Mass-Independent Sulfur Isotopic Compositions in Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions
Abstract
The observed mass-independent sulfur isotopic composition (Δ33S) of volcanic sulfate from the Agung (March 1963) and Pinatubo (June 1991) eruptions recorded in the Antarctic snow provides a mechanism for documenting stratospheric events. The sign of Δ33S changes over time from an initial positive component to a negative value. Δ33S is created during photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid on a monthly time scale, which indicates a fast process. The reproducibility of the results reveals that Δ33S is a reliable tracer to chemically identify atmospheric processes involved during stratospheric volcanism.
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The deviation from the mass-dependent relationships is calculated by the following equations: Δ33S = δ33S – 1000*[(1 + δ34S/1000)0,515 – 1] and Δ36S = δ36S – 1000*[(1 + δ34S/1000)1,91 – 1]. Considering the small size of the samples, our analytical accuracy, with a 2σ uncertainty, is equal to 0.12‰ for Δ33S and varies from 0.64 to 1.63‰ for Δ36S. Only |Δ33S| > 0.12‰ and |Δ36S| > 0.64‰ are considered as diagnostic of MIF in the present study. Uncertainties (2σ) are 0.07, 0.19, and 0.53 to 1.59‰ for δ33S, δ34S, and δ36S, respectively.
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We acknowledge useful discussions with S. Bekki and thank the Conseil Régional Rhônes-Alpes for partially supporting travel expenses for M.B. J.S. acknowledges the Balzan Foundation for financial support; C. Lorius and the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers (INSU) for mass spectrometry acquisition; the French Polar Institute and M. Legrand (Institut Polaire Francais Paul Emile Victor program DC17) for logistical support in Antarctica; the CNRS, under its Programme International de Coopération Scientifique; and the INSU Programme National de Chimie Atmosphérique. The NSF Office of Polar Programs provided financial support for M.H.T. We also thank J. McCabe and U. Morgenstern for helping J.S. to dig the snow pit.
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Published In
Science
Volume 315 | Issue 5808
5 January 2007
5 January 2007
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American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Received: 26 June 2006
Accepted: 15 November 2006
Published in print: 5 January 2007
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www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5808/84/DC1
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- Deglacial volcanism and reoxygenation in the aftermath of the Sturtian Snowball Earth, Science Advances, 9, 36, (2023)./doi/10.1126/sciadv.adh9502
- Neoarchean carbonate–associated sulfate records positive Δ33S anomalies, Science, 346, 6210, (739-741), (2021)./doi/10.1126/science.1258211
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