Free AccessResearch Article

Tools

Facebook
Twitter
Linked In
Mendeley
Reddit

Free AccessResearch Article

PDF/EPUB

Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Cardiac Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

Carlos M. Ferrario

Carlos M. Ferrario

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

Jewell Jessup

Jewell Jessup

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

Mark C. Chappell

Mark C. Chappell

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

David B. Averill

David B. Averill

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

K. Bridget Brosnihan

K. Bridget Brosnihan

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

E. Ann Tallant

E. Ann Tallant

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

Debra I. Diz

Debra I. Diz

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

and

Patricia E. Gallagher

Patricia E. Gallagher

From the Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.

Search for more papers by this author

Originally published16 May 2005https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510461Circulation. 2005;111:2605–2610

Other version(s) of this article
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions:
  - May 16, 2005: Previous Version 1

Abstract

Background— Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a novel regulator of cardiac function and arterial pressure by converting angiotensin II (Ang II) into the vasodilator and antitrophic heptapeptide, angiotensin-(1–7) [Ang-(1–7)]. As the only known human homolog of ACE, the demonstration that ACE2 is insensitive to blockade by ACE inhibitors prompted us to define the effect of ACE inhibition on the ACE2 gene.

Methods and Results— Blood pressure, cardiac rate, and plasma and cardiac tissue levels of Ang II and Ang-(1–7), together with cardiac ACE2, neprilysin, Ang II type 1 receptor (AT₁), and mas receptor mRNAs, were measured in Lewis rats 12 days after continuous administration of vehicle, lisinopril, losartan, or both drugs combined in their drinking water. Equivalent decreases in blood pressure were obtained in rats given lisinopril or losartan alone or in combination. ACE inhibitor therapy caused a 1.8-fold increase in plasma Ang-(1–7), decreased plasma Ang II, and increased cardiac ACE2 mRNA but not cardiac ACE2 activity. Losartan increased plasma levels of both Ang II and Ang-(1–7), as well as cardiac ACE2 mRNA and cardiac ACE2 activity. Combination therapy duplicated the effects found in rats medicated with lisinopril, except that cardiac ACE2 mRNA fell to values found in vehicle-treated rats. Losartan treatment but not lisinopril increased cardiac tissue levels of Ang II and Ang-(1–7), whereas none of the treatments had an effect on cardiac neprilysin mRNA.

Conclusions— Selective blockade of either Ang II synthesis or activity induced increases in cardiac ACE2 gene expression and cardiac ACE2 activity, whereas the combination of losartan and lisinopril was associated with elevated cardiac ACE2 activity but not cardiac ACE2 mRNA. Although the predominant effect of ACE inhibition may result from the combined effect of reduced Ang II formation and Ang-(1–7) metabolism, the antihypertensive action of AT₁ antagonists may in part be due to increased Ang II metabolism by ACE2.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a carboxymonopeptidase with a preference for hydrolysis between proline and carboxy-terminal hydrophobic residues^1,2 that is found both as a membrane-associated and as a secreted enzyme in cardiovascular, neuronal, and reproductive organs.^1,3,4 Although ACE2 shares 42% sequence identity and 61% sequence similarity with ACE,^5–9 ACE2 activity is not prevented by ACE inhibition because the active site of the enzyme in which the S2′ pocket resides is smaller than the corresponding pocket in ACE.¹⁰ The early suggestion that ACE2 participated in the cleavage of angiotensin I (Ang I) into the nonapeptide Ang-(1–9)¹ was not confirmed by more rigorous studies of the kinetics of angiotensin peptide metabolism. Vickers et al⁹ and Rice et al¹⁰ showed that Ang I is hydrolyzed very slowly by ACE2, whereas Ang II was hydrolyzed into Ang-(1–7), with the highest catalytic efficiency seen for any of the angiotensin peptides. Genetic studies and ablation of the ACE2 gene in mice suggest that ACE2 may play a critical role in the regulation of cardiac function, because ACE2-null mice exhibited a phenotype of cardiomyopathy associated with left ventricular dysfunction.¹¹ Moreover, renal ACE2 gene expression was significantly reduced in salt-sensitive Sabra hypertensive rats and both spontaneously hypertensive and stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats.¹¹

The discovery of ACE2’s preferential catalytic activity for Ang II conversion to Ang-(1–7) brought to the forefront the complexity of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate the kinetics of angiotensin peptide formation and metabolism. In addition, identification of ACE2 provided a more solid foundation for a physiological role for Ang-(1–7) in counteracting the vasopressor and growth-promoting cellular actions of Ang II.¹² In this emerging field of ACE2 research, limited information currently exists about the mechanisms for the regulation of ACE2 in both physiology and pathology. Evidence of a role for ACE2 in the human heart is provided by (1) the study of Crackower et al¹¹ in ACE2-null mice, (2) the demonstration that Ang-(1–7) was increased in the hearts of patients receiving ACE inhibitors,¹³ and (3) the finding of ACE2 upregulation in ventricular membrane preparations from failing human heart ventricles.¹⁴ On the other hand, a report by Campbell and associates¹⁵ implied that there was a minor role for ACE2 in Ang-(1–7) formation in subjects with heart failure. Technical limitations, the presence of confounding treatments among subjects included in the studies, and the pooling of data from subjects medicated with various ACE inhibitors significantly limit interpretation of these data.

A potential role for ACE2 in contributing to the cardioprotective effect of Ang-(1–7) was demonstrated by Loot et al,¹⁶ who found that long-term infusions of Ang-(1–7) reversed cardiac dysfunction and restored vascular endothelial responses in animals after myocardial infarction. The findings that Ang-(1–7) has antiarrhythmic actions¹⁷ and that ischemia caused significant increases in Ang-(1–7) in myocytes within the noninfarcted regions of the cardiac ventricle¹⁸ indicated a need to investigate a potential role for ACE2 in regulating the formation of Ang-(1–7) from Ang II.

The present investigation is based on our recent finding that administration of either losartan or olmesartan for 28 days after coronary artery ligation was accompanied by upregulation of cardiac ACE2 mRNA associated with increases in plasma Ang-(1–7) levels.¹⁹ The present study was designed to answer 2 questions: (1) Is the effect of long-term Ang II type 1 (AT₁) receptor blockade influenced by the cardiac remodeling induced by myocardial ischemia? (2) Would blockade of Ang II synthesis cause a similar effect? To answer these questions, we examined the independent effects of 12-day administration of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril and the AT₁ receptor blocker losartan on blood pressure and on plasma and cardiac tissue concentrations of Ang II and Ang-(1–7), as well as the expression of ACE, ACE2, neprilysin, and the AT₁ and mas receptor mRNAs in the ventricles of Lewis normotensive rats. In addition, similar measures were determined in animals with combined exposure to both lisinopril and losartan. The rigorous examination of these questions included direct assessment of ACE2 activity in cardiac membranes obtained from the same animals given the various medications.

Methods

Animals

Male Lewis rats (270 to 280 g; Charles River Laboratory, Wilmington, Mass) were housed in individual cages (12-hour light/dark cycle) with ad libitum access to rat chow and tap water. Procedures complied with the policies implemented by our institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

Experimental Protocol

Thirty-six normotensive rats (age range, 8 to 10 weeks) were randomly assigned to drink either tap water (vehicle, n=12) or tap water to which lisinopril (10 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹, n=8), losartan (10 mg · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹, n=8), or both drugs at the same doses (n=8) were added to their drinking water for 12 consecutive days.

During the treatment period, tail-cuff systolic blood pressure was determined for 3 days before and at regular intervals after commencement of the medications. At the end of the treatment period, rats were anesthetized with halothane (1.5%, Halocarbon Laboratories) for direct measurement of arterial pressure and heart rate with a catheter-tip pressure transducer inserted into a carotid artery (model SPR-671, Millar Instrument Co). A 5-mL sample of arterial blood was obtained for laboratory measurements, and after this procedure, deeply anesthetized rats were humanely killed by cardiopulmonary excision. The heart was rinsed in saline, and the cardiac ventricles were separated from the atria, weighed, and cut transversely from apex to base. A segment of the ventricles was quick-frozen in LN₂ and stored at −80°C, whereas the remaining tissue was frozen in dry ice for later analysis of angiotensin peptide content.

Biochemistry

Blood was collected into chilled blood-collection tubes containing a mixture of peptidase inhibitors: 25 mmol/L EDTA, 0.44 mmol/L 1,20-orthophenanthrolene monohydrate (Sigma), 1 mmol/L sodium parachloromercuribenzoate, and 3 μmol/L WFML (rat renin inhibitor: acetyl-His-Pro-Phe-Val-Statine-Leu-Phe). After 30 minutes on ice, blood cells were isolated by centrifugation at 3000g for 20 minutes, and aliquots of plasma were stored at −80°C until use. Frozen tissues were rapidly weighed and homogenized as described elsewhere.¹⁹ Plasma and cardiac tissue homogenates were extracted on Sep-Pack columns. The eluate was divided for the assay of Ang II and Ang-(1–7) as described.¹⁹ Recovery of radiolabeled peptide averaged >65%, and results were corrected for recovery. Ang II was measured with the Alpoc Diagnostics kit. Ang-(1–7) was measured with an antibody produced by our laboratory.¹⁹ The minimum detectable levels of the assays were 0.8 pg/mL for Ang II and 2.5 pg/mL for Ang-(1–7). The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation for Ang II were 12% and 22%, and for Ang-(1–7) were 8% and 20%, respectively. ACE activity was determined in plasma samples by a fluorometric assay, as reported elsewhere.²⁰

A new method is described here for the measurement of ACE2 activity, based on determining the rate of exogenous ¹²⁵I-Ang II conversion to ¹²⁵I-Ang-(1–7) in cardiac membranes isolated from contiguous regions of the left ventricle. Cardiac tissue was weighed and homogenized in 10 mmol/L HEPES (pH 7.4), 120 mmol/L NaCl, and 10 μmol/L ZnCl₂ and centrifuged at 30 000g for 20 minutes. The supernatant was removed, and the membranes were resuspended in the aforementioned buffer containing 0.5% Triton X-100 and incubated overnight on ice at 4°C. After centrifugation, the soluble portion was incubated with ¹²⁵I-Ang II (2×10⁶ counts per minute, 2200 Curies/mmol) in the HEPES buffer containing 10 μmol/L amastatin, bestatin, SCH39370 (neprilysin inhibitor), chymostatin, lisinopril, benzyl succinate, and Z-prolyl prolinal at 37°C from 10 to 120 minutes, and the reaction was terminated by addition of 1% phosphoric acid. The samples were centrifuged and the supernatants were filtered through a 0.22-μm membrane before high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Ang-(1–7) was resolved from Ang II on a reverse-phase HPLC apparatus (Shimadzu) equipped with a Waters NovaPak C18 column (2.1×150 mm). We used a linear gradient from 10% to 25% mobile phase B for 20 minutes and an isocratic phase at 25% for 15 minutes at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min at ambient temperature. The solvent system consisted of 0.1% phosphoric acid (mobile phase A) and 80% acetonitrile/0.1% phosphoric acid (mobile phase B).²¹ The eluted radioactive peaks were identified with an in-line gamma detector (BioScan), and the data were analyzed with Shimadzu (version 7.2.1) acquisition software. ACE2 activity was expressed as the amount of Ang-(1–7) generated per minute per milligram of protein that was inhibited by addition of 10 μmol/L of the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760.²²¹²⁵I-Ang II was iodinated by the chloramine T method and purified by HPLC.²¹

RNA Isolation and Reverse Transcriptase/Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

RNA was isolated from heart tissue with Trizol reagent (GIBCO Invitrogen). RNA concentration and integrity were assessed on an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer with an RNA 6000 Nano LabChip (Agilent Technologies), and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. The results were quantified as Ct values, where Ct is defined as the threshold cycle of the polymerase chain reaction at which the amplified product is first detected, and expressed as the ratio of target to control.

Statistical Analysis

All values are expressed as mean±SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by a 2-tailed Student t test was used for comparing the differences at a probability value <0.05.

Results

Comparable decreases in tail-cuff systolic arterial pressure were obtained in Lewis rats medicated with lisinopril, losartan, or both drugs in combination (Figure 1). Treatments had no effect on cardiac rate.

**Figure 1.** Time course of tail-cuff systolic blood pressure in conscious, normotensive, Lewis rats given vehicle, lisinopril, losartan, or both drugs for 12 days. Values are mean±SEM. *P<0.05 compared with all other groups.

Figure 2 shows the effects of the treatments on plasma concentrations of Ang II and Ang-(1–7). As documented in previous studies,²³ plasma Ang II and Ang-(1–7) levels were comparable in vehicle-treated rats, averaging 54±8 fmol/mL and 31±7 fmol/mL, respectively (P>0.05). This was also reflected in the ratio of Ang-(1–7) to Ang II, which in this group averaged 0.83±0.16. Twelve days of ACE inhibitor therapy caused significant decreases in plasma Ang II and a 252% rise in plasma Ang-(1–7) concentration. Losartan-treatment caused a 516% increase in plasma Ang II levels and a 65% rise in plasma Ang-(1–7) when compared with vehicle-treated rats. Combination therapy mimicked the effects obtained in rats medicated with lisinopril alone, because plasma Ang II was again reduced below the values obtained in vehicle-treated rats, whereas plasma Ang-(1–7) levels rose to values not different from those in lisinopril-treated rats. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, the Ang-(1–7):Ang II ratio in lisinopril-treated rats rose to 3.57±0.28 (P<0.001), whereas it decreased to 0.16±0.02 in rats medicated with losartan (P<0.001). In animals receiving combination therapy, the Ang-(1–7):Ang II ratio averaged 4.87±0.28 (P<0.05). Plasma ACE activity in animals given lisinopril or both drugs in combination was reduced by 93% and 92%, respectively, when compared with vehicle-treated animals (57.9±4.8 nmol · min⁻¹ · mL⁻¹, P<0.001). In rats medicated with losartan, plasma ACE activity (49.8±4.1 nmol · min⁻¹ · mL⁻¹) was not different from that in vehicle-treated controls (P>0.05).

**Figure 2.** Plasma concentrations of Ang II and Ang-(1–7) in normotensive Lewis rats given either vehicle or medication(s) for 12 days. Values are mean±SEM. *P<0.05 vs vehicle; #P<0.05 vs lisinopril; ♦P<0.05 vs losartan.

Figure 3 shows that in vehicle-treated rats, cardiac levels of both Ang II and Ang-(1–7) were present at concentrations approximately 10-fold lower than those in plasma. In vehicle-treated rats, cardiac Ang II and Ang-(1–7) were present at comparable concentrations, as reflected by a 1.07±0.13 Ang-(1–7):Ang II ratio. ACE inhibition had no effect on the concentrations of Ang II and Ang-(1–7) in the left ventricle, although the Ang-(1–7):Ang II ratio increased to 1.57±0.37 (P>0.05). Blockade of AT₁ receptors with losartan was associated with significant increases in left ventricular levels of both Ang II and Ang-(1–7) and, indicative of their parallel increase, the Ang-(1–7):Ang II ratio rose to 1.21±0.17. Combination therapy reduced the cardiac concentration of Ang II to values comparable to those found in vehicle- and lisinopril-treated rats, whereas cardiac Ang-(1–7) levels remained significantly elevated compared with those in vehicle-treated animals. As a result of the inverse changes in Ang II and Ang-(1–7), the Ang-(1–7):Ang II ratio in the left ventricles of rats medicated with both lisinopril and losartan rose to 2.30±0.92.

**Figure 3.** Cardiac tissue concentrations of Ang II and Ang-(1–7) in normotensive Lewis rats given either vehicle or medication(s) for 12 days. Values are mean±SEM. *P<0.05 vs vehicle; #P<0.05 vs lisinopril.

Figure 4 documents that the various medications had no significant effect on the expression of ACE mRNA in the left ventricles of Lewis rats, whereas cardiac ACE2 mRNA increased by 4.7-fold or 2.8-fold in rats medicated with either lisinopril or losartan, respectively. Combination therapy reduced cardiac tissue ACE2 mRNA levels to values not different from those in vehicle-treated rats. The various treatments had no effect on neprilysin mRNA, whereas cardiac mas receptor mRNA, implicated as a site for Ang-(1–7) binding,²⁴ was decreased significantly in rats given losartan (0.58±0.12 versus 1.04±0.13 U in vehicle-treated rats, P<0.02). Cardiac AT₂ mRNA was not detected in any of the rats assigned to the various regimens.

**Figure 4.** Expression of ACE2 and ACE genes in left ventricle of Lewis rats given either the vehicle or various medication(s) for 12 days. Values are mean±SEM. *P<0.05 vs vehicle; #P<0.05 vs lisinopril; ♦P<0.05 vs losartan.

Figure 5 contrasts the effects of lisinopril and losartan, given alone or in combination, on cardiac ACE2 activity. Rats medicated with losartan or the combination of losartan and lisinopril showed significant increases in ACE2 activity, whereas ACE2 activity did not change in the lisinopril-treated group.

**Figure 5.** Effects of various treatments on ACE2 activity in Lewis rats. Values are mean±SEM. *P<0.05 vs vehicle; #P<0.05 versus lisinopril.

Discussion

In this study in Lewis rats, we rigorously examined the comparative effect of 12-day treatment with an ACE inhibitor, an AT₁ receptor blocker, or both drugs combined on plasma and cardiac levels of Ang II and Ang-(1–7) and the expression of ACE and ACE2 in their hearts. Although the findings of the present study are consistent with our previous demonstration that blockade of AT₁ receptors is accompanied by a significant increase in cardiac ACE2 mRNA,¹⁹ we now report that inhibition of Ang II synthesis also increases cardiac ACE2 gene transcription. Although ACE2 activity is not inhibited by ACE inhibitors,¹⁰ the new finding suggests that a product resulting from inhibition of the hydrolytic activity of ACE regulates ACE2 mRNA but not ACE2 activity. Direct assessment of the endogenous metabolism of Ang II to Ang-(1–7), as reflected by the measurement of ACE2 activity in cardiac membranes from the same animals, showed that the increase in cardiac ACE2 mRNA was correlated with increased cardiac ACE2 activity in animals medicated with losartan and in those receiving both medications. The increase in cardiac ACE2 mRNA induced by blockade of Ang II production or activity was not caused by a hemodynamic effect of the drugs, because all treatment combinations produced comparable decreases in blood pressure. Furthermore, neither losartan nor lisinopril induced changes in cardiac neprilysin mRNA (data not shown), a primary pathway for the conversion of circulating Ang I to Ang-(1–7).²⁵ Although the effect of the treatments on cardiac ACE2 mRNA may be best explained by a negative-feedback signal mediated by AT₁ receptor modulation of the ACE2 gene, our findings do not exclude the possibility of a more complex signaling mechanism involving a negative effect of Ang-(1–7) on AT₁ receptors or alternatively, an action of another unidentified product hydrolyzed by ACE2.

Blockade of AT₁ receptors with either losartan or olmesartan induced significant increases in ACE2 mRNA in the viable myocardium of rats given the drugs for the first 28 days after coronary artery ligation.¹⁹ The present experiments confirmed a direct effect of the AT₁ receptor in the modulation of cardiac ACE2 mRNA while now also documenting a comparable effect of ACE inhibition on cardiac ACE2 mRNA. Correlative determinations of ACE2 activity in cardiac membranes from left ventricles showed increased ACE2 activity in rats medicated with either losartan or the combination of lisinopril and losartan. Because cardiac ACE2 activity was measured as the rate at which Ang II was converted to Ang-(1–7), these findings suggest a key role for ACE2 in the metabolism of cardiac Ang II after blockade of AT₁ receptors. The specificity of the ACE2 assay was further demonstrated by inhibition of Ang II metabolism in the presence of the selective ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760.²² Therefore, our findings are concordant with the suggestion that ACE2 is involved in the conversion of Ang II to Ang-(1–7).

