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Seasonal variations in population and community structure of small rodents in a tropical forest of Gabon

Publication: Canadian Journal of Zoology
June 2003

Abstract

The composition, structure, and reproductive phenology of a community of murid rodents were investigated for 1 year at two sites in an undisturbed forest in southwestern Gabon, Africa. We captured 1531 mice belonging to 11 species and eight genera. At both sites, species richness varied seasonally and tended to be maximal during the period of maximal trap success. For the most abundant species (Hylomyscus stella, Hybomys univittatus, Heimyscus fumosus, and Praomys cf. misonnei), a general unimodal trend in trap success was detected, owing to variations in breeding activity and survival, with a minimum around the long rainy season and a maximum either during the short rainy season or at the beginning of the following long dry season. These fluctuations varied in magnitude among species, and seasonal variations in relative abundance were recorded. Our results support the assumption that in the tropics, rainfall and associated patterns of fruit and insect abundance are important factors which may act directly or indirectly to initiate breeding activity so that lactation occurs at a time of greatest food abundance. Finally, intrapopulational differences in age at sexual maturity were found, both between the sexes and among individuals of the same sex.

Résumé

La composition, la structure et la phénologie de la reproduction d'une communauté de rongeurs muridés ont été étudiées durant un an sur deux sites de forêt non perturbée dans le sud-ouest du Gabon (Afrique). Au total, 1531 muridés appartenant à 11 espèces et 8 genres ont été capturés. Sur les deux sites d'étude, la richesse spécifique a variée de façon saisonnière et tendait à être maximale durant la période de succès de capture maximale. Le succès de capture des quatre espèces les plus abondantes (Hylomyscus stella, Hybomys univittatus, Heimsycus fumosus et Praomys cf. misonnei) a varié de façon unimodale, en raison des variations d'activité reproductrice et de survie, avec un minimum aux alentours de la grande saison des pluies et un maximum soit en petite saison des pluies, soit au début de la grande saison sèche. L'amplitude de ces variations variant entre les espèces; il en a résulté des variations saisonnières d'abondance relative des espèces. Nos résultats sont en accord avec l'hypothèse selon laquelle, sous les tropiques, les précipitations et leurs conséquences sur l'abondance des fruits et des insectes sont des facteurs importants qui peuvent agir soit directement soit indirectement pour déclencher l'activité reproductrice de façon à ce que la lactation ait lieu au moment où l'abondance de la nourriture est maximale. Enfin, des différences intra-populationnelles de l'âge à la maturité sexuelle ont été observées, non seulement entre les sexes, mais également entre individus du même sexe.

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cover image Canadian Journal of Zoology
Canadian Journal of Zoology
Volume 81Number 6June 2003
Pages: 1034 - 1046

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Version of record online: 15 February 2011

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