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Acknowledgements
This paper has benefitted from insightful comments by Colin Baker, Matthew Ciscel and Tommaso Milani. All remaining errors are exclusively mine.
Notes
2. http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/index.php?id=148&listid=58420; http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/93429.html
5. A search for articles on ‘Russian language in the Near Abroad’ on the website of the information agency Regnum (www.regnum.ru) retrieved 24 items for January 2008.
6. This collaboration is now taking place within the framework of the AILA Research Network on multilingualism in post-Soviet countries.
7. The only exception here was Moldovan where de-Latinization of the script affected the population used to Romanian (Ciscel, 2007).
8. Other post-Soviet countries granted automatic citizenship to all those residing on their territory.
9. Snyder (2003: 98) notes an inconsistency in these arguments: ‘Lithuanians took for granted that the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact was illegitimate, but that the incorporation of Vilnius that followed was legitimate’. Vilnius, now Lithuania's capital, was under Polish rule between 1920 and 1939, Stalin transferred it to Lithuania; it was also claimed by Belarusian national elites (Snyder, 2003: 80–81).
10. Scholars vary in their references to the language as Azerbaijanian or Azeri; in the present article, the term ‘Azerbaijanian’ is adopted following the offical English translation of the Constitution of Azerbaijan (www.president.az).
11. The president Ilham Aliev actually had to interfere to protect a popular Russian-language game show (www.regnum.ru, 1/10/08).
12. This negative attitude towards bilingualism is not a new phenomenon: Throughout history, bilinguals in monolingual societies have often been treated with suspicion as people with shifting political allegiances and moral commitments (Pavlenko, 2005: 24–27).