There was a lack of concordance between increased ACE2 mRNA and ACE2 activity in rats medicated with lisinopril alone or in those receiving combination therapies. In rats medicated with lisinopril, increased cardiac ACE2 gene transcription did not elicit a comparable increase in ACE2 activity. The addition of lisinopril to animals receiving losartan abolished the increase in ACE2 mRNA, although ACE2 activity remained as high as that found in animals given losartan alone. The absence of parallelism between gene expression and protein levels has been documented in many studies; therefore, it is not surprising that we did not find a direct correlation between cardiac ACE2 mRNA and cardiac ACE2 activity. Although our experiments do not shed light on the mechanism(s) that may account for these differences, some insight may be gained by examining the effects of lisinopril on plasma and cardiac tissue levels of Ang II and Ang-(1–7). As reported elsewhere,^26,27 ACE inhibition alone or in combination with losartan²⁰ increases plasma Ang-(1–7) while abating plasma Ang II. This was reflected by a 358% increase in the Ang-(1–7):Ang II ratio. Because ACE is the primary pathway for the metabolism of Ang-(1–7),²⁵ blood levels of Ang-(1–7) may predominantly reflect inhibition of Ang-(1–7) metabolism by ACE. Rice et al¹⁰ showed that Ang-(1–7) did not inhibit cleavage of Ang II by ACE2. In agreement with these findings, we showed that Ang II downregulates ACE2 mRNA in astrocytes and neonatal rat myocytes in culture, an action that is blocked by the AT₁ receptor antagonists losartan and valsartan but not the AT₂ receptor antagonist PD123319.^4,28 These findings suggest that reduced plasma Ang II levels during ACE therapy may be a stimulus for increased ACE2 mRNA. Further work will be necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which lisinopril influences transcriptional control of ACE2 without changes in ACE2 activity. The reduced ACE2 gene expression when lisinopril was added to losartan suggests that ACE inhibitor therapy can override the signal that modulates ACE2 mRNA. It should not be ignored that ACE2 can act on several substrates, although the efficiency of the catalytic conversion for Ang II is among the highest.^9,10 We did not measure plasma or cardiac tissue levels of Ang-(1–9), because recent studies indicate that ACE2 makes little if any contribution to Ang I metabolism.^9,10,15

It could be argued that if ACE2 plays a critical role in Ang II metabolism, changes in the tissue concentration of the angiotensins would reflect the influence of ACE2 on peptide concentrations within the heart. In human atrial tissue, ACE inhibition did not alter cardiac levels of Ang-(1–7), although it increased plasma Ang-(1–7) levels.²⁶ In accord with previous findings,^29–32 the contrasting effects of the therapies on plasma and tissue angiotensins suggest that the cardiac and circulating renin-angiotensin systems are independently regulated. Nevertheless, in our experiments, both losartan and the combination treatments produced significant increases in cardiac tissue Ang-(1–7) in parallel with augmented cardiac ACE2 activity. These data suggest that ACE2 was involved in increasing the content of cardiac Ang-(1–7) through increased Ang II metabolism after AT₁ blockade.

The effects of 12-day therapy with lisinopril and losartan on cardiac ACE2 mRNA are rather specific, because cardiac ACE and neprilysin mRNAs were not changed in any of the treatment conditions. Further corroboration of the selective role of the AT₁ receptor in mediating the changes in cardiac ACE2 mRNA was gained by measures of mas receptor mRNA, which only changed in rats medicated with losartan. In a previous study, we found that increased expression of ACE2 mRNA in the heart after AT₁ receptor blockade could not be explained by an effect of Ang II on AT₂ receptors because concomitant administration of PD123319 had no effect.¹⁹ Therefore, these data suggest that Ang II modulates ACE2 mRNA by interacting with AT₁ receptors, although this is not the only mechanism that may account for the changes observed in the present experiments.

In summary, 12-day administration of agents that either inhibit the synthesis of circulating Ang II or block the activity of Ang II at the AT₁ receptor induced an increase in cardiac ACE2 mRNA, accompanied by increases in cardiac membrane ACE2 activity in rats medicated with either losartan or both losartan and lisinopril. The data presented in this study suggest that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors or AT₁ receptor blockers in terms of tilting the balance between vasopressor and vasodilator mechanisms wherein Ang-(1–7) is implicated may occur through different mechanisms. Although the predominant effect of ACE inhibition may result from the combined effect of reduced Ang II formation and Ang-(1–7) metabolism, the antihypertensive action of AT₁ antagonists may in part be due to increased Ang II metabolism by ACE2.

The work described herein was supported in part by grants HL-51952, HL-068258, HL-56973, HL-67363, and HL-42631 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and American Heart Association grant AHA-151521. An unrestricted grant from Unifi Corp (Greensboro, NC) is also acknowledged.

Footnotes

Correspondence to Carlos M. Ferrario, MD, Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. E-mail [email protected]

References

1 Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, Godbout K, Gosselin M, Stagliano N, Donovan M, Woolf B, Robinson K, Jeyaseelan R, Breitbart RE, Acton S. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme–related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1–9. Circ Res. 2000; 87: e1–e9.Link Google Scholar
2 Tipnis SR, Hooper NM, Hyde R, Karran E, Christie G, Turner AJ. A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme: cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2000; 275: 33238–32343.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
3 Brosnihan KB, Neves LA, Joyner J, Averill DB, Chappell MC, Sarao R, Penninger J, Ferrario CM. Enhanced renal immunocytochemical expression of ANG-(1–7) and ACE2 during pregnancy. Hypertension. 2003; 42: 749–753.Link Google Scholar
4 Gallagher PE, Chappell MC, Bernish WB, Tallant EA. ACE2 expression in brain: angiotensin II downregulates ACE2 in astrocytes. Hypertension. 2003; 42: 389. Abstract.Google Scholar
5 Guy JL, Jackson RM, Acharya KR, Sturrock ED, Hooper NM, Turner AJ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2): comparative modeling of the active site, specificity requirements, and chloride dependence. Biochemistry. 2003; 42: 13185–13192.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
6 Prabakaran P, Xiao X, Dimitrov DS. A model of the ACE2 structure and function as a SARS-CoV receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004; 314: 235–241.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
7 Towler P, Staker B, Prasad SG, Menon S, Tang J, Parsons T, Ryan D, Fisher M, Williams D, Dales NA, Patane MA, Pantoliano MW. ACE2 X-ray structures reveal a large hinge-bending motion important for inhibitor binding and catalysis. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279: 17996–18007.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
8 Turner AJ, Tipnis SR, Guy JL, Rice G, Hooper NM. ACEH/ACE2 is a novel mammalian metallocarboxypeptidase and a homologue of angiotensin-converting enzyme insensitive to ACE inhibitors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2002; 80: 346–353.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
9 Vickers C, Hales P, Kaushik V, Dick L, Gavin J, Tang J, Godbout K, Parsons T, Baronas E, Hsieh F, Acton S, Patane M, Nichols A, Tummino P. Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin converting enzyme–related carboxypeptidase. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277: 14838–14843.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
10 Rice GI, Thomas DA, Grant PJ, Turner AJ, Hooper NM. Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism. Biochem J. 2004; 383 (pt 1): 45–51.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
11 Crackower MA, Sarao R, Oudit GY Yagil C, Kozieradzki I, Scanga SE, Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ, da Costa J, Zhang L, Pei Y, Scholey J, Ferrario CM, Manoukian AS, Chappell MC, Backx PH, Yagil Y, Penninger JM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function. Nature. 2002; 417: 822–828.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
12 Ferrario CM, Chappell MC, Tallant EA, Brosnihan KB, Diz DI. Counterregulatory actions of angiotensin-(1–7). Hypertension. 1997; 30 (pt 2): 535–541.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
13 Zisman LS, Meixell GE, Bristow MR, Canver CC. Angiotensin-(1–7) formation in the intact human heart: in vivo dependence on angiotensin II as substrate. Circulation. 2003; 108: 1679–1681.Link Google Scholar
14 Zisman LS, Keller RS, Weaver B, Lin Q, Speth R, Bristow MR, Canver CC. Increased angiotensin-(1–7)–forming activity in failing human heart ventricles: evidence for upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme homologue ACE2. Circulation. 2003; 108: 1707–1712.Link Google Scholar
15 Campbell DJ, Zeitz CJ, Esler MD, Horowitz JD. Evidence against a major role for angiotensin converting enzyme–related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) in angiotensin peptide metabolism in the human coronary circulation. J Hypertens. 2004; 22: 1971–1976.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
16 Loot AE, Roks AJ, Henning RH, Tio RA, Suurmeijer AJ, Boomsma F, van Gilst WH. Angiotensin-(1–7) attenuates the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats. Circulation. 2002; 105: 1548–1550.Link Google Scholar
17 Ferreira AJ, Santos RA, Almeida AP. Angiotensin-(1–7): cardioprotective effect in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Hypertension. 2001; 38 (pt 2): 665–658.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
18 Averill DB, Ishiyama Y, Chappell MC, Ferrario CM. Cardiac angiotensin-(1–7) in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2003; 108: 2141–2146.Link Google Scholar
19 Ishiyama Y, Gallagher PE, Averill DB, Tallant EA, Brosnihan KB, Ferrario CM. Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors. Hypertension. 2004; 43: 970–976.Link Google Scholar
20 Iyer SN, Chappell MC, Averill DB, Diz DI, Ferrario CM. Vasodepressor actions of angiotensin-(1–7) unmasked during combined treatment with lisinopril and losartan. Hypertension. 1998; 31: 699–705.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
21 Allred AJ, Diz DI, Ferrario CM, Chappell MC. Pathways for angiotensin-(1–7) metabolism in pulmonary and renal tissues. Am J Physiol. 2000; 279: F841–F850.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
22 Dales NA, Gould AE, Brown JA, Calderwood EF, Guan B, Minor CA, Gavin JM, Hales P, Kaushik VK, Stewart M, Tummino PJ, Vickers CS, Ocain TD, Patane MA. Substrate-based design of the first class of angiotensin-converting enzyme–related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc. 2002; 124: 11852–11853.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
23 Iyer SN, Ferrario CM, Chappell MC. Angiotensin-(1–7) contributes to the antihypertensive effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension. 1998; 31 (pt 2): 356–361.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
24 Santos RA, Simoes E, Silva AC, Maric C, Silva D, Machado RP, de Buhr I, Heringer-Walther S, Pinheiro SV, Lopes MT, Bader M, Mendes EP, Lemos VS, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Schultheiss HP, Speth R, Walther T. Angiotensin-(1–7) is an endogenous ligand for the G protein–coupled receptor Mas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100: 8258–8263.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
25 Chappell MC, Pirro NT, Sykes A, Ferrario CM. Metabolism of angiotensin-(1–7) by angiotensin converting enzyme. Hypertension. 1998; 31 (pt 2): 362–367.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
26 Duncan AM, Burrell LM, Kladis A, Campbell DJ. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on angiotensin and bradykinin peptides in rats with myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1996; 28: 746–754.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
27 Luque M, Martin P, Martell N, Fernandez C, Brosnihan KB, Ferrario CM. Effects of captopril related to increased levels of prostacyclin and angiotensin-(1–7) in essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 1996; 14: 799–805.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
28 Tallant EA, Chappell MC, Ferrario CM, Gallagher PE. ACE2 expression in cardiac cells: angiotensin II downregulates ace2 in myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Hypertension. 2004; 44: 538. Abstract.Google Scholar
29 Amedeo MP, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Vanni S, Polidori G, Bertolozzi I, Perna AM, Formigli L, Cecioni I, Coppo M, Boddi M, Serneri GG. Release of preformed Ang II from myocytes mediates angiotensinogen and ET-1 gene overexpression in vivo via AT1 receptor. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2002; 34: 1491–1500.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
30 Baker KM, Booz GW, Dostal DE. Cardiac actions of angiotensin II: role of an intracardiac renin-angiotensin system. Annu Rev Physiol. 1992; 54: 227–241.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
31 Dostal DE, Baker KM. The cardiac renin-angiotensin system: conceptual, or a regulator of cardiac function? Circ Res. 1999; 85: 643–650.Crossref Medline Google Scholar
32 Serneri GG, Boddi M, Cecioni I, Vanni S, Coppo M, Papa ML, Bandinelli B, Bertolozzi I, Polidori G, Toscano T, Maccherini M, Modesti PA. Cardiac angiotensin II formation in the clinical course of heart failure and its relationship with left ventricular function. Circ Res. 2001; 88: 961–968.Crossref Medline Google Scholar

eLetters(0)

eLetters should relate to an article recently published in the journal and are not a forum for providing unpublished data. Comments are reviewed for appropriate use of tone and language. Comments are not peer-reviewed. Acceptable comments are posted to the journal website only. Comments are not published in an issue and are not indexed in PubMed. Comments should be no longer than 500 words and will only be posted online. References are limited to 10. Authors of the article cited in the comment will be invited to reply, as appropriate.

Comments and feedback on AHA/ASA Scientific Statements and Guidelines should be directed to the AHA/ASA Manuscript Oversight Committee via its Correspondence page.

Cited By

Ferreira-da-Silva R, Maranhão P, Dias C, Alves J, Pires L, Morato M, Polónia J and Ribeiro-Vaz I (2024) Assessing medication use patterns by clinical outcomes severity among inpatients with COVID-19: A retrospective drug utilization study, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116242, 172, (116242), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2024.

Naik N, Patel M and Sen R (2024) Developmental Impacts of Epigenetics and Metabolism in COVID-19, Journal of Developmental Biology, 10.3390/jdb12010009, 12:1, (9)

Vanslambrouck J, Neil J, Rudraraju R, Mah S, Tan K, Groenewegen E, Forbes T, Karavendzas K, Elliott D, Porrello E, Subbarao K, Little M and Liu S (2024) Kidney organoids reveal redundancy in viral entry pathways during ACE2-dependent SARS-CoV-2 infection, Journal of Virology, 10.1128/jvi.01802-23

Berges P, Schrader B, Vaske B, Bohling A, Lüders S, Elsässer A and Schrader J (2023) Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie auf kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren – Daten von 1775 Teilnehmern der ELITE Studie vor und während der Corona Pandemie, DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 10.1055/a-2201-6772, 149:03, (e11-e18), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024.

Matsuzawa Y and Tsujita K (2023) Mitigating secondary disaster triggered by fear of COVID-19: the role of professional medical societies, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/s41440-023-01521-6, 47:2, (559-561), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024.

Lima F, Muniz F, Meneses G, Bezerra K, Moreira C, Aguiar A, Nascimento J, Veras de S. Freitas T, de Bruin P, Pereira E, Daher E and Oriá R (2024) Influence of angiotensin receptor and converting enzyme blockers therapy in the respiratory outcome of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, Medicina Clínica, 10.1016/j.medcli.2023.10.004, 162:4, (163-169), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024.

Lima F, Muniz F, Meneses G, Bezerra K, Moreira C, Aguiar A, Nascimento J, Veras de S. Freitas T, de Bruin P, Pereira E, Daher E and Oriá R (2024) Influence of angiotensin receptor and converting enzyme blockers therapy in the respiratory outcome of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, Medicina Clínica (English Edition), 10.1016/j.medcle.2023.10.009, 162:4, (163-169), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024.

Wang W, Ma J, Ma Y, Bao Y, Long Z, Lei S, Xu Y, Dai Q, Gao L and Wang H (2024) Chemical constitutes and anti-hypertension potential of Gaocha (Acer ginnala Maxim. subsp. theiferum Fang) in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, Beverage Plant Research, 10.48130/bpr-0024-0004, 0:0, (1-9), .

Bharath M, Ravitej S, Balgi V, Urs M and Apoorva C (2023) A Study of Prognosis and Outcome of COVID-19-Infected Hypertensive Patients on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, APIK Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.4103/ajim.ajim_91_22, 12:1, (51-54), .

Drury E, Wu J, Gigliotti J and Le T (2024) Sex differences in blood pressure regulation and hypertension: renal, hemodynamic, and hormonal mechanisms, Physiological Reviews, 10.1152/physrev.00041.2022, 104:1, (199-251), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024.

Liu J, Huang L, Wei W, Bai Y, Chang E and Leng Y (2024) Effects of Antihypertensive Agents on the Clinical Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Concomitant with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Heart & Lung, 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.10.001, 63, (78-85), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024.

Harriott N and Ryan A (2024) Proteomic profiling identifies biomarkers of COVID-19 severity, Heliyon, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23320, 10:1, (e23320), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024.

Sara R, Radoias V and Kim Y (2024) Hypertension effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns: Evidence from a repeated cross-sectional survey in Peru, Economics & Human Biology, 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101332, 52, (101332), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2024.

Binari L, McCall N and Burgner A (2024) Kidney Manifestations of COVID-19 Textbook of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, 10.1016/B978-0-323-87539-4.00010-5, (203-217), .

Srinivasa S, Kaur S, Dharani A, Choi E, Kalidas A, Slater R and Mifflin S Clinical Outcomes of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Cardiac Comorbidities: A Literature Review, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.51244

Zhang Z, Wu S, Wang Z, Wang Y, Chen H, Wu C and Xiong L (2023) Long-term oral ACEI/ARB therapy is associated with disease severity in elderly COVID-19 omicron BA.2 patients with hypertension, BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.1186/s12879-023-08913-6, 23:1

O’Keeffe M, Oterhals Å, Vikøren L, Drotningsvik A, Mellgren G, Halstensen A and Gudbrandsen O (2023) Dietary fish intake increased the concentration of soluble ACE2 in rats: can fish consumption reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection through interception of SARS-CoV-2 by soluble ACE2?, British Journal of Nutrition, 10.1017/S0007114523000776, 130:10, (1712-1719), Online publication date: 28-Nov-2023.

Rathkolb V, Traugott M, Heinzel A, Poglitsch M, Aberle J, Eskandary F, Abrahamowicz A, Mueller M, Knollmueller P, Shoumariyeh T, Stuflesser J, Seeber I, Gibas G, Mayfurth H, Tinhof V, Schmoelz L, Zeitlinger M, Schoergenhofer C, Jilma B, Genser B, Hoepler W, Omid S, Karolyi M, Wenisch C, Oberbauer R, Zoufaly A, Hecking M and Reindl-Schwaighofer R (2023) Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor discontinuation in COVID-19 did not modify systemic ACE2 in a randomized controlled trial, iScience, 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108146, 26:11, (108146), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023.

Cappelletti P, Gallo G, Marino R, Palaniappan S, Corbo M, Savoia C and Feligioni M (2023) From cardiovascular system to brain, the potential protective role of Mas Receptors in COVID-19 infection, European Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176061, 959, (176061), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023.

Huang D, Ajmera V, Tomaszewski C, LaFree A, Bettencourt R, Thompson W, Smith D, Malhotra A, Mehta R, Tolia V, Yin J, Insel P, Leachman S, Jung J, Collier S, Richards L, Woods K, Amangurbanova M, Bhatt A, Zhang X, Penciu O, Zarich S, Retta T, Harkins M, Teixeira J, Chinnock B, Utay N, Lake J and Loomba R (2023) Ramipril for the Treatment of COVID-19: RAMIC, a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial, Advances in Therapy, 10.1007/s12325-023-02618-7, 40:11, (4805-4816), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023.

Cacanyiova S, Cebova M, Simko F, Baka T, Bernatova I, Kluknavsky M, Zorad S, Krskova K, Shaman E, Zemancikova A, Barta A, Aydemir B and Berenyiova A (2023) The effect of zofenopril on the cardiovascular system of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with the ACE2 inhibitor MLN-4760, Biological Research, 10.1186/s40659-023-00466-x, 56:1

Carter C, Airas J, Gladden H, Miller B and Parish C (2023) Exploring the disruption of SARS-CoV-2 RBD binding to hACE2, Frontiers in Chemistry, 10.3389/fchem.2023.1276760, 11

Xue W, Yuan X, Ji Z, Li H and Yao Y (2023) Nutritional ingredients and prevention of chronic diseases by fermented koumiss: a comprehensive review, Frontiers in Nutrition, 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270920, 10

Paul D, Bhattacharjee M, Mahato D and Sarma M (2022) Natural furin inhibitor(s) as potent therapeutic molecule to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 10.1080/07391102.2022.2121760, 41:15, (7365-7371), Online publication date: 13-Oct-2023.

Shovlin C and Vizcaychipi M (2020) Vascular inflammation and endothelial injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the overlooked regulatory cascades implicated by the ACE2 gene cluster , QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa241, 116:8, (629-634), Online publication date: 12-Sep-2023.

Verma G, Dhawan M, Saied A, Kaur G, Kumar R and Emran T (2023) Immunomodulatory approaches in managing lung inflammation in COVID‐19: A double‐edge sword, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 10.1002/iid3.1020, 11:9, Online publication date: 1-Sep-2023.

Zhou Y, El-Seedi H and Xu B (2022) Insights into health promoting effects and myochemical profiles of pine mushroom Tricholoma matsutake , Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 10.1080/10408398.2021.2023857, 63:22, (5698-5723), Online publication date: 29-Aug-2023.

Elhouderi E, Elsawalhy E, Al-Sudani N, Mahmood I and Sengstock D The Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and ICU Admission Rates and Prior History of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With Hypertension in Michigan, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.43980

Santoro L, Zaccone V, Falsetti L, Ruggieri V, Danese M, Miro C, Di Giorgio A, Nesci A, D’Alessandro A, Moroncini G and Santoliquido A (2023) Role of Endothelium in Cardiovascular Sequelae of Long COVID, Biomedicines, 10.3390/biomedicines11082239, 11:8, (2239)

SeyedAlinaghi S, Karimi A, Pashaei Z, Shobeiri P, Janfaza N, Behnezhad F, Ghasemzadeh A, Barzegary A, Arjmand G, Noroozi A, Shojaei A, Amiri A, Vahedi F, Mahalleh M, Shamsabadi A, Dashti M, Afsahi A, Mehraeen E and Dadras O Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, 10.2174/1871526523666230413082721, 23:5

Qiu H, Li J, Li J, Li H and Xin Y (2023) COVID-19 and Acute Cardiac Injury: Clinical Manifestations, Biomarkers, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Current Cardiology Reports, 10.1007/s11886-023-01902-w, 25:8, (817-829), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2023.

