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Characterization of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genome using in vitro and in situ DNA reassociation

Publication: Genome
June 1998

Abstract

A detailed in vitro study of the kinetics of DNA renaturation, i.e., a C0t analysis, can be used to determine the size of a genome, the relative proportions of single-copy and repetitive sequences, and the complexity of genome components. Despite the dual importance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) as a model for basic plant research and as a crop plant, to the best of our knowledge a C0t analysis has never been published for this species. This is probably due to difficulties associated with isolating sufficient quantities of polyphenol-free nuclear DNA from tomato. Recently we developed a technique for isolating milligram quantities of purified DNA from tomato nuclei, and we used DNA isolated in this manner to prepare a C0t curve for the tomato genome. Analysis of the C0t data indicates that the tomato genome (1C) consists of approximately 0.86 pg of DNA. In agreement with earlier molecular studies, the C0t analysis suggests that most (~73%) of the tomato genome is composed of single-copy sequences. Since 77% of the DNA in tomato chromosomes is found in constitutive heterochromatin, many of the single-copy sequences must reside in heterochromatin, an unexpected arrangement, considering that the constitutive heterochromatin of most species is predominantly repetitive DNA. To determine the distribution of repetitive and single-copy DNA along tomato pachytene chromosomes, we used hydroxyapatite-purified C0t fractions as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our FISH results indicate that highly repetitive DNA hybridizes almost exclusively with heterochromatin. While single-copy DNA comprises most of the DNA in euchromatin, heterochromatin contains the majority of single-copy DNA sequences, an observation consistent with our C0t data and previous cytological studies.Key words: tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, genome size, heterochromatin, euchromatin, DNA reassociation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH, C0t.

Résumé

Une étude détaillée de la cinétique de la renaturation de l'ADN in vitro, c'est-à-dire une analyse C0t, peut être employée pour déterminer la taille d'un génome, les proportions relatives d'ADN simple copie et d'ADN répété de même que la complexité des composantes du génome. Malgré l'importance de la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) d'abord en tant qu'espèce modèle en recherche fondamentale et ensuite en tant qu'espèce cultivée importante, au meilleur de la connaissance des auteurs, aucune analyse C0t n'a été publiée pour cette espèce. Cette lacune est vraisemblablement due aux difficultés qui sont rencontrées dans l'extraction, en quantités suffisantes, d'ADN génomique nucléaire exempt de polyphénols chez la tomate. Récemment, les auteurs ont mis au point une technique qui permet d'isoler des milligrammes d'ADN purifié à partir de noyaux de tomate. De l'ADN isolé par cette technique a été employé afin de préparer une courbe C0t pour le génome de la tomate. L'analyse des données C0t indique que le génome (1C) de la tomate comprend environ 0,86 pg d'ADN. En accord avec les études moléculaires précédentes, l'analyse C0t suggère que la majeure partie (~73%) du génome de la tomate est composé de séquences à simple copie. Puisque ~77% de l'ADN des chromosomes de la tomate se trouve dans des régions d'hétérochromatine constitutive, plusieurs des séquences d'ADN à simple copie doivent être localisées parmi l'hétérochromatine, une situation inattendue si on considère que l'hétérochromatine constitutive est composée surtout d'ADN répété chez la plupart des espèces. Afin de déterminer la distribution des séquences répétées et à simple copie sur les chromosomes en pachytène, les auteurs ont employé des fractions C0t purifiées sur hydroxyapatite en tant que sondes pour réaliser des hybridations in situ à fluorescence. Les résultats de ces hybridations indiquent que l'ADN très répétitif hybride presque exclusivement avec l'hétérochromatine. Bien que l'euchromatine est formée presque entièrement d'ADN à simple copie, la majeure partie de l'ADN à simple copie se trouve dans l'hétérochromatine. Cette observation concorde avec les résultats de l'analyse C0t et avec les études cytologiques antérieures.Mots clés : tomate, Lycopersicon esculentum, taille du génome, hétérochromatine, euchromatine, réassociation d'ADN, hybridation in situ à fluorescence, FISH, C0t.

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Published In

cover image Genome
Genome
Volume 41Number 3June 1998
Pages: 346 - 356

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Version of record online: 15 February 2011

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