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Future emissions from Canadian boreal forest fires

Publication: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
7 February 2009

Abstract

New estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from Canadian forest fires were calculated based on a revised model for fuel consumption, using both the fire fuel load and the Drought Code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. This model was applied to future climate scenarios of 2×CO2 and 3×CO2 environments using the Canadian Global Climate Model. Total forest floor fuel consumption for six boreal ecozones was estimated at 60, 80, and 117 Tg dry biomass for the 1×CO2, 2×CO2, and 3×CO2 scenarios, respectively. These ecozones cover the boreal and taiga regions and account for about 86% of the total fire consumption for Canada. Almost all of the increase in fuel consumption for future climates is caused by an increase in the area burned. The effect of more severe fuel consumption density (kilograms of fuel consumed per square metre) is relatively small, ranging from 0% to 18%, depending on the ecozone. The emissions of greenhouse gases from all Canadian fires are estimated to increase from about 162 Tg·year–1 of CO2 equivalent in the 1×CO2 scenario to 313 Tg·year–1 of CO2 equivalent in the 3×CO2 scenario, including contributions from CO2, CH4, and N2O.

Résumé

De nouvelles estimations des émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant des incendies de forêt au Canada ont été calculées sur la base d’un modèle révisé de consommation des combustibles en utilisant à la fois la charge de combustible et l’indice de sécheresse de la méthode canadienne de l’indice forêt-météo. Ce modèle a été appliqué aux scénarios climatiques futurs dans un environnement contenant deux (2×CO2) ou trois (3×CO2) fois la quantité normale (1×CO2) de CO2 en utilisant le modèle climatique mondial canadien. La consommation totale de combustibles de la couverture morte pour six écozones boréales a été estimée à 60, 80 et 117 Tg de biomasse sèche respectivement pour les scénarios 1×CO2, 2×CO2 et 3×CO2. Ces écozones couvrent la région boréale et celle de la taïga et représentent environ 86 % de la consommation totale de combustibles par le feu au Canada. Presque toute l’augmentation de la consommation de combustibles dans les conditions climatiques futures est causée par une augmentation de la superficie brûlée. L’effet d’une plus forte densité de consommation de combustibles (kilogrammes de combustibles consumés par mètre carré) est relativement faible, variant de 0 à 18 % selon l’écozone. On estime que les émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant de tous les incendies au Canada augmentent de 162 Tg en équivalent CO2·an–1 environ avec le scénario 1×CO2 à 313 Tg en équivalent CO2·an–1 avec le scénario 3×CO2, incluant la contribution du CO2, du CH4 et du N2O.

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Published In

cover image Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Volume 39Number 2February 2009
Pages: 383 - 395

History

Received: 11 February 2008
Accepted: 6 October 2008
Version of record online: 7 February 2009

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Affiliations

Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
A. Cantin
Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.
M.D. Flannigan
Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.
W.J. de Groot
Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada.

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