Peck J, Wishon M, Wittels H, Hasty F, Hendricks S, Lee S and Wittels S (2023) COVID-19-Induced Changes in Photoplethysmography, Military Medicine, 10.1093/milmed/usad025, 188:7-8, (e2661-e2669), Online publication date: 22-Jul-2023.

Hamada S, Suzuki T, Tokuda Y, Taniguchi K and Shibuya K (2023) Comparing clinical outcomes of ARB and ACEi in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-023-38838-8, 13:1

Luck J, Blaha C, Cauffman A, Gao Z, Arnold A, Cui J and Sinoway L (2023) Autonomic and vascular function testing in collegiate athletes following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an exploratory study, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2023.1225814, 14

Yang P, Park S, Jackson S, Attipoe-Dorcoo S, Gray E, Ritchey M and Sperling L (2023) Trends and Characteristics of Blood Pressure Prescription Fills Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1093/ajh/hpad036, 36:8, (439-445), Online publication date: 14-Jul-2023.

Obukhova I, Demko I, Petrova M, Bochkareva V and Kozlov E (2023) Clinical course and consequences of coronavirus infection in patients with arterial hypertension, Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 10.36604/1998-5029-2023-88-147-158:88, (147-158)

Kashour T, Bin Abdulhak A, Tlayjeh H, Hassett L, Noman A, Mohsen A, Al-Mallah M and Tleyjeh I (2023)(2020) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, American Journal of Therapeutics, 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001281, 30:4, (e336-e346)

Sun X, Cao J, Chen Z, Liu Y, VonCannon J, Cheng H, Ferrario C and Cheng C (2023) Increased CaMKII activation and contrast changes of cardiac β1-and β3-Adrenergic signaling pathways in a humanized angiotensinogen model of hypertension, Heliyon, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17851, 9:7, (e17851), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2023.

Kumar S, Basu M, Ghosh P, Pal U and Ghosh M (2023) COVID-19 therapeutics: Clinical application of repurposed drugs and futuristic strategies for target-based drug discovery, Genes & Diseases, 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.019, 10:4, (1402-1428), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2023.

Tieu V, Tibi S and Ling J (2023) Regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by diet-modulated gut microbiota, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1167827, 13

Champaneria M, Patel R and Oroszi T (2023) When blood pressure refuses to budge: exploring the complexity of resistant hypertension, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1211199, 10

Muntner P, Foti K, Wang Z, Alanaeme C, Choi E, Bress A, Shimbo D and Kronish I (2023) Discontinuation of Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1093/ajh/hpad027, 36:7, (404-410), Online publication date: 15-Jun-2023.

Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B and He M (2023) Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection, Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8, 8:1

Khan M, Badruddeen , Khushtar M, Akhtar J, Khan M, Ahmad M and Chand I A Systematic Review of COVID-19 Impact on Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronaviruses, 10.2174/2666796704666230608121558, 4:2

Yousefi P, Soltani S, Siri G, Rezayat S, Gholami A, Zafarani A, Razizadeh M, Alborzi E, Mokhtary‐Irani G, Abedi B, Karampoor S, Tabibzadeh A and Farahani A (2023) Coagulopathy and thromboembolic events a pathogenic mechanism of COVID‐19 associated with mortality: An updated review, Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 10.1002/jcla.24941, 37:11-12, Online publication date: 1-Jun-2023.

Kuo C, Su P, Huang T, Lin C, Chen C, Tsai J, Liao X, Chan T and Shieh C (2023) Cigarette smoke increases susceptibility of alveolar macrophages to SARS-CoV-2 infection through inducing reactive oxygen species-upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-023-34785-6, 13:1

Jawarkar R, Zaki M, Al-Hussain S, Al-Mutairi A, Samad A, Mukerjee N, Ghosh A, Masand V, Ming L and Rashid S (2023) QSAR modeling approaches to identify a novel ACE2 inhibitor that selectively bind with the C and N terminals of the ectodomain, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 10.1080/07391102.2023.2205948, (1-20)

Ahmad S, Wright K, VonCannon J, Ferrario C, Ola M, Choudhary M, Malek G, Gustafson J and Sappington R (2023) Internalization of Angiotensin-(1–12) in Adult Retinal Pigment Epithelial-19 Cells, Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10.1089/jop.2022.0139, 39:4, (290-299), Online publication date: 1-May-2023.

Farid fahmy S, El Derany M, Khorshid H, Saleh A and El-Demerdash E (2023) Effect of renin angiotensin blockers on angiotensin converting enzyme 2 level in cardiovascular patients, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 10.1186/s40360-023-00667-w, 24:1

Zuo Y, Zheng Z, Huang Y, He J, Zang L, Ren T, Cao X, Miao Y, Yuan Y, Liu Y, Ma F, Dai J, Tian S, Ding Q and Zheng H (2023) Vitamin C promotes ACE2 degradation and protects against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, EMBO reports, 10.15252/embr.202256374, 24:4, Online publication date: 5-Apr-2023.

Ko Y, Ngai Z, Koh R and Chye S (2023) Association among Lifestyle and Risk Factors with SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 10.4046/trd.2022.0125, 86:2, (102-110), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2023.

Badaras I and Laučytė-Cibulskienė A (2022) Vascular Aging and COVID-19, Angiology, 10.1177/00033197221121007, 74:4, (308-316), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2023.

Edmiston J, Cohn E, Teruya S, Sabogal N, Massillon D, Muralidhar V, Rodriguez C, Helmke S, Fine D, Winburn M, Chiuzan C, Hod E, Raiszadeh F, Kurian D, Maurer M, Ruberg F and Yon D (2023) Clinical and social determinants of health features of SARS-CoV-2 infection among Black and Caribbean Hispanic patients with heart failure: The SCAN-MP Study, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0283730, 18:3, (e0283730)

Cutolo M, Sulli A, Smith V and Gotelli E (2023) Emerging nailfold capillaroscopic patterns in COVID-19: from acute patients to survivors, Reumatismo, 10.4081/reumatismo.2022.1555, 74:4

Xavier L, Mello R, Morais M, Cronemberger P, Martins M and Rosal M (2023)(2023)(2023)(2023) Clinical Aspects Of Hypertensive Patients With COVID-19 Hospitalized In A Campaign Hospital In Northeast Brazil, International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 10.36660/ijcs.20220033, 36, Online publication date: 20-Mar-2023., Online publication date: 20-Mar-2023., ., .

Evrev D, Sekulovski M, Gulinac M, Dobrev H, Velikova T and Hadjidekov G (2023) Retroperitoneal and abdominal bleeding in anticoagulated COVID-19 hospitalized patients: Case series and brief literature review, World Journal of Clinical Cases, 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i7.1528, 11:7, (1528-1548)

Musavi H, Abazari O, Barartabar Z, Kalaki-Jouybari F, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Esmaeili P and Mahjoub S (2020) The benefits of Vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic: biochemical and immunological mechanisms, Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 10.1080/13813455.2020.1826530, 129:2, (354-362), Online publication date: 4-Mar-2023.

Osoro I, Vohra M, Amir M, Kumar P and Sharma A (2023) A Scoping Review on COVID-19-Induced Cardiovascular Complications, COVID, 10.3390/covid3030026, 3:3, (348-369)

Kalan Sarı I, Keskin O, Seremet Keskin A, Elli̇dağ H, Harmandar O and Sainaghi P (2023) Is Homocysteine Associated with the Prognosis of Covid-19 Pneumonia, International Journal of Clinical Practice, 10.1155/2023/9697871, 2023, (1-8), Online publication date: 2-Mar-2023.

Ahmadzadeh S, Sedighi M, Torkashvand A, Hashemzadeh P, Shafiei F, Torkashvand M and Hasan-Zadeh A (2023) Pathological Effects of COVID-19 on Body Organs, Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 10.52547/JoMMID.11.1.1, 11:1, (1-19)

Greaney A, Raredon M, Kochugaeva M, Niklason L and Levchenko A (2023) SARS-CoV-2 leverages airway epithelial protective mechanism for viral infection, iScience, 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106175, 26:3, (106175), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2023.

Nadi A, Shiravi A, Mohammadi Z, Aslani A and Zeinalian M (2023) Thymus vulgaris, a natural pharmacy against COVID-19: A molecular review, Journal of Herbal Medicine, 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100635, 38, (100635), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2023.

Alabsi S, Dhole A, Hozayen S and Chapman S (2023) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Expression and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Microorganisms, 10.3390/microorganisms11030612, 11:3, (612)

Zahoor H, Aigbe E, Hussain A and Vankayala H Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Young Male With COVID-19 Infection, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.35044

Angelopoulou E, Karlafti E, Georgakopoulou V, Papalexis P, Papageorgiou S, Tegos T and Savopoulos C (2023) Exploring the Role of ACE2 as a Connecting Link between COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease, Life, 10.3390/life13020536, 13:2, (536)

Vosko I, Zirlik A and Bugger H (2023) Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Disease, Viruses, 10.3390/v15020508, 15:2, (508)

Li K, Kratzmann V, Dai M, Gatzke N, Rocic P, Bramlage P, Grisk O, Lubomirov L, Hoffmeister M, Lauxmann M, Ritter O, Buschmann E, Bader M, Persson A, Buschmann I and Hillmeister P (2023) Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor improves coronary collateral perfusion, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981333, 9

Mirbod S, Khanahmad H, Amerizadeh A, Amirpour A, Mirbod S and Zaker E (2023) Viewpoints on the Role of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin Channels in Cardiovascular System and Disease: A Systematic Review, Current Problems in Cardiology, 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.101012, 48:2, (101012), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2023.

Chen H, Peng J, Wang T, Wen J, Chen S, Huang Y and Zhang Y (2023) Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: Review and update in the era of COVID-19 pandemic, Biochemical Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115370, 208, (115370), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2023.

Assareh E, Abbasi M, Heidari M and Asghari S (2023) A Review on COVID-19: Primary Receptor, Endothelial Dysfunction, Related Comorbidities, and Therapeutics, Iranian Journal of Science, 10.1007/s40995-022-01400-8, 47:1, (1-25), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2023.

Liu Q, Fu W, Zhu C, Ding Z, Dong B, Sun B and Chen R (2023) Effect of continuing the use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors on mortality in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis, BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.1186/s12879-023-07994-7, 23:1

Kumar R, Aktay-Cetin Ö, Craddock V, Morales-Cano D, Kosanovic D, Cogolludo A, Perez-Vizcaino F, Avdeev S, Kumar A, Ram A, Agarwal S, Chakraborty A, Savai R, de Jesus Perez V, Graham B, Butrous G, Dhillon N and Stapleford K (2023) Potential long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the pulmonary vasculature: Multilayered cross-talks in the setting of coinfections and comorbidities, PLOS Pathogens, 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011063, 19:1, (e1011063)

Rivera-Torres J, Girón N and San José E (2023) COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review on Cardiovascular Alterations, Immunity, and Therapeutics in Older Adults, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm12020488, 12:2, (488)

Daemi A, Shabestari A, Tirabadi N, Hosseini S, Fathi M, Döğüş Y and Yönden Z (2023) Circulating Biomarkers of Cardiopulmonary Disturbances in COVID-19 Coronaviruses: Volume 3, 10.2174/9789815123371123030007, (99-112), Online publication date: 4-Jan-2023.

Dzhusoeva E and Moiseeva M (2023) COVID-19 and arterial hypertension: points of contact and outcomes of the pathological process, Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk State Medical University, 10.61634/2782-3024-2023-9-41-48, 3:1, (41-48)

Song J, Huang J, Hsu Y, Lo M, Lin C, Shen T, Liao M and Lu K (2023) Coronavirus disease 2019 and cardiovascular disease, Tzu Chi Medical Journal, 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_219_22, 35:3, (213-220), .

Acharya S, Kumar S, Kabra R, Patel M, Phate N, Talwar D and Daiya V (2023) Impact of angiotensin receptor blocker as antihypertensive in assessing mortality in patients of COVID-19: A single tertiary care center study, Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 10.4103/jehp.jehp_922_22, 12:1, (30), .

Yazdani Y, Radahmadi M and Roustazade R (2023) Effects of aqueous saffron extract on glucoregulation as well as hepatic agt and TNF-α gene expression in rats subjected to sub-chronic stress, Advanced Biomedical Research, 10.4103/abr.abr_51_22, 12:1, (117), .

Bru S, González-Marrón A, Lidón-Moyano C, Carballar R, Martínez-Láinez J, Pérez-Martín H, Fu M, Pérez-Ortuño R, Ballbè M, Pascual J, Fernández E, Clotet J and Martínez-Sánchez J (2023) Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine, Environmental Research, 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114443, 216, (114443), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2023.

Peliky Fontes M, Kangussu L and Simões-e-Silva A (2023) The renin-angiotensin system, emotional stress and anxiety Angiotensin, 10.1016/B978-0-323-99618-1.00030-1, (623-640), .

Yoshimura K, Okada Y, Toya S, Asami T and Iwasaki S (2023) Morphological aspect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Angiotensin, 10.1016/B978-0-323-99618-1.00008-8, (389-417), .

Nagarajan P (2023) Understanding the Renin-Angiotensin System in Coronavirus Disease 2019 The Renin Angiotensin System in Cancer, Lung, Liver and Infectious Diseases, 10.1007/978-3-031-23621-1_5, (79-93), .

Adeyemi D, Odetayo A, Hamed M and Akhigbe R (2022) Impact of COVID 19 on erectile function, The Aging Male, 10.1080/13685538.2022.2104833, 25:1, (202-216), Online publication date: 31-Dec-2022.

A. Elrayess M, T. Zedan H, A. Alattar R, Abusriwil H, Al-Ruweidi M, Almuraikhy S, Parengal J, Alhariri B, Yassine H, A. Hssain A, Nair A, Al Samawi M, Abdelmajid A, Al Suwaidi J, Omar Saad M, Al-Maslamani M, Omrani A and Yalcin H (2022) Soluble ACE2 and angiotensin II levels are modulated in hypertensive COVID-19 patients treated with different antihypertension drugs, Blood Pressure, 10.1080/08037051.2022.2055530, 31:1, (80-90), Online publication date: 31-Dec-2022.

Corrà A, Verdelli A, Mariotti E, Ruffo di Calabria V, Quintarelli L, Aimo C, Sunderkötter C and Caproni M (2022) Cutaneous vasculitis: Lessons from COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2022.1013846, 9

Yepes M Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccines: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations, Current Drug Targets, 10.2174/1389450123666220919123029, 23:17, (1620-1638)

Huang H, Lin C, Chen Y, Wu X, Lin M, Chen S and Li K (2022) Renal artery thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report, BMC Nephrology, 10.1186/s12882-022-02808-5, 23:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022.

Rosei C, Gaggero A, Famà F, Malerba P, Chiarini G, Nardin M, Brami V, Rossini C, Coschignano M, Porteri E, Salvetti M, Muiesan M, Rizzoni D and De Ciuceis C (2022) Skin capillary alterations in patients with acute SarsCoV2 infection, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003271, 40:12, (2385-2393), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022.

Kabia A, Li P, Jin Z, Tan X, Liu Y, Feng Y, Yu K, Hu M, Jiang D and Cao G (2022) The effects of hypertension on the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the interactions with age and antihypertensive treatment, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003266, 40:12, (2323-2336), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022.

Ferrario C, Saha A, VonCannon J, Meredith W and Ahmad S (2022) Does the Naked Emperor Parable Apply to Current Perceptions of the Contribution of Renin Angiotensin System Inhibition in Hypertension?, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-022-01229-x, 24:12, (709-721), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022.

Suvarnapathaki S, Chauhan D, Nguyen A, Ramalingam M and Camci-Unal G (2022) Advances in Targeting ACE2 for Developing COVID-19 Therapeutics, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 10.1007/s10439-022-03094-w, 50:12, (1734-1749), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2022.

Devaux C and Camoin-Jau L (2022) An update on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 structure/functions, polymorphism, and duplicitous nature in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019: Implications for vascular and coagulation disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection, Frontiers in Microbiology, 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042200, 13

Wu V, Peng K, Hu Y, Chang C, Chan C, Lai T, Lin Y, Wang S, Lu C, Liu Y, Tsai Y and Chueh J (2022) Circulating Plasma Concentrations of ACE2 in Primary Aldosteronism and Cardiovascular Outcomes, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 10.1210/clinem/dgac539, 107:12, (3242-3251), Online publication date: 25-Nov-2022.

Kocivnik N and Velnar T (2022) A Review Pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 and Autoimmune Diseases: What Is the Connection?, Life, 10.3390/life12111918, 12:11, (1918)

García Martínez J, Wozniak H, Salamin P, Giraud R, Le Terrier C and Bendjelid K (2022) Is the prognosis of non‐hypertensive, COVID‐19 patients treated with renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors more uncertain?, Physiological Reports, 10.14814/phy2.15512, 10:22, Online publication date: 1-Nov-2022.

Liang L, Wang D, Yu H, Wang J, Zhang H, Sun B, Yang F, Wang Z, Xie D, Feng R, Xu K, Wang G and Zhou G (2022) Transcriptional regulation and small compound targeting of ACE2 in lung epithelial cells, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 10.1038/s41401-022-00906-6, 43:11, (2895-2904), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2022.

Isberner R, Vorwerk U and Schewe D (2022) Rezidivierende, schwere Epistaxis bei COVID-19-Patienten Recurrent, severe epistaxis in COVID-19 patients, Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde, 10.1007/s00112-022-01615-4, 170:11, (1011-1015), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2022.

Kozłowski P, Śmiarowski M, Przyborska W, Zemlik K, Małecka-Giełdowska M, Leszczyńska A, Garley M and Ciepiela O (2022) Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Convalescents May Present Pro-Longed Endothelium Injury, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm11216461, 11:21, (6461)

Fitero A, Bungau S, Tit D, Endres L, Khan S, Bungau A, Romanul I, Vesa C, Radu A, Tarce A, Bogdan M, Nechifor A, Negrut N and Zeng X (2022) Comorbidities, Associated Diseases, and Risk Assessment in COVID-19—A Systematic Review, International Journal of Clinical Practice, 10.1155/2022/1571826, 2022, (1-24), Online publication date: 31-Oct-2022.

Wang Z, Hua M, Jiu T, Ge R and Bai Z (2022) Biofunctional roles of estrogen in coronavirus disease 2019: Beyond a steroid hormone, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003469, 13

Duan X, Lacko L and Chen S (2022) Druggable targets and therapeutic development for COVID-19, Frontiers in Chemistry, 10.3389/fchem.2022.963701, 10

Kadiyska T, Tourtourikov I, Dabchev K, Cherneva R, Stoynev N, Hadjiolova R, Mitev V, Spandidos D, Adamaki M and Zoumpourlis V (2022) Role of endothelial dysfunction in the severity of COVID‑19 infection (Review), Molecular Medicine Reports, 10.3892/mmr.2022.12867, 26:5

Silva-Cardoso J and Moreira E (2022) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and the COVID-19 epidemic, Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, 10.1016/j.repc.2022.08.006, 41:10, (831-832), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022.

Graf J, Pérez R and López R (2022) Increased respiratory dead space could associate with coagulation activation and poor outcomes in COVID-19 ARDS, Journal of Critical Care, 10.1016/j.jcrc.2022.154095, 71, (154095), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022.

Lu L, Gao Y, Quek S, Foster M, Eason C, Liu M, Wang M, Chen J and Chen F (2022) The landscape of potential health benefits of carotenoids as natural supportive therapeutics in protecting against Coronavirus infection, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113625, 154, (113625), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022.

Coscas R, Dubosq M, Charton J, El Batti S, Gaudric J, Koskas F, Chiche L, Couture T, Davaine J, Castier Y, Cerceau P, EL Hajjam M, Samb P, Beauchet A, Grimaldi L, Javerliat I, Goeau-Brissonniere O, Alsac J, Onorati I, Martinod E, Desgranges P, Touma J, Cochennec F, Pellenc Q, Julia P and Coggia M (2022) Thrombosis of Medium-Sized and Large Arteries During Covid-19 Infection: Results of the COVIVASC Study, Annals of Vascular Surgery, 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.055, 86, (35-42), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022.

Tsampasian V, Corballis N and Vassiliou V (2022) Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-022-01207-3, 24:10, (425-433), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022.

Choopani S, Nematbakhsh M and Olatunji L (2022) Sex Difference in MasR Expression and Functions in the Renal System, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1155/2022/1327839, 2022, (1-10), Online publication date: 10-Sep-2022.

