REVIEW
Changing resource landscapes and spillover of henipaviruses
Maureen K. Kessler,
Daniel J. Becker,
Alison J. Peel,
Nathan V. Justice,
Tamika Lunn,
Daniel E. Crowley,
Devin N. Jones,
Peggy Eby,
Cecilia A. Sánchez,
Raina K. Plowright,
Corresponding Author
Maureen K. Kessler
Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Address for correspondence: Maureen K. Kessler, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59715. [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Becker
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
The Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorAlison J. Peel
Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorNathan V. Justice
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this authorTamika Lunn
The Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel E. Crowley
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this authorDevin N. Jones
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this authorPeggy Eby
The School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCecilia A. Sánchez
The Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
The Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorRaina K. Plowright
Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this author
Maureen K. Kessler,
Daniel J. Becker,
Alison J. Peel,
Nathan V. Justice,
Tamika Lunn,
Daniel E. Crowley,
Devin N. Jones,
Peggy Eby,
Cecilia A. Sánchez,
Raina K. Plowright,
Corresponding Author
Maureen K. Kessler
Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Address for correspondence: Maureen K. Kessler, Department of Ecology, Montana State University, 310 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59715. [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDaniel J. Becker
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
The Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorAlison J. Peel
Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorNathan V. Justice
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this authorTamika Lunn
The Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel E. Crowley
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this authorDevin N. Jones
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this authorPeggy Eby
The School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCecilia A. Sánchez
The Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
The Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Search for more papers by this authorRaina K. Plowright
Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) provide critical pollination and seed dispersal services to forest ecosystems across Africa, Asia, and Australia. In each of these regions, pteropodids have been identified as natural reservoir hosts for henipaviruses. The genus Henipavirus includes Hendra virus and Nipah virus, which regularly spill over from bats to domestic animals and humans in Australia and Asia, and a suite of largely uncharacterized African henipaviruses. Rapid change in fruit bat habitat and associated shifts in their ecology and behavior are well documented, with evidence suggesting that altered diet, roosting habitat, and movement behaviors are increasing spillover risk of bat-borne viruses. We review the ways that changing resource landscapes affect the processes that culminate in cross-species transmission of henipaviruses, from reservoir host density and distribution to within-host immunity and recipient host exposure. We evaluate existing evidence and highlight gaps in knowledge that are limiting our understanding of the ecological drivers of henipavirus spillover. When considering spillover in the context of land-use change, we emphasize that it is especially important to disentangle the effects of habitat loss and resource provisioning on these processes, and to jointly consider changes in resource abundance, quality, and composition.
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