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Research Article

Molecular Evidence for Deep Precambrian Divergences Among Metazoan Phyla

Science
25 Oct 1996
Vol 274, Issue 5287
pp. 568-573

Abstract

A literal reading of the fossil record suggests that the animal phyla diverged in an “explosion” near the beginning of the Cambrian period. Calibrated rates of molecular sequence divergence were used to test this hypothesis. Seven independent data sets suggest that invertebrates diverged from chordates about a billion years ago, about twice as long ago as the Cambrian. Protostomes apparently diverged from chordates well before echinoderms, which suggests a prolonged radiation of animal phyla. These conclusions apply specifically to divergence times among phyla; the morphological features that characterize modern animal body plans, such as skeletons and coeloms, may have evolved later.

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We thank J. Felsenstein, J. Rohlf, R. Sokal, B. Runnegar, A. Bely, J. Boore, and R. Zardoya for invaluable help with these analyses, and A. Bely, D. Futuyma, D. Jablonski, and A. Knoll for helpful comments on the manuscript. Supported by grants from NSF to all three authors and from the A. P. Sloan Foundation to G.A.W

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Information

Published In

Science
Volume 274 | Issue 5287
25 October 1996

Submission history

Received: 28 May 1996
Accepted: 27 August 1996
Published in print: 25 October 1996

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Authors

Affiliations

Gregory A. Wray* [email protected]
The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA.
Jeffrey S. Levinton
The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA.
Leo H. Shapiro
The authors are in the Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5245, USA.

Notes

*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: for G. A. Wray, [email protected]; for J. S. Levinton, [email protected]
Present address: Molecular Genetics Program, Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008, USA.

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