Sharma R, Kumar A, Majeed J, Thakur A and Aggarwal G (2022) Drugs acting on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and deaths of COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, The Egyptian Heart Journal, 10.1186/s43044-022-00303-8, 74:1

Gnanenthiran S, Borghi C, Burger D, Caramelli B, Charchar F, Chirinos J, Cohen J, Cremer A, Di Tanna G, Duvignaud A, Freilich D, Gommans D, Gracia‐Ramos A, Murray T, Pelorosso F, Poulter N, Puskarich M, Rizas K, Rothlin R, Schlaich M, Schreinlecher M, Steckelings U, Sharma A, Stergiou G, Tignanelli C, Tomaszewski M, Unger T, van Kimmenade R, Wainford R, Williams B, Rodgers A and Schutte A (2022) Renin‐Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Patients With COVID‐19: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Led by the International Society of Hypertension, Journal of the American Heart Association, 11:17, Online publication date: 6-Sep-2022.

Ruan Z, Li D, Hu Y, Qiu Z and Chen X (2022) The Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockades and Mortality in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Acute Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study, International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10.2147/COPD.S370817, Volume 17, (2001-2011)

Berzuini C and Bernardinelli L (2022) Hunting for protective drugs at the break of a pandemic: Causal inference from hospital data, Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 10.1177/09622802221098428, 31:9, (1803-1816), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022.

Rizk J, Sanchis-Gomar F, Henry B, Lippi G and Lavie C (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019, hypertension, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, Current Opinion in Cardiology, 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000982, 37:5, (419-423), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022.

Fernando S, Chen X, Cheng K, Wong B, Qi S, Jiang L, Kodithuwakku S, Ng E, Yeung W and Lee K (2022) ACE inhibitors on ACE1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 expression and spheroid attachment on human endometrial Ishikawa cells, Reproductive Biology, 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100666, 22:3, (100666), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022.

Arruda-Junior D, Salles T, Martins F, Antonio E, Tucci P, Gowdak L, Tavares C and Girardi A (2022) Unraveling the interplay between dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure, Life Sciences, 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120757, 305, (120757), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022.

Felkle D, Jarczyński M, Kaleta K, Zięba K and Nazimek K (2022) The immunomodulatory effects of antihypertensive therapy: A review, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113287, 153, (113287), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022.

Sen R, Sengupta D and Mukherjee A (2021) Mechanical dependency of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) axis: a possible new threat, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 10.1007/s11356-021-16356-2, 29:41, (62235-62247), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2022.

Kasinadhuni G, Chikkam V, Singh P and Vijayvergiya R (2022) COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Manifestations COVID-19: Effects in Comorbidities and Special Populations, 10.2174/9789815036367122010007, (102-136), Online publication date: 30-Aug-2022.

Yang J, Li M and Zhang R (2022) Network meta-analysis of deaths from various underlying diseases after COVID-19 infection, Frontiers in Public Health, 10.3389/fpubh.2022.959073, 10

Astapovskii A, Drozdov V, Shikh E, Melkonyan G, Sizova Z, Zakharova V, Shindryaeva N and Lapidus N (2022) Prognostic value of proadrenomedullin in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2022.961071, 9

Kovalevskaiia L, Pakhlevanzade A, Ivanchenko S, Kupriianova L, Volianska V, Plakida A and Panigrahi P (2022) Cardiovascular Disorders as a Result of COVID-19, Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9593, 10:F, (1862-1868)

Khanna N, Maindarkar M, Puvvula A, Paul S, Bhagawati M, Ahluwalia P, Ruzsa Z, Sharma A, Munjral S, Kolluri R, Krishnan P, Singh I, Laird J, Fatemi M, Alizad A, Dhanjil S, Saba L, Balestrieri A, Faa G, Paraskevas K, Misra D, Agarwal V, Sharma A, Teji J, Al-Maini M, Nicolaides A, Rathore V, Naidu S, Liblik K, Johri A, Turk M, Sobel D, Pareek G, Miner M, Viskovic K, Tsoulfas G, Protogerou A, Mavrogeni S, Kitas G, Fouda M, Kalra M and Suri J (2022) Vascular Implications of COVID-19: Role of Radiological Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, and Tissue Characterization: A Special Report, Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 10.3390/jcdd9080268, 9:8, (268)

Oosthuizen D, Sturrock E and Sun M (2022) Exploring the Impact of ACE Inhibition in Immunity and Disease, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1155/2022/9028969, 2022, (1-17), Online publication date: 4-Aug-2022.

Govender N, Khaliq O, Moodley J and Naicker T Unravelling the Mechanistic Role of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in Hypertension: A Risk Factor for COVID-19, Current Hypertension Reviews, 10.2174/1573402118666220816090809, 18:2, (130-137)

Asiimwe I, Pushpakom S, Turner R, Kolamunnage‐Dona R, Jorgensen A and Pirmohamed M (2022) Cardiovascular drugs and COVID‐19 clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1111/bcp.15331, 88:8, (3577-3599), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2022.

Mahalingasivam V, Su G, Iwagami M, Davids M, Wetmore J and Nitsch D (2022) COVID-19 and kidney disease: insights from epidemiology to inform clinical practice, Nature Reviews Nephrology, 10.1038/s41581-022-00570-3, 18:8, (485-498), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2022.

Dimiati H and Widasari N (2022) COVID-19 and Thrombosis Complication in Children, Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9837, 10:F, (648-654)

Flaumenhaft R, Enjyoji K and Schmaier A (2022) Vasculopathy in COVID-19, Blood, 10.1182/blood.2021012250, 140:3, (222-235), Online publication date: 21-Jul-2022.

Ali S, Khan O, Khalil A and Odeh A Admission Hyperglycemia as a Predictor of COVID-19 Pneumonia, Cytokine Release Syndrome Progression, and Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.27021

Zhong P, Lu Z, Li Z, Li T, Lan Q, Liu J, Wang Z, Chen S and Huang Q (2022) Effect of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors on the Rupture Risk Among Hypertensive Patients With Intracranial Aneurysms, Hypertension, 79:7, (1475-1486), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022.

Choopani S, Nematbakhsh M and Sharma D (2022) Estradiol Supplement or Induced Hypertension May Attenuate the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonist-Promoted Renal Blood Flow Response to Graded Angiotensin II Administration in Ovariectomized Rats, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1155/2022/3223008, 2022, (1-7), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022.

Mohammad K, Rodriguez J and Urey M (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019 and the cardiologist, Current Opinion in Cardiology, 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000958, 37:4, (335-342), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022.

Matsuzawa Y, Kimura K, Ogawa H and Tamura K (2022) Impact of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors on COVID-19, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/s41440-022-00922-3, 45:7, (1147-1153), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022.

Trougakos I, Terpos E, Alexopoulos H, Politou M, Paraskevis D, Scorilas A, Kastritis E, Andreakos E and Dimopoulos M (2022) Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007, 28:7, (542-554), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022.

Macedo A, de Barros e Silva P, de Paula T, Moll-Bernardes R, Mendonça dos Santos T, Mazza L, Feldman A, Arruda G, de Albuquerque D, de Sousa A, de Souza O, Gibson C, Granger C, Alexander J and Lopes R (2022) Discontinuing vs continuing ACEIs and ARBs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 according to disease severity: Insights from the BRACE CORONA trial, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.04.001, 249, (86-97), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022.

Lin L, Chen Y, Han D, Yang A, Wang A and Qi W (2022) Cardiorenal Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2022.915533, 9

Oflar E, Koyuncu A, Alp M, Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu H, Unal O, Beyaz M, Melis Oztas D, Ugurlucan M and Nihan Turhan Caglar F (2022) The Effect of Renin-Angiotensin Blockers on COVID-19 Related Mortality: A Tertiary Center's Experience, Cor et Vasa, 10.33678/cor.2021.123, 64:3, (277-281), Online publication date: 22-Jun-2022.

Baigent C, Windecker S, Andreini D, Arbelo E, Barbato E, Bartorelli A, Baumbach A, Behr E, Berti S, Bueno H, Capodanno D, Cappato R, Chieffo A, Collet J, Cuisset T, de Simone G, Delgado V, Dendale P, Dudek D, Edvardsen T, Elvan A, González-Juanatey J, Gori M, Grobbee D, Guzik T, Halvorsen S, Haude M, Heidbuchel H, Hindricks G, Ibanez B, Karam N, Katus H, Klok F, Konstantinides S, Landmesser U, Leclercq C, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Marenzi G, Mauri J, Metra M, Morici N, Mueller C, Petronio A, Polovina M, Potpara T, Praz F, Prendergast B, Prescott E, Price S, Pruszczyk P, Rodríguez-Leor O, Roffi M, Romaguera R, Rosenkranz S, Sarkozy A, Scherrenberg M, Seferovic P, Senni M, Spera F, Stefanini G, Thiele H, Tomasoni D, Torracca L, Touyz R, Wilde A and Williams B (2021) ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2—care pathways, treatment, and follow-up, Cardiovascular Research, 10.1093/cvr/cvab343, 118:7, (1618-1666), Online publication date: 22-Jun-2022.

Swoboda L (2022) Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19 in Critical Care, AACN Advanced Critical Care, 10.4037/aacnacc2022483, 33:2, (186-195), Online publication date: 15-Jun-2022.

He W, Liu X, Hu B, Li D, Chen L, Li Y, Tu Y, Xiong S, Wang G, Deng J and Fu B (2022) Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Kidney Injury: A Literature Review, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10.3389/fcimb.2022.838213, 12

Loader J, Taylor F, Lampa E and Sundström J (2022) Renin‐Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID‐19: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Revealing Critical Bias Across a Body of Observational Research, Journal of the American Heart Association, 11:11, Online publication date: 7-Jun-2022.

Esser N, Schmidt C, Barrow B, Cronic L, Hackney D, Mongovin S, Hogan M, Templin A, Castillo J, Hull R and Zraika S (2022) Insulinotropic Effects of Neprilysin and/or Angiotensin Receptor Inhibition in Mice, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10.3389/fendo.2022.888867, 13

Altmayer V, Ziveri J, Frère C, Salem J, Weiss N, Cao A, Marois C, Rohaut B, Demeret S, Bourdoulous S and Le Guennec L (2021) Endothelial cell biomarkers in critically ill COVID‐19 patients with encephalitis, Journal of Neurochemistry, 10.1111/jnc.15545, 161:6, (492-505), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022.

Safizadeh F, Nguyen T, Brenner H and Schöttker B (2022) Association of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition with Covid‐19 hospitalization and all‐cause mortality in the UK biobank, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1111/bcp.15192, 88:6, (2830-2842), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022.

Hauguel-Moreau M, Mansencal N, Gault E, Prati G, Dubourg O and Annane D (2021) SARS-CoV-2 in coronary blood from thrombus aspiration in a patient with myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, 10.1097/MCA.0000000000001107, 33:4, (335-336), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022.

Flannery A, Kiser A, Behal M, Li X and Neyra J (2022) RAS inhibition and sepsis-associated acute kidney injury, Journal of Critical Care, 10.1016/j.jcrc.2022.153986, 69, (153986), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022.

Plášek J, Gumulec J, Máca J, Škarda J, Procházka V, Grézl T and Václavík J (2022) COVID-19 associated coagulopathy: Mechanisms and host-directed treatment, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.10.012, 363:6, (465-475), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022.

Pawar A, Russo M, Rani I, Goswami K, Russo G and Pal A (2022) A critical evaluation of risk to reward ratio of quercetin supplementation for COVID ‐19 and associated comorbid conditions , Phytotherapy Research, 10.1002/ptr.7461, 36:6, (2394-2415), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022.

Thomas S, Puskarich M, Pulia M, Meltzer A, Camargo C, Courtney D, Nordenholz K, Kline J and Kabrhel C (2022) Association Between Baseline Use of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Death Among Patients Tested for COVID‐19, The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1002/jcph.2015, 62:6, (777-782), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022.

Yeryomenko G, Bezditko T and Ospanova T (2022) THE VIEW OF THE CLINICIAN ON THE PROBLEM OF COVID-19: review, Inter Collegas, 10.35339/ic.8.4.217-225, 8:4, (217-225)

Yin J, Wang C, Song X, Li X and Miao M (2022) Effects of Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Mortality and Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1093/ajh/hpac001, 35:5, (462-469), Online publication date: 10-May-2022.

Baigent C, Windecker S, Andreini D, Arbelo E, Barbato E, Bartorelli A, Baumbach A, Behr E, Berti S, Bueno H, Capodanno D, Cappato R, Chieffo A, Collet J, Cuisset T, de Simone G, Delgado V, Dendale P, Dudek D, Edvardsen T, Elvan A, González-Juanatey J, Gori M, Grobbee D, Guzik T, Halvorsen S, Haude M, Heidbuchel H, Hindricks G, Ibanez B, Karam N, Katus H, Klok F, Konstantinides S, Landmesser U, Leclercq C, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Marenzi G, Mauri J, Metra M, Morici N, Mueller C, Petronio A, Polovina M, Potpara T, Praz F, Prendergast B, Prescott E, Price S, Pruszczyk P, Rodríguez-Leor O, Roffi M, Romaguera R, Rosenkranz S, Sarkozy A, Scherrenberg M, Seferovic P, Senni M, Spera F, Stefanini G, Thiele H, Tomasoni D, Torracca L, Touyz R, Wilde A and Williams B (2021) European Society of Cardiology guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 1—epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis, Cardiovascular Research, 10.1093/cvr/cvab342, 118:6, (1385-1412), Online publication date: 6-May-2022.

Mazzoni T, Maraia Z, Ruggeri B, Polidori C, Micioni Di Bonaventura M, Armillei L, Pomilio I and Mazzoni I (2022) Sartans and ACE Inhibitors: Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19. Retrospective Study in Patients on Long-Term Treatment Who Died in the Italian Hospitals of Area Vasta n.5—Marche Region, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm11092580, 11:9, (2580)

Yang Z, Macdonald-Dunlop E, Chen J, Zhai R, Li T, Richmond A, Klarić L, Pirastu N, Ning Z, Zheng C, Wang Y, Huang T, He Y, Guo H, Ying K, Gustafsson S, Prins B, Ramisch A, Dermitzakis E, Png G, Eriksson N, Haessler J, Hu X, Zanetti D, Boutin T, Hwang S, Wheeler E, Pietzner M, Raffield L, Kalnapenkis A, Peters J, Viñuela A, Gilly A, Elmståhl S, Dedoussis G, Petrie J, Polašek O, Folkersen L, Chen Y, Yao C, Võsa U, Pairo-Castineira E, Clohisey S, Bretherick A, Rawlik K, Esko T, Enroth S, Johansson Å, Gyllensten U, Langenberg C, Levy D, Hayward C, Assimes T, Kooperberg C, Manichaikul A, Siegbahn A, Wallentin L, Lind L, Zeggini E, Schwenk J, Butterworth A, Michaëlsson K, Pawitan Y, Joshi P, Baillie J, Mälarstig A, Reiner A, Wilson J and Shen X (2022) Genetic Landscape of the ACE2 Coronavirus Receptor, Circulation, 145:18, (1398-1411), Online publication date: 3-May-2022.

Ozbey R and Algan M (2022) Acro‐ischemic lesions in COVID‐19 patients: A case series, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 10.1111/jocd.14893, 21:5, (1822-1829), Online publication date: 1-May-2022.

Alenzi K, Albalawi W, Alanazi T, Alanazi N, Alsuhaibani D, Almuwallad N and Alshammari T (2022) Coronavirus disease 2019 in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide real-world characterization study, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.015, 30:5, (562-569), Online publication date: 1-May-2022.

Le Hir A, Fayol A, Mousseaux E, Danchin N, Tea V, Chamandi C, Soulat G and Puymirat E (2022) Coronary artery calcifications and 6-month mortality in patients with COVID-19 without known atheromatous disease, Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.acvd.2022.02.007, 115:5, (276-287), Online publication date: 1-May-2022.

Fang Y and Zhang X (2022) A propensity score‐matching analysis of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker exposure on in‐hospital mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure, Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 10.1002/phar.2677, 42:5, (387-396), Online publication date: 1-May-2022.

Nappi F, Bellomo F and Avtaar Singh S (2022) Insights into the Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Causing Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm11092460, 11:9, (2460)

Hasselbach L, Weidner J, Elsässer A and Theilmeier G (2022) Heart Failure Relapses in Response to Acute Stresses – Role of Immunological and Inflammatory Pathways, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2022.809935, 9

Stakišaitis D, Kapočius L, Valančiūtė A, Balnytė I, Tamošuitis T, Vaitkevičius A, Sužiedėlis K, Urbonienė D, Tatarūnas V, Kilimaitė E, Gečys D and Lesauskaitė V (2022) SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Sex-Related Differences, and a Possible Personalized Treatment Approach with Valproic Acid: A Review, Biomedicines, 10.3390/biomedicines10050962, 10:5, (962)

(2022) References Essential Manual of 24‐Hour Blood Pressure Management, 10.1002/9781119799412.refs, (328-367), Online publication date: 21-Apr-2022.

Wu V, Lin Y, Teng N, Yang S, Chou N, Tsao C, Chen Y, Chueh J and Chen L (2022) Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Associated With Less Outcome Risk in Patients With Acute Kidney Disease, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2022.714658, 13

Fung K, Baik S, Baye F, Zheng Z, Huser V, McDonald C and Mogi M (2022) Effect of common maintenance drugs on the risk and severity of COVID-19 in elderly patients, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0266922, 17:4, (e0266922)

Sagidullin R, Khalikov A, Nazmieva A, Kuznetsov K and Kartoeva H (2022) Pathology of COVID-19, Russian Journal of Forensic Medicine, 10.17816/fm421, 8:1, (41-50)

Patgiri P, Rajendran V and Ahmed A Clinico-Epidemiological Profiles of COVID-19 Elderly Patients in Guwahati City, Assam, India: A Cross-Sectional Study, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.24043

Dolci M, Signorini L, D’Alessandro S, Perego F, Parapini S, Sommariva M, Taramelli D, Ferrante P, Basilico N and Delbue S (2022) In Vitro SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Effect on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Release, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms23074063, 23:7, (4063)

Zapata M, Banderas García S, Sánchez-Moltalvá A, Falcó A, Otero-Romero S, Arcos G, Velazquez-Villoria D and García-Arumí J (2020) Retinal microvascular abnormalities in patients after COVID-19 depending on disease severity, British Journal of Ophthalmology, 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317953, 106:4, (559-563), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022.

Gori M, Berzuini C, D’Elia E, Ghirardi A, Bernardinelli L, Gavazzi A, Balestrieri G, Giammarresi A, Trevisan R, Di Marco F, Bellasi A, Amoroso M, Raimondi F, Novelli L, Magro B, Mangia G, Lorini F, Guagliumi G, Fagiuoli S, Parati G and Senni M (2021) Antecedent use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors is associated with reduced mortality in elderly hypertensive Covid-19 patients, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003059, 40:4, (666-674), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022.

Aparisi Á, Catalá P, Amat-Santos I, Marcos-Mangas M, López-Otero D, Veras C, López-Pais J, Cabezón-Villalba G, Cacho Antonio C, Candela J, Antúnez-Muiños P, Gil J, González Ferrero T, Rojas G, Pérez-Poza M, Uribarri A, Otero-García O, García-Granja P, Jiménez Ramos V, Revilla A, Dueñas C, Gómez I, González-Juanatey J and San Román J (2022) Chronic use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors in hypertensive COVID-19 patients: Results from a Spanish registry and meta-analysis, Medicina Clínica, 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.04.005, 158:7, (315-323), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022.

Aparisi Á, Catalá P, Amat-Santos I, Marcos-Mangas M, López-Otero D, Veras C, López-Pais J, Cabezón-Villalba G, Cacho Antonio C, Candela J, Antúnez-Muiños P, Gil J, González Ferrero T, Rojas G, Pérez-Poza M, Uribarri A, Otero-García O, García-Granja P, Jiménez Ramos V, Revilla A, Dueñas C, Gómez I, González-Juanatey J and San Román J (2022) Chronic use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors in hypertensive COVID-19 patients: Results from a Spanish registry and meta-analysis, Medicina Clínica (English Edition), 10.1016/j.medcle.2021.04.026, 158:7, (315-323), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022.

Ferrario C, Groban L, Wang H, Sun X, VonCannon J, Wright K and Ahmad S (2022) The renin–angiotensin system biomolecular cascade: a 2022 update of newer insights and concepts, Kidney International Supplements, 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.002, 12:1, (36-47), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022.

Singh B, Singh D, Verma V, Yadav R and Kumar R (2022) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19: A review, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.12.003, 12:2, (215-220), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022.

Sudhakar M, Winfred S, Meiyazhagan G and Venkatachalam D (2022) Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 10.1007/s11010-022-04356-w, 477:4, (1155-1193), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2022.

