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A Comparative Analysis of Attempted and Completed School-Based Mass Murder Attacks

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Abstract

“School shootings” are rarely studied quantitatively due to the fact that they are relatively rare, albeit powerful events. Therefore, prior research on “school shootings” typically relies on case study methodologies, or involves the use of typologies based on perpetrators’ motivations, their relationships to victims, and/or the total number of victims killed. However, not all cases of multiple-victim homicide attacks that take place in schools involve the use of firearms, and not all school-based multiple-victim homicide attacks result in multiple fatalities, as many such cases are either thwarted in advance by police or fail to result in the intended number of victims due to a variety of factors. The present study compares attempted and completed mass murder and rampage style attacks that have taken place at schools, and further compares incidents involving firearms to those that involve other deadly weapons. Utilizing a database of 282 identified cases of mass murder incidents in schools across 38 nations, incidents’ date and location, the demographic characteristics of perpetrators, weapons used, number of victims, and school contexts are examined and compared.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for the data collection was provided to the author by the Academy for Critical Incident Analysis (ACIA) at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York.

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  1. Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8105, Statesboro, GA, 30460-8105, USA

    Laura E. Agnich

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Correspondence to Laura E. Agnich.

Appendix

Appendix

U.S. States by Region

The Northeast region includes Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; the Midwest region includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; the South region includes Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; and the West region includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming (see U.S. Census Bureau, 2010).

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Agnich, L.E. A Comparative Analysis of Attempted and Completed School-Based Mass Murder Attacks. Am J Crim Just 40, 1–22 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-014-9239-5

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