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Determination of Environmental Exposure to Microcystin and Aflatoxin as a Risk for Renal Function Based on 5493 Rural People in Southwest China

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Department of Tropical Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, §Department of Health Education, College of Preventive Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
# The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Fuling District, Chongqing, 408000 China
College of Life Science and Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, 404100 China
Township Central Hospital in Yihe Town, Fuling District, Chongqing, 408104 China
Community Health Service Center in Lidu Town, Fuling District, Chongqing, 408103 China
*Telephone: 86-23-68772309; e-mail: [email protected]
Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 10, 5346–5356
Publication Date (Web):April 12, 2016
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01062
Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

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    Although the nephrotoxicity of microcystin and aflatoxin has been observed in animal and clinical cases, few population data are available. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Southwest China to investigate the association of renal function indicators (RFIs, including BUN, SCr, and eGFR) with exposure to microcystin and aflatoxin in 5493 members of the general population. Microcystin-LR levels in water and aquatic products and aflatoxin B1 levels in daily foods were measured by ELISA, and individual estimated daily intake (EDI) was assessed on the basis of the measurement and questionnaire. We found that participants with abnormal RFIs had a much higher mean level of microcystin-LR EDI than those with normal RFIs and that there was a significant increasing trend for abnormal rates and odds ratios of RFIs with increasing microcystin-LR EDI quartiles (p for trend = 0.000). Compared with the lowest quartile of microcystin-LR exposure, those in the highest quartile had significantly higher risks of abnormal BUN (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.34–2.42), SCr (OR = 4.58, 95% CI = 2.92–7.21), and eGFR (OR = 4.41, 95% CI = 2.55–7.63), respectively, but no higher risk was found in subjects with higher AFB1 exposure. After adjustment for confounding factors, risk associations with microcystin-LR persisted. Consequently, our results suggest that microcystin, rather than aflatoxin, might be one important risk of renal-function impairment.

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