Kosacka J, Berger C, Ceglarek U, Hoffmann A, Blüher M and Klöting N (2022) Ramipril Reduces Acylcarnitines and Distinctly Increases Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Expression in Lungs of Rats, Metabolites, 10.3390/metabo12040293, 12:4, (293)

Sifaat M, Patel P, Sheikh R, Ghaffar D, Vaishnav H, Nahar L, Rupani S, Quadri S and Anand V (2022) Cardiorenal Disease in COVID-19 Patients, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1155/2022/4640788, 2022, (1-6), Online publication date: 18-Mar-2022.

Sveklina T, Tyuryupov M, Medvedeva V, Shustov S, Kuchmin A and Kozlov V (2022) The effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers on the course of COVID-19 in patients with arterial hypertension, "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"), 10.18705/1607-419X-2021-27-6-653-661, 27:6, (653-661)

Cheburkin Y, Sonin D, Polozov A, Mateikovich P, Savochkina E and Galagudza M (2022) The role of membrane and circulating forms of ACE 2 in pathological processes in COVID-19 infection, "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"), 10.18705/1607-419X-2021-27-6-608-616, 27:6, (608-616)

Baigent C, Windecker S, Andreini D, Arbelo E, Barbato E, Bartorelli A, Baumbach A, Behr E, Berti S, Bueno H, Capodanno D, Cappato R, Chieffo A, Collet J, Cuisset T, de Simone G, Delgado V, Dendale P, Dudek D, Edvardsen T, Elvan A, González-Juanatey J, Gori M, Grobbee D, Guzik T, Halvorsen S, Haude M, Heidbuchel H, Hindricks G, Ibanez B, Karam N, Katus H, Klok F, Konstantinides S, Landmesser U, Leclercq C, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Marenzi G, Mauri J, Metra M, Morici N, Mueller C, Petronio A, Polovina M, Potpara T, Praz F, Prendergast B, Prescott E, Price S, Pruszczyk P, Rodríguez-Leor O, Roffi M, Romaguera R, Rosenkranz S, Sarkozy A, Scherrenberg M, Seferovic P, Senni M, Spera F, Stefanini G, Thiele H, Tomasoni D, Torracca L, Touyz R, Wilde A and Williams B (2021) ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2—care pathways, treatment, and follow-up, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab697, 43:11, (1059-1103), Online publication date: 14-Mar-2022.

Baigent C, Windecker S, Andreini D, Arbelo E, Barbato E, Bartorelli A, Baumbach A, Behr E, Berti S, Bueno H, Capodanno D, Cappato R, Chieffo A, Collet J, Cuisset T, de Simone G, Delgado V, Dendale P, Dudek D, Edvardsen T, Elvan A, González-Juanatey J, Gori M, Grobbee D, Guzik T, Halvorsen S, Haude M, Heidbuchel H, Hindricks G, Ibanez B, Karam N, Katus H, Klok F, Konstantinides S, Landmesser U, Leclercq C, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Marenzi G, Mauri J, Metra M, Morici N, Mueller C, Petronio A, Polovina M, Potpara T, Praz F, Prendergast B, Prescott E, Price S, Pruszczyk P, Rodríguez-Leor O, Roffi M, Romaguera R, Rosenkranz S, Sarkozy A, Scherrenberg M, Seferovic P, Senni M, Spera F, Stefanini G, Thiele H, Tomasoni D, Torracca L, Touyz R, Wilde A and Williams B (2021) European Society of Cardiology guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 1—epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab696, 43:11, (1033-1058), Online publication date: 14-Mar-2022.

Nappi F and Avtaar Singh S (2022) Endothelial Dysfunction in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Biomedicines, 10.3390/biomedicines10030654, 10:3, (654)

Brooks S, Smith R, Moreira A and Ackerman H (2022) Oral Lisinopril Raises Tissue Levels of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, in Healthy Male and Female Mice, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2022.798349, 13

Banihani S and Md Akim A (2022) Possible Beneficial Effects of Fresh Pomegranate Juice in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Conditions, Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 10.1155/2022/5134560, 2022, (1-7), Online publication date: 5-Mar-2022.

Katsi V, Pavlidis G, Charalambous G, Tousoulis D and Toutouzas K COVID-19, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition: Implications for Practice, Current Hypertension Reviews, 10.2174/1573402117666210121100201, 18:1, (3-10)

Shiravi A, Saadatkish M, Abdollahi Z, Miar P, Khanahmad H and Zeinalian M (2022) Vitamin D can be effective on the prevention of COVID-19 complications: A narrative review on molecular aspects, International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 10.1024/0300-9831/a000676, 92:2, (134-146), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2022.

Kita T and Kitamura K (2022) Adrenomedullin Therapy in Moderate to Severe COVID-19, Biomedicines, 10.3390/biomedicines10030533, 10:3, (533)

Theodorakopoulou M, Alexandrou M, Boutou A, Ferro C, Ortiz A and Sarafidis P (2021) Renin–angiotensin system blockers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an update for patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease, Clinical Kidney Journal, 10.1093/ckj/sfab272, 15:3, (397-406), Online publication date: 22-Feb-2022.

Labandeira-Garcia J, Labandeira C, Valenzuela R, Pedrosa M, Quijano A and Rodriguez-Perez A (2022) Drugs Modulating Renin-Angiotensin System in COVID-19 Treatment, Biomedicines, 10.3390/biomedicines10020502, 10:2, (502)

Cimino G, Vizzardi E, Calvi E, Pancaldi E, Pascariello G, Bernardi N, Cersosimo A, Amore L, Inciardi R, Raddino R and Metra M (2022) Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 patients assessed with Endo-PAT2000, Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2213

Gao Y, Zhou W, Huang P, Liu H, Bi X, Zhu Y, Sun J, Tang Q, Li L, Zhang J, Zhu W, Cheng X, Liu Y and Deng Y (2022) Persistent Endothelial Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease-2019 Survivors Late After Recovery, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2022.809033, 9

P N, R. N, B. V, S. R and A. S (2022) COVID-19: Invasion, pathogenesis and possible cure – A review, Journal of Virological Methods, 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114434, 300, (114434), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022.

Rahmani W, Chung H, Sinha S, Bui-Marinos M, Arora R, Jaffer A, Corcoran J, Biernaskie J and Chun J (2022) Attenuation of SARS-CoV-2 infection by losartan in human kidney organoids, iScience, 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103818, 25:2, (103818), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022.

Prieto Santamaría L, Díaz Uzquiano M, Ugarte Carro E, Ortiz-Roldán N, Pérez Gallardo Y and Rodríguez-González A (2022) Integrating heterogeneous data to facilitate COVID-19 drug repurposing, Drug Discovery Today, 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.002, 27:2, (558-566), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022.

Jadaun P and Chatterjee S (2022) COVID-19 and dys-regulation of pulmonary endothelium: implications for vascular remodeling, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.003, 63, (69-77), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022.

Niazi S, Niazi F, Doroodgar F and Safi M (2022) The Cardiac Effects of COVID-19: Review of articles, Current Problems in Cardiology, 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100981, 47:2, (100981), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022.

Saed Aldien A, Ganesan G, Wahbeh F, Al-Nassr N, Altarawneh H, Al Theyab L, Saed Aldien S, Tomerak S, Naveed H, Elshazly M and Zakaria D (2022) Systemic Inflammation May Induce Cardiac Injury in COVID-19 Patients Including Children and Adolescents Without Underlying Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review, Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine, 10.1016/j.carrev.2021.04.007, 35, (169-178), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022.

Wu H, Huang C, Daga K, Marklein R, Ivanova N and Zeltner N (2022) Human pluripotent stem cell-derived functional sympathetic neurons express ACE2 and RAAS components: a framework for studying the effect of COVID-19 on sympathetic responsiveness, Clinical Autonomic Research, 10.1007/s10286-021-00850-1, 32:1, (59-63), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2022.

Bisceglia I, Canale M, Gallucci G, Turazza F, Lestuzzi C, Parrini I, Russo G, Maurea N, Quagliariello V, Oliva S, Di Fusco S, Lucà F, Tarantini L, Trambaiolo P, Moreo A, Geraci G, Gabrielli D, Gulizia M, Oliva F and Colivicchi F (2022) Cardio-Oncology in the COVID Era (Co & Co): The Never Ending Story, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2022.821193, 9

John K, Mishra A, Ramasamy C, George A, Selvaraj V and Lal A (2022) Heart failure in COVID-19 patients: Critical care experience, World Journal of Virology, 10.5501/wjv.v11.i1.1, 11:1, (1-19), Online publication date: 25-Jan-2022.

Angeli F, Verdecchia P and Reboldi G (2021) Pharmacotherapy for hypertensive urgency and emergency in COVID-19 patients, Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 10.1080/14656566.2021.1990264, 23:2, (235-242), Online publication date: 22-Jan-2022.

Vukusic K, Thorsell A, Muslimovic A, Jonsson M, Dellgren G, Lindahl A, Sandstedt J and Hammarsten O (2022) Overexpression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in cardiomyocytes of failing hearts, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-022-04956-y, 12:1

Chan J, Assaf O, Guella E, Mustafa S and Kumar N (2022) The prevalence and course of COVID-19 and the Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart, Vessels and Transplantation, 10.24969/hvt.2022.329, 0:Ahead of Print

Montaño L, Sommer B, Solís-Chagoyán H, Romero-Martínez B, Aquino-Gálvez A, Gomez-Verjan J, Calixto E, González-Avila G and Flores-Soto E (2022) Could Lower Testosterone in Older Men Explain Higher COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortalities?, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms23020935, 23:2, (935)

Angeli F, Verdecchia P, Balestrino A, Bruschi C, Ceriana P, Chiovato L, Dalla Vecchia L, Fanfulla F, La Rovere M, Perego F, Scalvini S, Spanevello A, Traversi E, Visca D, Vitacca M and Bachetti T (2022) Renin Angiotensin System Blockers and Risk of Mortality in Hypertensive Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: An Italian Registry, Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 10.3390/jcdd9010015, 9:1, (15)

Chung J (2022) Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19, CardioMetabolic Syndrome Journal, 10.51789/cmsj.2022.2.e7, 2:1, (69)

Cho D, Choi J and Gwon J (2022) Association of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers With the Risk of COVID-19 in Korea, CardioMetabolic Syndrome Journal, 10.51789/cmsj.2022.2.e6, 2:1, (60)

Kurian C, Mayer S, Kaur G, Sahni R, Feldstein E, Samaan M, Viswanathan D, Sami T, Ali S, Al-Shammari H, Bloomfield J, Bravo M, Nuoman R, Gulko E, Gandhi C and Al-Mufti F (2022) Bihemispheric ischemic strokes in patients with COVID-19, Brain Circulation, 10.4103/bc.bc_65_21, 8:1, (10), .

Duvvuri V, Baumgartner A, Molani S, Hernandez P, Yuan D, Roper R, Matos W, Robinson M, Su Y, Subramanian N, Goldman J, Heath J and Hadlock J (2022) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors May Moderate COVID-19 Hyperinflammatory Response: An Observational Study with Deep Immunophenotyping, Health Data Science, 10.34133/hds.0002, 2022, Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022.

Haslbauer J, Stalder A, Zinner C, Bassetti S, Mertz K, Went P, Matter M and Tzankov A (2021) Immunohistochemical and Transcriptional Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Components in Lethal COVID-19, Pathobiology, 10.1159/000520221, 89:3, (166-177), .

Fernández S, Moreno-Castaño A, Palomo M, Martinez-Sanchez J, Torramadé-Moix S, Téllez A, Ventosa H, Seguí F, Escolar G, Carreras E, Nicolás J, Richardson E, García-Bernal D, Carlo-Stella C, Moraleda J, Richardson P, Díaz-Ricart M and Castro P (2021) Distinctive Biomarker Features in the Endotheliopathy of COVID-19 and Septic Syndromes, Shock, 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001823, 57:1, (95-105), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022.

Tleyjeh I, Bin Abdulhak A, Tlayjeh H, Al-Mallah M, Sohail M, Hassett L, Siller-Matula J and Kashour T (2022)(2020) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Hospitalization With COVID-19 Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, American Journal of Therapeutics, 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001319, 29:1, (e74-e84)

Smith S, Desai R, Walsh M, Nilles E, Shaw K, Smith M, Chamberlain A, Derington C, Bress A, Chuang C, Ford D, Taylor B, Chandaka S, Patel L, McClay J, Priest E, Fuloria J, Doshi K, Ahmad F, Viera A, Faulkner M, O'Brien E, Pletcher M and Cooper-DeHoff R (2022) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and COVID-19-related outcomes: A patient-level analysis of the PCORnet blood pressure control lab, American Heart Journal Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice, 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100112, 13, (100112), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022.

John J, Ushakumary M, Chandrasekher S and Chenicheri S (2022) COVID-19 and acute myocardial injury: Stem cell driven tissue remodeling in COVID-19 infection Stem Cells and COVID-19, 10.1016/B978-0-323-89972-7.00001-5, (111-124), .

Dave J, Saito J, Mottola G and Greif D (2022) Out to the tissues The Vasculome, 10.1016/B978-0-12-822546-2.00015-0, (89-98), .

Rizk J, Wenziger C, Tran D, Hashemi L, Moradi H, Streja E and Ahluwalia A (2021) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use Associated with Reduced Mortality and Other Disease Outcomes in US Veterans with COVID-19, Drugs, 10.1007/s40265-021-01639-2, 82:1, (43-54), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022.

Indari O, Jakhmola S, Kashyap D, Baral B, Verma T, Jain K and Jha H (2022) COVID-19 Impact on Host at Pathophysiological and Cellular Level Frontiers of COVID-19, 10.1007/978-3-031-08045-6_5, (67-111), .

Della Bona R, Canale C and Benenati S (2022) Brief Pathophysiology COVID-19 Critical and Intensive Care Medicine Essentials, 10.1007/978-3-030-94992-1_12, (139-146), .

Kuba K, Yamaguchi T and Penninger J (2021) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the Pathogenesis of ARDS in COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732690, 12

Zaheer J, Kim H and Kim J (2021) Correlation of ACE2 with RAS components after Losartan treatment in light of COVID-19, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-03921-5, 11:1

Pan M, Vasbinder A, Anderson E, Catalan T, Shadid H, Berlin H, Padalia K, O’Hayer P, Meloche C, Azam T, Khaleel I, Michaud E, Blakely P, Bitar A, Huang Y, Zhao L, Pop‐Busui R, Loosen S, Chalkias A, Tacke F, Giamarellos‐Bourboulis E, Reiser J, Eugen‐Olsen J and Hayek S (2021) Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID‐19, Journal of the American Heart Association, 10:24, Online publication date: 21-Dec-2021.

Li B, Zeng L, Sun N, Zhao Y, Zhao F, Bian H, Yi W, Yang J, Li B, Su G and Ong K (2021) Hypertension May Reduce the Infection Risk but Increase the Severity of COVID-19: Based on the Current Data in China, International Journal of Hypertension, 10.1155/2021/6594863, 2021, (1-12), Online publication date: 20-Dec-2021.

Mahdi M, Bezawada V, Ozer M, De Deyne P, Nagra B and Kantharia B Cardiac Arrhythmias and COVID-19: Correlation With Disease Severity, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.20507

Sarzani R, Allevi M, Giulietti F, Di Pentima C, Re S, Giordano P and Spannella F (2021) The Identikit of Patient at Risk for Severe COVID-19 and Death: The Dysregulation of Renin-Angiotensin System as the Common Theme, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm10245883, 10:24, (5883)

Simova I, Hristova D, Tzanovska H, Nikolov D, Iakova D, Ivanova A, Pintova M, Pavlov P, Matkov O, Samardjiev T, Kornovski V, Krasnaliev J, Kundurzhiev T, Dimitrov N and Vekov T (2021) Post COVID-19 Conditions and the Cardiovascular System Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic, 10.5772/intechopen.99197

Zhou X, Cheng Z and Hu Y (2021) COVID-19 and Venous Thromboembolism: From Pathological Mechanisms to Clinical Management, Journal of Personalized Medicine, 10.3390/jpm11121328, 11:12, (1328)

Kim G, Melgoza A, Jiang F and Guo S (2021) The effect of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors on organ-specific ace2 expression in zebrafish and its implications for COVID-19, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-03244-5, 11:1

M. Lepkowsky C (2021) COVID-19, Telehealth and Access to Care SARS-CoV-2 Origin and COVID-19 Pandemic Across the Globe, 10.5772/intechopen.99300

Su L, Zhang J, Jiang N, Yang J, He L, Xie Q, Huang R, Wang F, Kashani K, Sun Z, Lu Q and Peng Z (2021) Differential Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on COVID-19, Journal of Translational Critical Care Medicine, 10.4103/2665-9190.329042, 3:1, (10), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Iheanacho C, Odili V and Eze U (2021) Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 prognosis with the use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors: a systematic review, Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10.1186/s43094-021-00224-4, 7:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Kang S, Lee D, Han K, Jung J, Park S, Dai A, Wei H, Yoon C, Youn T, Chae I and Kim C (2021) Hypertension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system-blocking agents, and COVID-19, Clinical Hypertension, 10.1186/s40885-021-00168-0, 27:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Bezabih Y, Bezabih A, Alamneh E, Peterson G and Bezabhe W (2021) Comparison of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors with other antihypertensives in association with coronavirus disease-19 clinical outcomes, BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.1186/s12879-021-06088-6, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Wang W, Zhao X, Wei W, Fan W, Gao K, He S and Zhuang X (2021) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be safe for COVID-19 patients, BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.1186/s12879-021-05821-5, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Gupta R, Agrawal R, Bukhari Z, Jabbar A, Wang D, Diks J, Alshal M, Emechebe D, Brunicardi F, Lazar J, Chamberlain R, Burza A and Haseeb M (2021) Higher comorbidities and early death in hospitalized African-American patients with Covid-19, BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.1186/s12879-021-05782-9, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Changal K, Paternite D, Mack S, Veria S, Bashir R, Patel M, Soni R, Ali M, Mir T, Sheikh M and Ramanathan P (2021) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and QTc prolongation, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 10.1186/s12872-021-01963-1, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Bhatia K, Sritharan H, Ciofani J, Chia J, Allahwala U, Chui K, Nour D, Vasanthakumar S, Khandadai D, Jayadeva P, Bhagwandeen R, Brieger D, Choong C, Delaney A, Dwivedi G, Harris B, Hillis G, Hudson B, Javorski G, Jepson N, Kanagaratnam L, Kotsiou G, Lee A, Lo S, MacIsaac A, McQuillan B, Ranasinghe I, Walton A, Weaver J, Wilson W, Yong A, Zhu J, Van Gaal W, Kritharides L, Chow C and Bhindi R (2021) Association of hypertension with mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19, Open Heart, 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001853, 8:2, (e001853), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Lin S, Sung F, Lin C, Lin C, Hsu W, Liao W, Ho M, Lin P, Hsu C and Kao C (2021) Association of antihypertensives during hospitalisation with acute respiratory failure in patients with viral pneumonia: A population‐based case‐control study, International Journal of Clinical Practice, 10.1111/ijcp.14776, 75:12, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Gault N, Esposito‐Farèse M, Revest M, Inamo J, Cabié A, Polard É, Hulot J, Ghosn J, Chirouze C, Deconinck L, Diehl J, Poissy J, Epaulard O, Lefèvre B, Piroth L, De Montmollin E, Oziol E, Etienne M, Laouénan C, Rossignol P, Costagliola D and Vidal‐Petiot E (2021) Chronic use of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system blockers and mortality in COVID‐19: A multicenter prospective cohort and literature review, Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1111/fcp.12683, 35:6, (1141-1158), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Memon B and Abdelalim E (2021) ACE2 function in the pancreatic islet: Implications for relationship between SARS‐CoV‐2 and diabetes, Acta Physiologica, 10.1111/apha.13733, 233:4, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

(2021) The microvascular hypothesis underlying neurologic manifestations of long COVID-19 and possible therapeutic strategies, Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism, 10.1097/XCE.0000000000000253, 10:4, (193-203), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Anirvan P, Narain S, Hajizadeh N, . Aloor F, Singh S and Satapathy S (2021) Cytokine-induced liver injury in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): untangling the knots, European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 10.1097/MEG.0000000000002034, 33:1S, (e42-e49), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Echeverría-Rodríguez O, Godínez-Chaparro B, Gómez-García M, Mata-Bermúdez A, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Gallardo-Ortíz I and Villalobos-Molina R (2021) Participation of angiotensin-(1-7) in exercise-induced analgesia in rats with neuropathic pain, Peptides, 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170670, 146, (170670), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Rabbani G and Ahn S (2021) Review: Roles of human serum albumin in prediction, diagnoses and treatment of COVID-19, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.095, 193, (948-955), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Zaninotto M, Mion M, Marchioro L, Padoan A and Plebani M (2021) Endothelial dysfunction and Mid-Regional proAdrenomedullin: What role in SARS-CoV-2 infected Patients?, Clinica Chimica Acta, 10.1016/j.cca.2021.09.016, 523, (185-190), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Chen Y, Huang D, Yuan W, Chang J, Yuan Z, Wu D, Han M, Luo X, Ning Q and Yan W (2021) Lower Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Level in Relation to Hyperinflammation and Impaired Antiviral Immune Response Contributes to Progression of COVID-19 Infection, Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 10.1007/s40121-021-00513-8, 10:4, (2431-2446), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Guarnotta V, Ferrigno R, Martino M, Barbot M, Isidori A, Scaroni C, Ferrante A, Arnaldi G, Pivonello R and Giordano C (2020) Glucocorticoid excess and COVID-19 disease, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 10.1007/s11154-020-09598-x, 22:4, (703-714), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Almengló C, Couselo-Seijas M, Agra R, Varela-Román A, García-Acuña J, González-Peteiro M, González-Juanatey J, Eiras S and Álvarez E (2021) Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in heart failure or acute coronary syndrome: revisiting its modulation and prognosis value, Journal of Molecular Medicine, 10.1007/s00109-021-02129-4, 99:12, (1741-1753), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021.

