zohlnhöfer

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Wenzelburger, G. (2015). Parteien. In: Wenzelburger, G., Zohlnhöfer, R. (eds) Handbuch Policy-Forschung. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01968-6_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-01968-6_4

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