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Long-term effects of fire on the composition and activity of the soil microflora of a subalpine, coniferous forest

Publication: Canadian Journal of Botany
August 1980

Abstract

The biomass, community composition, and metabolic activity of soil microorganisms were studied in adjacent burnt and unburnt areas of spruce–fir subalpine forest razed 6 years previously by a moderately severe natural fire. Similar levels of microbial biomass were observed at comparable burnt and unburnt sites, although the ratio of fungal to bacterial biomass was higher in the unburnt soils. The decreased acidity of the surface horizons in the burn probably tended to favor the development of a bacterial flora rather than a fungal flora. Microbial biomass in the burnt sites peaked earlier in the season than in the unburnt sites in response to the warmer soil temperatures and earlier thaw in the spring in the burn area.Significant differences in the species composition of the mycoflora in the organic soil horizons were observed between the burnt and unburnt sites. Apparently, these were related to qualitative differences in the recent litter. Phoma, Cladosporium, and Botrytis, which are usually associated with early stages of decomposition of herbaceous litter, were more common in the burnt soil. The mycoflora of the mineral soil horizons varied considerably from one burn site to another, possibly reflecting the geographical variation in the intensity of the burn. In overall composition, however, the mycoflora in the mineral soil horizons of the burn was not appreciably different from that of the unburnt sites.Higher laboratory rates of respiration and cellulose decomposition were observed for soil samples from the undisturbed forest. However, the rate of decomposition of cellulose in the field was much higher in the burnt sites, probably as a result of the higher soil temperatures in the burn area. Low soil temperature was concluded to be the main factor limiting microbial activities in the study area, and the removal of the insulating plant canopy and increased heat absorption by the ash in the burn area were found to increase decomposition rates, at least at this stage in the succession following the disturbance of fire.

Résumé

La biomasse, la composition de la communauté et l'activité métabolique des microorganismes du sol ont été étudiées dans des régions adjacentes incendiées et non incendiées d'une forêt subalpine d'épinette et sapin; cette forêt avait été brûlée 6 ans plus tôt par un incendie naturel de sévérité modérée. La biomasse microbienne présente des niveaux semblables dans des sites comparables incendiés et non incendiés, mais le rapport de la biomasse fongique sur la biomasse bactérienne est plus élevé dans les sols non incendiés. L'acidité moindre des horizons de surface dans le brûlé favorise probablement le développement d'une flore bactérienne plutôt que d'une flore fongique. La biomasse microbienne dans les sites incendiés atteint son maximum plus tôt au cours de la saison que dans les sites non incendiés, en réponse aux températures plus chaudes du sol et au dégel printannier plus hâtif dans la région incendiée.On observe des différences significatives dans la composition spécifique de la mycoflore des horizons organiques du sol, entre les sites incendiés et les sites non incendiés. Apparemment, ces différences sont reliées à des différences qualitatives dans la litière récente. Phoma, Cladosporium et Botrytis, qui sont habituellement associés aux premiers stades de la décomposition de la litière, sont plus communs dans le sol brûlé. La mycoflore des horizons minéraux du sol varie beaucoup d'un site incendié à l'autre, ce qui reflète possiblement une variation géographique dans l'intensité du feu. Cependant, pour l'ensemble de la composition spécifique, la mycoflore des horizons minéraux du sol ne montre pas de différences appréciables entre les sites incendiés et les sites non incendiés.Les taux de respiration et de décomposition de la cellulose au laboratoire sont plus élevés dans les échantillons de sol provenant de sites forestiers non perturbés. Cependant, le taux de décomposition de la cellulose sur le terrain est beaucoup plus élevé dans les sites incendiés, probablement parce que la température du sol est plus élevée dans ces sites. On conclut que la basse température du sol est le principal facteur qui limite les activités microbiennes dans la région étudiée, et que la disparition de la couverture végétale isolante et l'absorption accrue de chaleur par les cendres dans la région incendiée augmentent les taux de décomposition, du moins à cette étape de la succession après une perturbation par le feu. [Traduit par le journal]

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cover image Canadian Journal of Botany
Canadian Journal of Botany
Volume 58Number 15August 1980
Pages: 1704 - 1721

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Version of record online: 30 January 2011

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