Urmila A, Rashmi P, Nilam G, Subhash B and Li X (2021) Recent Advances in the Endogenous Brain Renin-Angiotensin System and Drugs Acting on It, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1155/2021/9293553, 2021, (1-21), Online publication date: 30-Nov-2021.

Emadi-Baygi M, Ehsanifard M, Afrashtehpour N, Norouzi M and Joz-Abbasalian Z (2021) Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a System-Level Infectious Disease With Distinct Sex Disparities, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778913, 12

Badraoui R, Alrashedi M, El-May M and Bardakci F (2020) Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 10.1080/07391102.2020.1803139, 39:17, (6842-6851), Online publication date: 22-Nov-2021.

Okoloko O, Vanderwall E, Rich L, White M, Reeves S, Harrington W, Barrow K and Debley J (2021) Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Treatment on ACE2 Expression and SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2021.765951, 12

Xie L, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Chen Y, Lu D and Wu W (2021) COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, Mutual Effects and Pharmacotherapy, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10.3389/fendo.2021.772865, 12

Abufool L and Al-Ozaibi L (2021) Intestinal Ischemia as a Complication of COVID-19, Dubai Medical Journal, 10.1159/000519999, 5:1, (58-61)

Higashikuni Y, Liu W, Obana T and Sata M (2021) Pathogenic Basis of Thromboinflammation and Endothelial Injury in COVID-19: Current Findings and Therapeutic Implications, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms222112081, 22:21, (12081)

Ionescu M, Stoian A, Rizzo M, Serban D, Nuzzo D, Mazilu L, Suceveanu A, Dascalu A and Parepa I (2021) The Role of Endothelium in COVID-19, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms222111920, 22:21, (11920)

Spini A, Giudice V, Brancaleone V, Morgese M, De Francia S, Filippelli A, Ruggieri A, Ziche M, Ortona E, Cignarella A and Trabace L (2021) Sex-tailored pharmacology and COVID-19: Next steps towards appropriateness and health equity, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105848, 173, (105848), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.

Xu B, Li G, Guo J, Ikezoe T, Kasirajan K, Zhao S and Dalman R (2021) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, coronavirus disease 2019, and abdominal aortic aneurysms, Journal of Vascular Surgery, 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.01.051, 74:5, (1740-1751), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.

Karim M, Sultana S, Sultana R and Rahman M (2021) Possible Benefits of Zinc supplement in CVD and COVID-19 Comorbidity, Journal of Infection and Public Health, 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.022, 14:11, (1686-1692), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.

Angeli F, Zappa M, Reboldi G, Trapasso M, Cavallini C, Spanevello A and Verdecchia P (2021) The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection: One year later, European Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.09.007, 93, (28-34), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.

Baker J, Incognito A, Wilson R and Raj S (2021) Syncope and silent hypoxemia in COVID-19: Implications for the autonomic field, Autonomic Neuroscience, 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102842, 235, (102842), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.

Khodabakhsh P, Asgari Taei A, Mohseni M, Bahrami Zanjanbar D, Khalili H, Masoumi K, Haji Abbas Shirazi A and Dargahi L (2021) Vasoactive Peptides: Role in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Potential Use as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets, Archives of Medical Research, 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.05.007, 52:8, (777-787), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.

Ren A, Digby R and Needham E (2021) Neurological update: COVID-19, Journal of Neurology, 10.1007/s00415-021-10581-y, 268:11, (4379-4387), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.

Chamata Y, Jackson K, Watson K and Jauregi P (2021) Whey-Derived Peptides at the Heart of the COVID-19 Pandemic, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms222111662, 22:21, (11662)

Latha V (2021) Progression of knowledge in diabetes mellitus and covid-19, International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2021.035, 8:3, (163-168), Online publication date: 28-Oct-2021.

Hu Y, Liu L and Lu X (2021) Regulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: A Potential Target to Prevent COVID-19?, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10.3389/fendo.2021.725967, 12

Akinbolagbe Y, Otrofanowei E, Akase I, Akintan P, Ima-Edomwonyi U, Olopade B, Agabi O, Nmadu D, Akinbode G, Opawoye A, Olasope A, Ogundare A, Bolarinwa B, Otokiti E, Enajeroh P, Karami M and Esezobor C (2021)(2022) Predictors and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia in Lagos, Nigeria, Journal of the Pan African Thoracic Society, 10.25259/JPATS_25_2021, 3, (42-50)

Cremer S, Pilgram L, Berkowitsch A, Stecher M, Rieg S, Shumliakivska M, Bojkova D, Wagner J, Aslan G, Spinner C, Luxán G, Hanses F, Dolff S, Piepel C, Ruppert C, Guenther A, Rüthrich M, Vehreschild J, Wille K, Haselberger M, Heuzeroth H, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Cinatl J, Ciesek S, Dimmeler S, Borgmann S, Zeiher A and Taniyama Y (2021) Angiotensin II receptor blocker intake associates with reduced markers of inflammatory activation and decreased mortality in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and COVID-19 disease, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0258684, 16:10, (e0258684)

Daher J (2021) Endothelial dysfunction and COVID‑19 (Review), Biomedical Reports, 10.3892/br.2021.1478, 15:6

Greco M, Suppressa S, Lazzari R, Sicuro F, Catanese C and Lobreglio G (2021) sFlt-1 and CA 15.3 are indicators of endothelial damage and pulmonary fibrosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-99470-y, 11:1

Isaac-Lam M (2021) Molecular modeling of the interaction of ligands with ACE2–SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex, In Silico Pharmacology, 10.1007/s40203-021-00114-w, 9:1

Shao S, Yang Q, Pan R, Yu X and Chen Y (2021) Interaction of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Diabetes, Frontiers in Endocrinology, 10.3389/fendo.2021.731974, 12

Abdelmoaty M, Yeapuri P, Machhi J, Olson K, Shahjin F, Kumar V, Zhou Y, Liang J, Pandey K, Acharya A, Byrareddy S, Mosley R and Gendelman H (2021) Defining the Innate Immune Responses for SARS-CoV-2-Human Macrophage Interactions, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741502, 12

Akyüz A, Işık F, Aslan B, Çap M, Kaya İ, Atlı Ö, İnci Ü, Taştan E, Aktan A, Bilge Ö, Okşul M, Aydın E, Karahan Z, Altıntaş D, Altındağ R, Adıyaman M and Altıntaş B (2021) The effect of RAAS inhibitors on acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and in-hospital mortality in the hypertensive Covid-19 patients, Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 10.1080/10641963.2021.1916947, 43:7, (587-596), Online publication date: 3-Oct-2021.

Tam C, Siu C and Tse H (2021) Challenges in Management of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction during COVID-19 Pandemic, Cardiology Plus, 10.4103/2470-7511.334400, 6:4, (218-230), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Sadeghzadeh‐Bazargan A, Rezai M, Najar Nobari N, Mozafarpoor S and Goodarzi A (2021) Skin manifestations as potential symptoms of diffuse vascular injury in critical COVID ‐19 patients , Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 10.1111/cup.14059, 48:10, (1266-1276), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Shimada N, Shimada H, Itaya Y and Tomino Y (2020) Novel coronavirus disease in patients with end‐stage kidney disease, Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis, 10.1111/1744-9987.13599, 25:5, (544-550), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

De A, Dash M, Tiwari A and Sinha A (2021) Malaria, COVID-19 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: what does the available population data say?, Open Biology, 10.1098/rsob.210213, 11:10, Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Ventura D, Carr A, Davis R, Silvestry S, Bogar L, Raval N, Gries C, Hayes J, Oliveira E, Sniffen J, Allison S, Herrera V, Jennings D, Page R, McDyer J and Ensor C (2021) Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Antagonism in 2019 Novel Coronavirus Acute Lung Injury, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/ofid/ofab170, 8:10, Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Behl T, Shah S, Kaur I, Yadav S, Kanwar R, Seth S, Wig N, Sharma K and Yadav H (2021) Role of ACE 2 and Vitamin D: The Two Players in Global Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic, Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India), 10.1055/s-0041-1729781, 57:04, (186-196), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Gawaz A and Guenova E (2021) Microvascular Skin Manifestations Caused by COVID-19, Hämostaseologie, 10.1055/a-1581-6899, 41:05, (387-396), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Mizera L and Borst O (2021) COVID-19 and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Injury, Hämostaseologie, 10.1055/a-1554-6416, 41:05, (356-364), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Sarı C, Şimşek E and Özdoğan Ö (2020) The outcomes of the postulated interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the renin-angiotensin system on the clinician’s attitudes toward hypertension treatment, Journal of Human Hypertension, 10.1038/s41371-020-00436-w, 35:10, (828-836), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Iwanski J, Kazmouz S, Li S, Stansfield B, Salem T, Perez-Miller S, Kazui T, Jena L, Uhrlaub J, Lick S, Nikolich-Žugich J, Konhilas J, Gregorio C, Khanna M, Campos S and Churko J (2021) Antihypertensive drug treatment and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in human PSC-derived cardiomyocytes and primary endothelial cells, Stem Cell Reports, 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.018, 16:10, (2459-2472), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Dean A, Bozza W, Twomey J, Luo S, Nalli A and Zhang B (2021) The fight against COVID-19: Striking a balance in the renin–angiotensin system, Drug Discovery Today, 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.006, 26:10, (2214-2220), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Touyz R, Boyd M, Guzik T, Padmanabhan S, McCallum L, Delles C, Mark P, Petrie J, Rios F, Montezano A, Sykes R and Berry C (2021) Cardiovascular and Renal Risk Factors and Complications Associated With COVID-19, CJC Open, 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.05.020, 3:10, (1257-1272), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Sandhu A, Kohsaka S, Lin S, Woo C, Goldstein M and Heidenreich P (2021) Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis from the veteran's affairs healthcare system, American Heart Journal, 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.06.004, 240, (46-57), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Fagyas M, Bánhegyi V, Úri K, Enyedi A, Lizanecz E, Mányiné I, Mártha L, Fülöp G, Radovits T, Pólos M, Merkely B, Kovács Á, Szilvássy Z, Ungvári Z, Édes I, Csanádi Z, Boczán J, Takács I, Szabó G, Balla J, Balla G, Seferovic P, Papp Z and Tóth A (2021) Changes in the SARS-CoV-2 cellular receptor ACE2 levels in cardiovascular patients: a potential biomarker for the stratification of COVID-19 patients, GeroScience, 10.1007/s11357-021-00467-2, 43:5, (2289-2304), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Bargehr J, Rericha P, Petchey A, Colzani M, Moule G, Malgapo M, Rassl D, Tarkin J, Mellor G, Sampaziotis F, Brevini T, Gambardella L, Bennett M and Sinha S (2021) Cardiovascular ACE2 receptor expression in patients undergoing heart transplantation, ESC Heart Failure, 10.1002/ehf2.13528, 8:5, (4119-4129), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021.

Formanowicz D, Gutowska K, Szawulak B and Formanowicz P (2021) The Crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the RAA System in Essential Hypertension—Analyses Using Systems Approach, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms221910518, 22:19, (10518)

Duarte L, Gálvez N, Iturriaga C, Melo-González F, Soto J, Schultz B, Urzúa M, González L, Vázquez Y, Ríos M, Berríos-Rojas R, Rivera-Pérez D, Moreno-Tapia D, Pacheco G, Vallejos O, Hoppe-Elsholz G, Navarrete M, Rojas Á, Fasce R, Fernández J, Mora J, Ramírez E, Zeng G, Meng W, González-Aramundiz J, González P, Abarca K, Bueno S and Kalergis A (2021) Immune Profile and Clinical Outcome of Breakthrough Cases After Vaccination With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742914, 12

Li C, Wang D and Zhao C (2021) Cardiovascular involvement in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease, Journal of Translational Internal Medicine, 10.2478/jtim-2021-0016, 9:3, (152-160), Online publication date: 28-Sep-2021., Online publication date: 1-Sep-2021.

Mohaghegh S, Motie P and Motamedian S (2021) Role of ACE2 polymorphism in COVID-19: impact of age, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 10.1515/cclm-2020-1877, 59:10, (1623-1627), Online publication date: 27-Sep-2021., Online publication date: 1-Sep-2021.

Liabeuf S, Moragny J, Bennis Y, Batteux B, Brochot E, Schmit J, Lanoix J, Andrejak C, Ganry O, Slama M, Maizel J, Mahjoub Y, Masmoudi K and Gras-Champel V (2020) Association between renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and COVID-19 complications, European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvaa062, 7:5, (426-434), Online publication date: 21-Sep-2021.

Liao M, Wu C, Wu S, Lee M, Hu W, Tsai K, Yang C, Lu C, Chiu S and Lu K (2021) Resveratrol as an Adjunctive Therapy for Excessive Oxidative Stress in Aging COVID-19 Patients, Antioxidants, 10.3390/antiox10091440, 10:9, (1440)

Silva R, Goulart C, Oliveira M, Tacao G, Back G, Severin R, Faghy M, Arena R and Borghi-Silva A (2021) Cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle damage due to COVID-19: making the urgent case for rehabilitation, Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 10.1080/17476348.2021.1893169, 15:9, (1107-1120), Online publication date: 2-Sep-2021.

Iqubal A, Iqubal M, Hoda F, Najmi A and Haque S (2021) COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications: an update from the underlying mechanism to consequences and possible clinical intervention, Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 10.1080/14787210.2021.1893692, 19:9, (1083-1092), Online publication date: 2-Sep-2021.

CAPPANNOLI L, SCACCIAVILLANI R, IANNACCONE G, ANASTASIA G, DI GIUSTO F and CREA F 2019 novel Coronavirus: current knowledge, cardiovascular implications and management, Minerva Cardiology and Angiology, 10.23736/S2724-5683.20.05311-6, 69:4

Baggen J, Vanstreels E, Jansen S and Daelemans D (2021) Cellular host factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, Nature Microbiology, 10.1038/s41564-021-00958-0, 6:10, (1219-1232)

Sun X, Wang H, Hodge H, Wright K, Ahmad S, Ferrario C and Groban L (2021) Amplifying effect of chronic lisinopril therapy on diastolic function and the angiotensin-(1-7) Axis by the G1 agonist in ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats, Translational Research, 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.04.004, 235, (62-76), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2021.

Karnik M, Beeraka N, Uthaiah C, Nataraj S, Bettadapura A, Aliev G and Madhunapantula S (2021) A Review on SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neuroinflammation, Neurodevelopmental Complications, and Recent Updates on the Vaccine Development, Molecular Neurobiology, 10.1007/s12035-021-02399-6, 58:9, (4535-4563), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2021.

Chen J, Hall S and Vitetta L (2021) Altered gut microbial metabolites could mediate the effects of risk factors in Covid‐19, Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.1002/rmv.2211, 31:5, (1-13), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2021.

Triposkiadis F, Xanthopoulos A, Giamouzis G, Boudoulas K, Starling R, Skoularigis J, Boudoulas H and Iliodromitis E (2021) ACE2, the Counter-Regulatory Renin–Angiotensin System Axis and COVID-19 Severity, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm10173885, 10:17, (3885)

Zhou Y, Xie Y, Tang L, Pu D, Zhu Y, Liu J and Ma X (2021) Therapeutic targets and interventional strategies in COVID-19: mechanisms and clinical studies, Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 10.1038/s41392-021-00733-x, 6:1

Liao W and Wu J (2020) The ACE2/Ang (1–7)/MasR axis as an emerging target for antihypertensive peptides, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 10.1080/10408398.2020.1781049, 61:15, (2572-2586), Online publication date: 22-Aug-2021.

Fodor A, Tiperciuc B, Login C, Orasan O, Lazar A, Buchman C, Hanghicel P, Sitar-Taut A, Suharoschi R, Vulturar R, Cozma A and Jakovljevic V (2021) Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in COVID-19—Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 10.1155/2021/8671713, 2021, (1-15), Online publication date: 21-Aug-2021.

Al-Zaidan L, Mestiri S, Raza A, Merhi M, Inchakalody V, Fernandes Q, Taib N, Uddin S and Dermime S The expression of hACE2 receptor protein and its involvement in SARS-CoV-2 entry, pathogenesis, and its application as potential therapeutic target, Tumor Biology, 10.3233/TUB-200084, 43:1, (177-196)

Dayaramani C, De Leon J and Reiss A (2021) Cardiovascular Disease Complicating COVID-19 in the Elderly, Medicina, 10.3390/medicina57080833, 57:8, (833)

Reus P, Schneider A, Ulshöfer T, Henke M, Bojkova D, Cinatl J, Ciesek S, Geisslinger G, Laux V, Grättinger M, Gribbon P and Schiffmann S (2021) Characterization of ACE Inhibitors and AT1R Antagonists with Regard to Their Effect on ACE2 Expression and Infection with SARS-CoV-2 Using a Caco-2 Cell Model, Life, 10.3390/life11080810, 11:8, (810)

Loader J, Lampa E, Gustafsson S, Cars T and Sundström J (2021) Renin‐Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Primary Prevention and COVID‐19, Journal of the American Heart Association, 10:15, Online publication date: 3-Aug-2021.

