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Palaeoenvironmental significance of lacustrine stromatolites of the Arnstadt Formation (“Steinmergelkeuper”, Upper Triassic, N-Germany)

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Abstract

Lacustrine stromatolites of the Norian Arnstadt Formation (“Steinmergelkeuper”) occur on top of asymmetric flooding–evaporation cycles of a closed lake basin. They have been investigated with regard to associated lithofacies and biota, microfabric and stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. The stromatolites of the “Middle Grey Series” are brecciated and reworked by a flooding event of a subsequent lake cycle. They comprise agglutinated stromatolites rich in fish scales as well as skeletal stromatolites composed of a rhythmically grown dendroid micropeloidal framework. The latter are characterized by a shift towards positive δ13C values relative to the associated lake carbonates. This points to an effective photosynthesis in biofilm calcification at low concentrations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in a perennial fresh to brackish water lake. The stromatolites of the “Upper Red Series” occur on top of perennial lake cycles intercalated between playa lake deposits. The fine-grained stromatolites are poor in microfabric characteristics but show a significant covariation of δ18O and δ13C. This points to evaporation/degassing acting as driving mechanism in biofilm calcification. The lack of biotic effects on carbon isotope fractionation may reflect high concentrations in dissolved inorganic carbon. Skeletal oncoids, which occur as allochthonous components within an intraformational lag deposit of the “Upper Red Series”, are composed of cyanobacterial tubes and probably represent lowest saline lakes with only poor DIC buffering. Stable isotope signatures in conjunction with stromatolite microfabric analyses may be used as a proxy of DIC concentrations in ancient closed lakes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Helmut Klein and Volker Karius for their support in XRD analysis. We are grateful to Andreas Reimer for help with SEM and EDX analysis. Volker Thiel and Ulrike Meliß are kindly acknowledged for their attempts to isolate biomarkers from the stromatolite samples. Walter Riegel is kindly acknowledged for his attempts to isolate palynomorphs from the stromatolite samples. We thank Joachim Reitner for introduction to cathodoluminescence and support in field work. Rainer Schoch, Stuttgart, and Annette Broschinski, Hannover, gave valuable hints on the vertebrate remains. Michael Sosnitza prepared polished slabs and macrofossils. Many thanks go to Alexander Satmari and Harald Tonn for preparing thin-sections. We are grateful to Freiherr Melchior von Bodenhausen for permission to access the clay pit of Hottenrode. Gerhard Bachmann, Halle/Saale, and Robert Riding, Cardiff, provided thoughtful and very helpful reviews.

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  1. Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Abteilung Geobiologie, Goldschmidtstr. 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Gernot Arp & Veit-Enno Hoffmann

  2. Bruchbergweg 7, D-38104, Braunschweig, Germany

    Friedrich Bielert

  3. Leonard-Nelson-Strasse 31, D-37073, Göttingen, Germany

    Thomas Löffler

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Arp, G., Bielert, F., Hoffmann, VE. et al. Palaeoenvironmental significance of lacustrine stromatolites of the Arnstadt Formation (“Steinmergelkeuper”, Upper Triassic, N-Germany). Facies 51, 419–441 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-005-0063-8

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