Gupta V, Murthy M and Patil S Can Host Cell Proteins Like ACE2, ADAM17, TMPRSS2, Androgen Receptor be the Efficient Targets in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?, Current Drug Targets, 10.2174/1389450121999201125201112, 22:10, (1149-1157)

Wang T, Tang R, Ruan H, Chen R, Zhang Z, Sang L, Su X, Yi S, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liu L, Shan H, Lei C, Peng Y, Liu C, Li J, Hong C, Zhang N, Zhong N and Li S (2021) Predictors of fatal outcomes among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients with pre‐existing hypertension in China, The Clinical Respiratory Journal, 10.1111/crj.13382, 15:8, (915-924), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Caballero-Marcos A, Salcedo M, Alonso-Fernández R, Rodríguez-Perálvarez M, Olmedo M, Graus Morales J, Cuervas-Mons V, Cachero A, Loinaz-Segurola C, Iñarrairaegui M, Castells L, Pascual S, Vinaixa-Aunés C, González-Grande R, Otero A, Tomé S, Tejedor-Tejada J, Álamo-Martínez J, González-Diéguez L, Nogueras-Lopez F, Blanco-Fernández G, Muñoz-Bartolo G, Bustamante F, Fábrega E, Romero-Cristóbal M, Martin-Mateos R, Del Rio-Izquierdo J, Arias-Milla A, Calatayud L, Marcacuzco-Quinto A, Fernández-Alonso V, Gómez-Gavara C, Colmenero J, Muñoz P and Pons J (2021) Changes in humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients compared to immunocompetent patients, American Journal of Transplantation, 10.1111/ajt.16599, 21:8, (2876-2884), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Liu Y, Li Y, Xu D, Zhang J and Peng Z (2021) Severe COVID-19: Immunosuppression or Hyperinflammation?, Shock, 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001724, 56:2, (188-199), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Bavishi C, Whelton P, Mancia G, Corrao G and Messerli F (2021) Reply, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002877, 39:8, (1726-1727), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Nami B, Ghanaeian A, Ghanaeian K, Houri R, Nami N, Ghasemi-Dizgah A and Caluseriu O (2021) The interaction of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein with drug-inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme 2 studied by molecular dynamics simulation, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002829, 39:8, (1705-1716), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Chen K, Park K and Spence J (2021) Studying SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and therapeutic responses with complex organoids, Nature Cell Biology, 10.1038/s41556-021-00721-x, 23:8, (822-833), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Kai H, Kai M, Niiyama H, Okina N, Sasaki M, Maeda T and Katoh A (2021) Overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by renin-angiotensin system inhibitors. Truth or myth? A systematic review of animal studies, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/s41440-021-00641-1, 44:8, (955-968), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Govender N, Khaliq O, Moodley J and Naicker T (2021) Insulin resistance in COVID-19 and diabetes, Primary Care Diabetes, 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.04.004, 15:4, (629-634), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Loh Y, Chan S, Oo C and Yam M (2021) Discovery of trans-3,4,4′-trihydroxystilbene as new lead vasorelaxant agent for antihypertensive drug development, Life Sciences, 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119560, 278, (119560), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Montanari M, Canonico B, Nordi E, Vandini D, Barocci S, Benedetti S, Carlotti E and Zamai L (2021) Which ones, when and why should renin-angiotensin system inhibitors work against COVID-19?, Advances in Biological Regulation, 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100820, 81, (100820), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Sarkar S, Das D, Borsingh Wann S, Kalita J and Manna P (2021) Is diabetes mellitus a wrongdoer to COVID-19 severity?, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108936, 178, (108936), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Almutlaq M, Alamro A, Alroqi F and Barhoumi T (2021) Classical and Counter-Regulatory Renin–Angiotensin System: Potential Key Roles in COVID-19 Pathophysiology, CJC Open, 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.04.004, 3:8, (1060-1074), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Hua S, Yang Y, Zou D, Li J, Yan K, Xu Y, Jiang X, Rong X and Ye D (2021) COVID-19 and metabolic comorbidities: An update on emerging evidences for optimal therapies, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111685, 140, (111685), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Kerneis M and Montalescot G (2021) RAS inhibition and COVID-19: more questions than answers?, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00233-2, 9:8, (807-809), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Bauer A, Schreinlechner M, Sappler N, Dolejsi T, Tilg H, Aulinger B, Weiss G, Bellmann-Weiler R, Adolf C, Wolf D, Pirklbauer M, Graziadei I, Gänzer H, von Bary C, May A, Wöll E, von Scheidt W, Rassaf T, Duerschmied D, Brenner C, Kääb S, Metzler B, Joannidis M, Kain H, Kaiser N, Schwinger R, Witzenbichler B, Alber H, Straube F, Hartmann N, Achenbach S, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, von Stülpnagel L, Schoenherr S, Forer L, Embacher-Aichhorn S, Mansmann U, Rizas K, Massberg S, Bantkowiak M, Baur G, Baylacher M, Beaucamp M, Berger M, Besch L, Brunner S, Budweiser S, Bugger H, Coletti R, Dorwarth U, Egresits J, Eiffener E, Faul C, Finkenstedt A, Gatos K, Gauchel N, Gindele F, Grander W, Gunschl M, Hartig F, Hecht M, Heer T, Heger L, Hentrich M, Horvath L, Keta D, Kiechl S, Kirchmaier R, Klein A, Klemm M, Kolesnik E, König A, Kossmann H, Kropacek J, Lanser L, Lother A, Löw A, Mahabadi A, Malleier S, Mayer G, Müller C, Müller-Wieland D, Nagel B, Neuwirt H, Olivier C, Raunegger T, Reindl M, Reinstadler S, Riesinger L, Schäffner M, Schier J, Schock J, Schönherr P, Schulz M, Schütz T, Schwarz J, Siebermair J, Siry M, Spaur A, Sturm W, Tessadri K, Theurl F, Theurl M, Thommes L, Tiller C, Toifl M, Totzeck M, von zur Mühlen H, Vonderlin N, Wakili R, Wendtner C, Wenner F, Wimmert-Roidl D and Zabernigg A (2021) Discontinuation versus continuation of renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors in COVID-19 (ACEI-COVID): a prospective, parallel group, randomised, controlled, open-label trial, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00214-9, 9:8, (863-872), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Huemer F, Rinnerthaler G, Jörg B, Morre P, Stegbuchner B, Proksch E, Fleimisch S, Oberkofler H, Kremser I, Greil R and Egle A (2021) Results of a hospitalization policy of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic COVID-19-positive long-term care facility residents in the province of Salzburg—a report from the AGMT COVID-19 Registry, GeroScience, 10.1007/s11357-021-00352-y, 43:4, (1877-1897), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Boutin S, Hildebrand D, Boulant S, Kreuter M, Rüter J, Pallerla S, Velavan T and Nurjadi D (2021) Host factors facilitating SARS‐CoV‐2 virus infection and replication in the lungs, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 10.1007/s00018-021-03889-5, 78:16, (5953-5976), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Naveed H, Elshafeey A, Al‐Ali D, Janjua E, Nauman A, Kawas H, Kaul R, Saed Aldien A, Elshazly M and Zakaria D (2021) The Interplay Between the Immune System, the Renin‐Angiotensin‐Aldosterone System (RAAS), and RAAS Inhibitors May Modulate the Outcome of COVID‐19: A Systematic Review, The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1002/jcph.1852, 61:8, (987-1000), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021.

Burhamah W, Qahi I, Oroszlányová M, Shuaibi S, Alhunaidi R, Alduwailah M, Alhenaidi M and Mohammad Z Prognostic Factors and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality Among COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: An Aid for Triage, Counseling, and Resource Allocation, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.16577

Dunaieva І and Kravchun N (2021) About the Problem of Arterial Hypertension as a Risk Factor in the COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions and its Treatment (Literature Review), Lviv clinical bulletin, 10.25040/lkv2021.01-02.031, 1-2:33-34, (31-36), Online publication date: 19-Jul-2021.

Oliveira J, Gameiro J, Bernardo J, Marques F, Costa C, Branco C, Duarte I, Fonseca J, Carreiro C, Braz S and Lopes J (2021) Impact of Chronic RAAS Use in Elderly COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm10143147, 10:14, (3147)

Bastolla U (2021) Mathematical Model of SARS-Cov-2 Propagation Versus ACE2 Fits COVID-19 Lethality Across Age and Sex and Predicts That of SARS, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 10.3389/fmolb.2021.706122, 8

Liu F, Han K, Blair R, Kenst K, Qin Z, Upcin B, Wörsdörfer P, Midkiff C, Mudd J, Belyaeva E, Milligan N, Rorison T, Wagner N, Bodem J, Dölken L, Aktas B, Vander Heide R, Yin X, Kolls J, Roy C, Rappaport J, Ergün S and Qin X (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Infects Endothelial Cells In Vivo and In Vitro, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10.3389/fcimb.2021.701278, 11

Liu F, Liu F and Wang L (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases, Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa064, 13:3, (161-167), Online publication date: 6-Jul-2021.

Mahamud A, Kabir M, Sohag A, Chen C, Hannan M, Sikder M, Bhattarai K, Baral B and Uddin M (2021) Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides: A Promising Substitute to Chemosynthetic Drugs Against the Dysregulated Renin-Angiotensin System in COVID-19 Patients, Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 10.1080/22311866.2021.1945494, 11:4, (325-355), Online publication date: 4-Jul-2021.

Chilimuri S, Zahid M, Mantri N, Sun H, Saleh M, Ashraf S, Gongati S and Adrish M (2021) Potential predictors of outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma: a single-center study, Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 10.1080/20009666.2021.1941577, 11:4, (464-469), Online publication date: 4-Jul-2021.

Caccuri F, Bugatti A, Zani A, De Palma A, Di Silvestre D, Manocha E, Filippini F, Messali S, Chiodelli P, Campisi G, Fiorentini S, Facchetti F, Mauri P and Caruso A (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Infection Remodels the Phenotype and Promotes Angiogenesis of Primary Human Lung Endothelial Cells, Microorganisms, 10.3390/microorganisms9071438, 9:7, (1438)

Hussain M, Jabeen Q, Ahmad F, Kashif-Ur-Rehman , Fatima M, Shaukat S, Majeed A, Barkat M and Wu X (2020) COVID-19 and inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 10.1080/14787210.2021.1851197, 19:7, (815-816), Online publication date: 3-Jul-2021.

Takeshita Y, Terada J, Fujita R, Hirasawa Y, Kinoshita T, Isaka Y, Kinouchi T, Tajima H, Tada Y, Kiryu S and Tsushima K (2021) Coronary artery calcium score may be a novel predictor of COVID-19 prognosis: a retrospective study, BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000923, 8:1, (e000923), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Pati S, Fennern E, Holcomb J, Barry M, Trivedi A, Cap A, Martin M, Wade C, Kozar R, Cardenas J, Rappold J, Spiegel R and Schreiber M (2021) Treating the endotheliopathy of SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection with plasma: Lessons learned from optimized trauma resuscitation with blood products , Transfusion, 10.1111/trf.16452, 61:S1, Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Gormez S, Ekicibasi E, Degirmencioglu A, Paudel A, Erdim R, Gumusel H, Eroglu E, Tanboga I, Dagdelen S, Sariguzel N, Kirisoglu C and Pamukcu B (2020) Association between renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor treatment, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, D-Dimer and clinical severity of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients: a multicenter, observational study, Journal of Human Hypertension, 10.1038/s41371-020-00405-3, 35:7, (588-597), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Balkhi M (2021) Mechanistic understanding of innate and adaptive immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection, Molecular Immunology, 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.021, 135, (268-275), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Ozbalci D (2021) A tale of two diseases: Sarcoidosis, COVID-19 and new therapeutic options with dual RAS inhibition and tetanus-diphtheria vaccine, Medical Hypotheses, 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110619, 152, (110619), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Sackin H (2021) Hypothesis for renin-angiotensin inhibitor mitigation of COVID-19, Medical Hypotheses, 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110609, 152, (110609), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Kinoshita M, Sato K, Vellingiri B, Green S and Tanaka M (2021) Inverse association between hypertension treatment and COVID-19 prevalence in Japan, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.071, 108, (517-521), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Prasetya I, Cucunawangsih , Lorens J, Sungono V, El-Khobar K and Wijaya R (2021) Prognostic value of inflammatory markers in patients with COVID-19 in Indonesia, Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100803, 11, (100803), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

García-Escobar A, Jiménez-Valero S, Galeote G, Jurado-Román A, García-Rodríguez J and Moreno R (2021) The soluble catalytic ectodomain of ACE2 a biomarker of cardiac remodelling: new insights for heart failure and COVID19, Heart Failure Reviews, 10.1007/s10741-020-10066-6, 26:4, (961-971), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Shah H, Khan M, Dhurandhar N and Hegde V (2021) The triumvirate: why hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are risk factors for adverse effects in patients with COVID-19, Acta Diabetologica, 10.1007/s00592-020-01636-z, 58:7, (831-843), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Ferrara F and Vitiello A (2021) The renin-angiotensin system and specifically angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential therapeutic target in SARS-CoV-2 infections, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 10.1007/s00210-021-02108-z, 394:7, (1589-1593), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2021.

Sharifi Y, Payab M, Mohammadi-Vajari E, Aghili S, Sharifi F, Mehrdad N, Kashani E, Shadman Z, Larijani B and Ebrahimpur M (2021) Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and mortality: a review, Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 10.1007/s40200-021-00822-2, 20:2, (1743-1765)

Sfera A, Osorio C, Zapata Martín del Campo C, Pereida S, Maurer S, Maldonado J and Kozlakidis Z (2021) Endothelial Senescence and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, a COVID-19 Based Hypothesis, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 10.3389/fncel.2021.673217, 15

Yalcin H, Sukumaran V, Al-Ruweidi M and Shurbaji S (2021) Do Changes in ACE-2 Expression Affect SARS-CoV-2 Virulence and Related Complications: A Closer Look into Membrane-Bound and Soluble Forms, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms22136703, 22:13, (6703)

Ekholm M and Kahan T (2021) The Impact of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System on Inflammation, Coagulation, and Atherothrombotic Complications, and to Aggravated COVID-19, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2021.640185, 12

Liu L, Zhang X and Li J (2021) New perspectives on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its related diseases, World Journal of Diabetes, 10.4239/wjd.v12.i6.839, 12:6, (839-854), Online publication date: 15-Jun-2021.

Sajdel-Sulkowska E (2021) A Dual-Route Perspective of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lung- vs. Gut-specific Effects of ACE-2 Deficiency, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2021.684610, 12

Pires de Souza G, Osman I, Le Bideau M, Baudoin J, Jaafar R, Devaux C and La Scola B (2021) Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs Antihypertensive Agents) Increase Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 Cells, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10.3389/fcimb.2021.639177, 11

Kragstrup T, Singh H, Grundberg I, Nielsen A, Rivellese F, Mehta A, Goldberg M, Filbin M, Qvist P, Bibby B and Bader M (2021) Plasma ACE2 predicts outcome of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0252799, 16:6, (e0252799)

Restini C, Belavek T, Bernal R, Ibrahim V, Irwin K, Kim M and Merlo C The Significance of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) in SARSCov- 2 Infection and COVID-19, Coronaviruses, 10.2174/2666796701999201218141035, 2:6

Ravichandran B, Grimm D, Krüger M, Kopp S, Infanger M and Wehland M (2021) SARS‐CoV‐2 and hypertension, Physiological Reports, 10.14814/phy2.14800, 9:11, Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Miličić Stanić B, Maddox S, de Souza A, Wu X, Mehranfard D, Ji H, Speth R and Sandberg K (2021) Male bias in ACE2 basic science research: missed opportunity for discovery in the time of COVID-19, American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 10.1152/ajpregu.00356.2020, 320:6, (R925-R937), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Chu C, Zeng S, Hasan A, Hocher C, Krämer B and Hocher B (2020) Comparison of infection risks and clinical outcomes in patients with and without SARS‐CoV‐2 lung infection under renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade: Systematic review and meta‐analysis, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1111/bcp.14660, 87:6, (2475-2492), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Ozkan S, Cakmak F, Konukoglu D, Biberoglu S, Ipekci A, Akdeniz Y, Bolayirli I, Balkan I, Dumanli G and Ikizceli I (2021) Efficacy of Serum Angiotensin II Levels in Prognosis of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019, Critical Care Medicine, 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004967, 49:6, (e613-e623), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Bahat G (2021) Measuring calf circumference: a practical tool to predict skeletal muscle mass via adjustment with BMI, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 10.1093/ajcn/nqab107, 113:6, (1398-1399), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Maiti S, Banerjee A and Kanwar M (2021) In silico Nigellidine (N. sativa) bind to viral spike/active-sites of ACE1/2, AT1/2 to prevent COVID-19 induced vaso-tumult/vascular-damage/comorbidity, Vascular Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106856, 138, (106856), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Vergara A, Jacobs-Cachá C, Molina-Van den Bosch M, Domínguez-Báez P, Benito B, García-Carro C, Serón D and Soler M (2021) Effect of ramipril on kidney, lung and heart ACE2 in a diabetic mice model, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111263, 529, (111263), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Ferrario C, Groban L, Wang H, Cheng C, VonCannon J, Wright K, Sun X and Ahmad S (2021) The Angiotensin-(1–12)/Chymase axis as an alternate component of the tissue renin angiotensin system, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111119, 529, (111119), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

An J, Zhou H, Wei R, Luong T, Gould M, Mefford M, Harrison T, Creekmur B, Lee M, Sim J, Brettler J, Martin J, Ong-Su A and Reynolds K (2021) COVID-19 morbidity and mortality associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers use among 14,129 patients with hypertension from a US integrated healthcare system, International Journal of Cardiology Hypertension, 10.1016/j.ijchy.2021.100088, 9, (100088), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Ungogo M, Mohammed M, Umar B, Bala A and Khalid G (2021) Review of pharmacologic and immunologic agents in the management of COVID-19, Biosafety and Health, 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.01.001, 3:3, (148-155), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Permana H, Huang I, Purwiga A, Kusumawardhani N, Sihite T, Martanto E, Wisaksana R and Soetedjo N (2021) In-hospital use of statins is associated with a reduced risk of mortality in coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19): systematic review and meta-analysis, Pharmacological Reports, 10.1007/s43440-021-00233-3, 73:3, (769-780), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Karuppan M, Devadoss D, Nair M, Chand H and Lakshmana M (2021) SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System-Associated Morbidities and Their Potential Mechanism, Molecular Neurobiology, 10.1007/s12035-020-02245-1, 58:6, (2465-2480), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Maiese A, Manetti A, La Russa R, Di Paolo M, Turillazzi E, Frati P and Fineschi V (2020) Autopsy findings in COVID-19-related deaths: a literature review, Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, 10.1007/s12024-020-00310-8, 17:2, (279-296), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Yahyavi A, Hemmati N, Derakhshan P, Banivaheb B, Karimi Behnagh A, Tofighi R, TehraniYazdi A and Kabir A (2020) Angiotensin enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers as protective factors in COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective cohort study, Internal and Emergency Medicine, 10.1007/s11739-020-02523-9, 16:4, (883-893), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Raghav P, Kalyanaraman K and Kumar D (2021) Human cell receptors: potential drug targets to combat COVID-19, Amino Acids, 10.1007/s00726-021-02991-z, 53:6, (813-842), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Hirata N and Yamakage M (2020) Cardiovascular considerations for anesthesiologists during the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of Anesthesia, 10.1007/s00540-020-02852-1, 35:3, (361-365), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021.

Bae J, Choi S, Kim N, Lee J and Kim S (2021) Use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Severe COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients with Hypertension: A Nationwide Cohort Study, Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 10.4093/dmj.2020.0279, 45:3, (430-438), Online publication date: 31-May-2021.

Grinevich V, Kravchuk Y, Ped V, Sas E, Salikova S, Gubonina I, Tkachenko E, Sitkin S, Lazebnik L, Golovanova E, Belousova E, Makarchuk P, Eremina E, Sarsenbaeva A, Abdulganieva D, Tarasova L, Gromova O, Ratnikov V, Kozlov K and Ratnikova A (2021) Management of patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Russian scientiﬁc medical society of internal medicine (RSMSIM) and the Gastroenterological Scientiﬁc Society of Russia (2nd edition), Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-187-3-5-82:3, (5-82)

Hudakova N, Hricikova S, Kulkarni A, Bhide M, Kontsekova E and Cizkova D (2021) Fundamental and Advanced Therapies, Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2, Pathogens, 10.3390/pathogens10060636, 10:6, (636)

A. Al-Azzawi M and A. Sakr M (2021) Co-Evolution between New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Genetic Diversity: Insights on Population Susceptibility and Potential Therapeutic Innovations Genetic Variation, 10.5772/intechopen.93676

Samanci C, Saylan B, Gulsen G, Akkaya Y, Yesildal M, Akkaya Isik S and Ustabasioglu F (2021) CT visual quantitative evaluation of hypertensive patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Potential influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors / angiotensin receptor blockers on severity of lung involvement, Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 10.1080/10641963.2021.1883051, 43:4, (341-348), Online publication date: 19-May-2021.

Xiang D, Ren X, Chen Q, Yu H, Li X and Liu D (2020) Association of ACEI/ARB, inflammatory cytokines, and antiviral drugs with liver dysfunction in patients with hypertension and COVID-19, Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 10.1080/10641963.2020.1867160, 43:4, (305-310), Online publication date: 19-May-2021.

Kim E, Kim Y, Park J, Jung J, Lee J and Kim H (2021) Evaluation of the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients According to the Presence of Underlying Diseases and Drug Treatment, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph18105342, 18:10, (5342)

Sugraliyev A (2021) Cardiac Involvement in COVID-19, Kardiologiia, 10.18087/cardio.2021.4.n1408, 61:4, (15-23)

Muhamad S, Ugusman A, Kumar J, Skiba D, Hamid A and Aminuddin A (2021) COVID-19 and Hypertension: The What, the Why, and the How, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2021.665064, 12

Li X, Zhong X, Wang Y, Zeng X, Luo T, Liu Q and Lazzeri C (2021) Clinical determinants of the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0250602, 16:5, (e0250602)

You J, Seok J, Joo M, Bae J, Kim J, Park M and Kim K (2021) Multifactorial Traits of SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Related to Diverse Host Proteases and Proteins, Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 10.4062/biomolther.2021.048, 29:3, (249-262), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Lee H, Ahn J, Park J, Kang C, Won S, Kim D, Park J, Chung K, Joh J, Bang J, Kang C, Oh M and Pyun W (2021) Different therapeutic associations of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with usual pneumonia, The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.3904/kjim.2020.656, 36:3, (617-628), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Spaccarotella C, Mazzitelli M, Migliarino S, Curcio A, De Rosa S, Torti C and Indolfi C (2021) Therapy with RAS inhibitors during the COVID-19 pandemic, Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001160, 22:5, (329-334), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

KARABACAK M (2021) COVİD-19 PANDEMİSİNİN KARDİYOVASKÜLER ETKİLERİ CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIA, SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 10.17343/sdutfd.915484, 28:COVİD-19 ÖZEL SAYI, (229-233)

Hakeam H, Alsemari M, Duhailib Z, Ghonem L, Alharbi S, Almutairy E, Sheraim N, Alsalhi M, Alhijji A, AlQahtani S, Khalid M and Barry M (2020) Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Blockers With Severity of COVID-19: A Multicenter, Prospective Study, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10.1177/1074248420976279, 26:3, (244-252), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Flinn B, Royce N, Gress T, Chowdhury N and Santanam N (2021) Dual role for angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection and cardiac fat, Obesity Reviews, 10.1111/obr.13225, 22:5, Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Tetlow S, Segiet‐Swiecicka A, O’Sullivan R, O’Halloran S, Kalb K, Brathwaite‐Shirley C, Alger L, Ankuli A, Baig M, Catmur F, Chan T, Dudley D, Fisher J, Iqbal M, Puczynska J, Wilkins R, Bygate R and Roberts P (2020) ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and endothelial injury in COVID‐19, Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.1111/joim.13202, 289:5, (688-699), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Shi J, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Geng D, Cong D, Shi K and Knapp R (2020) Challenges of drug development during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Key considerations for clinical trial designs, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1111/bcp.14629, 87:5, (2170-2185), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Qiang Z, Wang B, Garrett B, Rainey R and Superko H (2021) Coronavirus disease 2019: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis on cardiovascular biomarkers, Current Opinion in Cardiology, 10.1097/HCO.0000000000000851, 36:3, (367-373), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Oz M, Lorke D and Kabbani N (2021) A comprehensive guide to the pharmacologic regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107750, 221, (107750), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Sanghavi D, Titus A, Caulfield T and David Freeman W (2021) Endotheliitis, endothelin, and endothelin receptor blockers in COVID-19, Medical Hypotheses, 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110564, 150, (110564), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Chang H, Rockman C, Jacobowitz G, Speranza G, Johnson W, Horowitz J, Garg K, Maldonado T, Sadek M and Barfield M (2021) Deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019, Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.09.010, 9:3, (597-604), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Hopkins C, Onweni C, Zambito V, Fairweather D, McCormick K, Ebihara H, Caulfield T, Zhang Y and Freeman W (2021) Platforms for Personalized Polytherapeutics Discovery in COVID-19, Journal of Molecular Biology, 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166945, 433:10, (166945), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Ren L, Yu S, Xu W, Overton J, Chiamvimonvat N and Thai P (2021) Lack of association of antihypertensive drugs with the risk and severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis, Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.10.015, 77:5, (482-491), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Fan H and Wu J (2021) Purification and identification of novel ACE inhibitory and ACE2 upregulating peptides from spent hen muscle proteins, Food Chemistry, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128867, 345, (128867), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Sharif N, Ahmed S, Opu R, Tani M, Dewan D, Daullah M, Shanto R, Parvez A, Talukder A and Dey S (2021) Prevalence and impact of diabetes and cardiovascular disease on clinical outcome among patients with COVID-19 in Bangladesh, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.005, 15:3, (1009-1016), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

VasanthiDharmalingam P, Karuppagounder V, Watanabe K, Karmouty‐Quintana H, Palaniyandi S, Guha A and Thandavarayan R (2021) SARS–CoV-2 Mediated Hyperferritinemia and Cardiac Arrest: Preliminary Insights, Drug Discovery Today, 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.014, 26:5, (1265-1274), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Wei P, Zheng Q, Ye H, Lyu W, Li J and Yang J (2021) Putative antiviral effects of propofol in COVID-19, British Journal of Anaesthesia, 10.1016/j.bja.2021.02.006, 126:5, (e188-e191), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

An X, Zhang Y, Duan L, Jin D, Zhao S, Zhou R, Duan Y, Lian F and Tong X (2021) The direct evidence and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of COVID-19, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111267, 137, (111267), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Chocron R, Duceau B, Gendron N, Ezzouhairi N, Khider L, Trimaille A, Goudot G, Weizman O, Alsac J, Pommier T, Bory O, Cellier J, Philippe A, Geneste L, Ben Abdallah I, Panagides V, El Batti S, Marsou W, Juvin P, Deney A, Messas E, Attou S, Planquette B, Mika D, Gaussem P, Fauvel C, Diehl J, Pezel T, Mirault T, Sutter W, Sanchez O, Bonnet G, Cohen A and Smadja D (2021) D-dimer at hospital admission for COVID-19 are associated with in-hospital mortality, independent of venous thromboembolism: Insights from a French multicenter cohort study, Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.02.003, 114:5, (381-393), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Ferri C, Desideri G and Del Pinto R (2021) Commentary to Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme 2 and Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19: An Update, High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, 10.1007/s40292-021-00446-w, 28:3, (251-252), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Cugno M, Gualtierotti R, Casazza G, Tafuri F, Ghigliazza G, Torri A, Costantino G, Montano N and Peyvandi F (2021) Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 on Renin Angiotensin System Inhibitor Long-Term Treatment: An Observational Study Showing that Things Are Not Always as They Seem, Advances in Therapy, 10.1007/s12325-021-01704-y, 38:5, (2709-2716), Online publication date: 1-May-2021.

Ma Z, Wang M, Liu L, Yu S, Wu T, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Liang H and Yang X (2021) Does taking an angiotensin inhibitor increase the risk for COVID-19? – a systematic review and meta-analysis, Aging, 10.18632/aging.202902, 13:8, (10853-10865), Online publication date: 30-Apr-2021.

Dettlaff-Pokora A and Swierczynski J (2021) Dysregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAA) in Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2-Possible Clinical Consequences, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms22094503, 22:9, (4503)

Derington C, Cohen J, Mohanty A, Greene T, Cook J, Ying J, Wei G, Herrick J, Stevens V, Jones B, Wang L, Zheutlin A, South A, Hanff T, Smith S, Cooper-DeHoff R, King J, Alexander G, Berlowitz D, Ahmad F, Penrod M, Hess R, Conroy M, Fang J, Rubin M, Beddhu S, Cheung A, Xian W, Weintraub W, Bress A and den Uil C (2021) Angiotensin II receptor blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and COVID-19-related outcomes among US Veterans, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0248080, 16:4, (e0248080)

Rysz S, Al-Saadi J, Sjöström A, Farm M, Campoccia Jalde F, Plattén M, Eriksson H, Klein M, Vargas-Paris R, Nyrén S, Abdula G, Ouellette R, Granberg T, Jonsson Fagerlund M and Lundberg J (2021) COVID-19 pathophysiology may be driven by an imbalance in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, Nature Communications, 10.1038/s41467-021-22713-z, 12:1

Kifle Z, Ayele A, Enyew E and Broecker F (2021) Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 10.1155/2021/6631721, 2021, (1-11), Online publication date: 22-Apr-2021.

Kanorskiy S (2021) Treatment of hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic: questions about the blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, 10.21518/2079-701X2021-4-59-67:4, (59-67)

Weir R, Glen C and McDowell K (2020) ACE-2 Downregulation and Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1093/ajh/hpaa191, 34:4, (426-426), Online publication date: 20-Apr-2021.

Ahmadi Badi S, Tarashi S, Fateh A, Rohani P, Masotti A, Siadat S and Filippin Monteiro F (2021) From the Role of Microbiota in Gut-Lung Axis to SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis, Mediators of Inflammation, 10.1155/2021/6611222, 2021, (1-12), Online publication date: 16-Apr-2021.

Simon T, Stoppe C, Breuer T, Stiehler L, Dreher M, Kersten A, Kluge S, Karakas M, Zechendorf E, Marx G and Martin L (2021) Prognostic Value of Bioactive Adrenomedullin in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 in Germany: An Observational Cohort Study, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm10081667, 10:8, (1667)

Bora V and Patel B (2021) The Deadly Duo of COVID-19 and Cancer!, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 10.3389/fmolb.2021.643004, 8

Pavlyukova E, Skidan V, Rosseikin E, Nartsissova G and Karpov R (2021) Heart damage and the role of ultrasonic research in the COVID-19 pandemic, The Siberian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 10.29001/2073-8552-2021-36-1-38-48, 36:1, (38-48)

(2021) A Shot in the Dark! RAAS Inhibitors Cause Severe COVID-19 Infection, Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23796, 25:4, (353-354), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Reddy P, Aluru N and Boggu R (2021) Comparison of Severity of COVID-19 Infection among Patients Using RAAS Inhibitors and Non-RAAS Inhibitors, Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23774, 25:4, (366-368), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Karras A, Livrozet M, Lazareth H, Benichou N, Hulot J, Fayol A, Chauvet S, Jannot A, Penet M, Diehl J, Godier A, Sanchez O, Mirault T, Thervet E and Pallet N (2021) Proteinuria and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10.2215/CJN.09130620, 16:4, (514-521), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Li G, Chen Z, Lv Z, Li H, Chang D, Lu J and Kin T (2021) Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19: Associations and Possible Mechanisms, International Journal of Endocrinology, 10.1155/2021/7394378, 2021, (1-10), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Granger C, Guedeney P, Arnaud C, Guendouz S, Cimadevilla C, Kerneis M, Kerneis C, Zeitouni M, Verdonk C, Legeai C, Lebreton G, Leprince P, Désiré E, Sorrentino S, Silvain J, Montalescot G, Hazan F, Varnous S and Dorent R (2021) Clinical manifestations and outcomes of coronavirus disease‐19 in heart transplant recipients: a multicentre case series with a systematic review and meta‐analysis, Transplant International, 10.1111/tri.13837, 34:4, (721-731), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Khoury E, Knaney Y, Fokra A, Kinaneh S, Azzam Z, Heyman S and Abassi Z (2021) Pulmonary, cardiac and renal distribution of ACE2, furin, TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 in rats with heart failure: Potential implication for COVID‐19 disease, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 10.1111/jcmm.16310, 25:8, (3840-3855), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Bavishi C, Whelton P, Mancia G, Corrao G and Messerli F (2021) Renin–angiotensin-system inhibitors and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002784, 39:4, (784-794), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Demiselle J, Seegers V, Lemerle M, Meziani F, Grelon F, Megarbane B, Anguel N, Mira J, Dequin P, Gergaud S, Weiss N, Legay F, Le Tulzo Y, Conrad M, Robert R, Gonzalez F, Guitton C, Tamion F, Tonnelier J, Bédos J, Van Der Linden T, Vieillard-Baron A, Mariotte E, Pradel G, Lesieur O, Ricard J, Hervé F, du Cheyron D, Guerin C, Teboul J, Helms J, Radermacher P and Asfar P (2021) Prior Exposure to Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Patients With Septic Shock to Individualize Mean Arterial Pressure Target? A Post Hoc Analysis of the Sepsis and Mean Arterial Pressure (SEPSISPAM) Trial*, Critical Care Medicine, 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004872, 49:4, (e412-e422), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Wang H, Saha A, Sun X, Kon N, Ferrario C and Groban L (2021) Atrial appendage angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, aging and cardiac surgical patients: a platform for understanding aging-related coronavirus disease-2019 vulnerabilities, Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000965, 34:2, (187-198), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Assaf A, Haddadin R and Akour A (2021) COVID-19: Between Past and Present, Viral Immunology, 10.1089/vim.2020.0102, 34:3, (145-157), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Smail S, Saeed M, Twana alkasalias , Khudhur Z, Younus D, Rajab M, Abdulahad W, Hussain H, Niaz K and Safdar M (2021) Inflammation, immunity and potential target therapy of SARS-COV-2: A total scale analysis review, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112087, 150, (112087), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Vitiello A, Pelliccia C and Ferrara F (2021) Drugs acting on the renin–angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2, Drug Discovery Today, 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.010, 26:4, (870-874), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Oddy C, Allington J, McCaul J, Keeling P, Senn D, Soni N, Morrison H, Mawella R, Samuel T and Dixon J (2021) Inpatient Omission of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Is Associated With Morbidity and Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019, Clinical Therapeutics, 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.02.004, 43:4, (e97-e110), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Ajmera V, Thompson W, Smith D, Malhotra A, Mehta R, Tolia V, Yin J, Sriram K, Insel P, Collier S, Richards L and Loomba R (2021) RAMIC: Design of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of ramipril in patients with COVID-19, Contemporary Clinical Trials, 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106330, 103, (106330), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Lanzani C, Simonini M, Arcidiacono T, Messaggio E, Bucci R, Betti P, Avino M, Magni G, Maggioni C, Conte C, Querini P, Ciceri F, Castagna A, Vezzoli G and Manunta P (2021) Role of blood pressure dysregulation on kidney and mortality outcomes in COVID-19. Kidney, blood pressure and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infection, Journal of Nephrology, 10.1007/s40620-021-00997-0, 34:2, (305-314), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

SENAPATI S, BANERJEE P, BHAGAVATULA S, KUSHWAHA P and KUMAR S (2021) Contributions of human ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in determining host–pathogen interaction of COVID-19, Journal of Genetics, 10.1007/s12041-021-01262-w, 100:1, Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Gathiram P, Mackraj I and Moodley J (2021) The Renin-Angiotensin System, Hypertension, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: a Review, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-021-01134-9, 23:4, Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Singh S, Widrich C, Nap M, Schokker E, Zwinderman A and Pinto‐Sietsma S (2021) Antihypertensives and their relation to mortality by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.26775, 93:4, (2467-2475), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Yokoyama Y, Aikawa T, Takagi H, Briasoulis A and Kuno T (2020) Association of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors with mortality and testing positive of COVID‐19: Meta‐analysis, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.26588, 93:4, (2084-2089), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Rezaei M, Ziai S, Fakhri S and Pouriran R (2020) ACE2: Its potential role and regulation in severe acute respiratory syndrome and COVID‐19, Journal of Cellular Physiology, 10.1002/jcp.30041, 236:4, (2430-2442), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021.

Tsymbaliuk V, Tronko M, Antypkin Y, Kushnirenko S and Popova V (2021) Diabetes mellitus in combination with COVID-19: modern views on therapy, REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, 10.18370/2309-4117.2021.57.8-20:57, (8-20)

Lee K, Yap S, Ngeow Y and Lye M (2021) COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph18073554, 18:7, (3554)

Zhang Y, Sha T, Wu F, Hu H, Chen Z, Li H, Han J, Song W, Huang Q and Zeng Z (2021) Hypertension in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, International Heart Journal, 10.1536/ihj.20-323, 62:2, (337-343), Online publication date: 30-Mar-2021.

Soler M and Batlle D (2021) COVID-19 and its impact on the kidney and the nephrology community, Clinical Kidney Journal, 10.1093/ckj/sfab039, 14:Supplement_1, (i1-i5), Online publication date: 26-Mar-2021.

Cohen J, South A, Shaltout H, Sinclair M and Sparks M (2021) Renin–angiotensin system blockade in the COVID-19 pandemic, Clinical Kidney Journal, 10.1093/ckj/sfab026, 14:Supplement_1, (i48-i59), Online publication date: 26-Mar-2021.

Nashiry A, Sarmin Sumi S, Islam S, Quinn J and Moni M (2021) Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and hypertensive comorbidities, Briefings in Bioinformatics, 10.1093/bib/bbaa426, 22:2, (1387-1401), Online publication date: 22-Mar-2021.

Issa H, Eid A, Berry B, Takhviji V, Khosravi A, Mantash S, Nehme R, Hallal R, Karaki H, Dhayni K, Faour W, Kobeissy F, Nehme A and Zibara K (2021) Combination of Angiotensin (1-7) Agonists and Convalescent Plasma as a New Strategy to Overcome Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Inhibition for the Treatment of COVID-19, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2021.620990, 8

Li M, Wang Y, Ndiwane N, Orner M, Palacios N, Mittler B, Berlowitz D, Kazis L, Xia W and Kou Y (2021) The association of COVID-19 occurrence and severity with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor blockers in patients with hypertension, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0248652, 16:3, (e0248652)

Subbarayan K, Ulagappan K, Wickenhauser C, Bachmann M and Seliger B (2021) Immune Interaction Map of Human SARS-CoV-2 Target Genes: Implications for Therapeutic Avenues, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2021.597399, 12

Armaly Z, Kinaneh S and Skorecki K (2021) Renal Manifestations of Covid-19: Physiology and Pathophysiology, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm10061216, 10:6, (1216)

Verhoef P, Kannan S, Sturgill J, Tucker E, Morris P, Miller A, Sexton T, Koyner J, Hejal R, Brakenridge S, Moldawer L, Hotchkiss R, Blood T, Mazer M, Bolesta S, Alexander S, Armaignac D, Shein S, Jones C, Hoemann C, Doctor A, Friess S, Parker R, Rotta A and Remy K (2021)(2021) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus 2 Infection and Organ Dysfunction in the ICU: Opportunities for Translational Research, Critical Care Explorations, 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000374, 3:3, (e0374)

Butler D, Mozsary C, Meydan C, Foox J, Rosiene J, Shaiber A, Danko D, Afshinnekoo E, MacKay M, Sedlazeck F, Ivanov N, Sierra M, Pohle D, Zietz M, Gisladottir U, Ramlall V, Sholle E, Schenck E, Westover C, Hassan C, Ryon K, Young B, Bhattacharya C, Ng D, Granados A, Santos Y, Servellita V, Federman S, Ruggiero P, Fungtammasan A, Chin C, Pearson N, Langhorst B, Tanner N, Kim Y, Reeves J, Hether T, Warren S, Bailey M, Gawrys J, Meleshko D, Xu D, Couto-Rodriguez M, Nagy-Szakal D, Barrows J, Wells H, O’Hara N, Rosenfeld J, Chen Y, Steel P, Shemesh A, Xiang J, Thierry-Mieg J, Thierry-Mieg D, Iftner A, Bezdan D, Sanchez E, Campion T, Sipley J, Cong L, Craney A, Velu P, Melnick A, Shapira S, Hajirasouliha I, Borczuk A, Iftner T, Salvatore M, Loda M, Westblade L, Cushing M, Wu S, Levy S, Chiu C, Schwartz R, Tatonetti N, Rennert H, Imielinski M and Mason C (2021) Shotgun transcriptome, spatial omics, and isothermal profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals unique host responses, viral diversification, and drug interactions, Nature Communications, 10.1038/s41467-021-21361-7, 12:1

Park J, Lee S, You S, Kim J, Yang K and Fukumoto Y (2021) Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on Covid-19 patients in Korea, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0248058, 16:3, (e0248058)

Kriszta G, Kriszta Z, Váncsa S, Hegyi P, Frim L, Erőss B, Hegyi P, Pethő G and Pintér E (2021) Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Levels: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Animal Studies, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2021.619524, 12

ElAbd R, AlTarrah D, AlYouha S, Bastaki H, Almazeedi S, Al-Haddad M, Jamal M and AlSabah S (2021) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) Are Protective Against ICU Admission and Mortality for Patients With COVID-19 Disease, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2021.600385, 8

Aly R, Gupta S, Singh B, Kaur P, Kim K and Gupta S (2021) The use of direct acting oral anticoagulants in patients with COVID-19 infection, Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 10.1080/20009666.2020.1867295, 11:2, (184-186), Online publication date: 4-Mar-2021.

Kumar V (2020) Emerging Human Coronavirus Infections (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19): Where They Are Leading Us, International Reviews of Immunology, 10.1080/08830185.2020.1800688, 40:1-2, (5-53), Online publication date: 4-Mar-2021.

Biswas M and Kali M (2021) Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers with risk of mortality, severity or SARS-CoV-2 test positivity in COVID-19 patients: meta-analysis, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-84678-9, 11:1

Eshaq R, Watts M, Carter P, Leskova W, Aw T, Alexander J and Harris N (2021) Candesartan Normalizes Changes in Retinal Blood Flow and p22phox in the Diabetic Rat Retina, Pathophysiology, 10.3390/pathophysiology28010008, 28:1, (86-97)

Armstrong K, Soltoff A, Rieu-Werden M, Metlay J, Haas J and Wright J (2021) Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers associated with lower risk of COVID-19 in household contacts, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0247548, 16:3, (e0247548)

Suh S, Ma S, Kim S and Bae E (2021) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and kidney diseases in the era of coronavirus disease 2019, The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.3904/kjim.2020.355, 36:2, (247-262), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Migliaccio M, Di Mauro M, Ricciolino R, Spiniello G, Carfora V, Verde N, Mottola F and Coppola N (2021) Renal Involvement in COVID-19: A Review of the Literature, Infection and Drug Resistance, 10.2147/IDR.S288869, Volume 14, (895-903)

Abassi Z, Skorecki K, Hamo-Giladi D, Kruzel-Davila E and Heyman S (2021) Kinins and chymase: the forgotten components of the renin-angiotensin system and their implications in COVID-19 disease, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 10.1152/ajplung.00548.2020, 320:3, (L422-L429), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Pathangey G, Fadadu P, Hospodar A and Abbas A (2021) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19: patients, comorbidities, and therapies, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 10.1152/ajplung.00259.2020, 320:3, (L301-L330), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Kratzer B, Trapin D, Ettel P, Körmöczi U, Rottal A, Tuppy F, Feichter M, Gattinger P, Borochova K, Dorofeeva Y, Tulaeva I, Weber M, Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer K, Tauber P, Gerdov M, Mühl B, Perkmann T, Fae I, Wenda S, Führer H, Henning R, Valenta R and Pickl W (2020) Immunological imprint of COVID‐19 on human peripheral blood leukocyte populations, Allergy, 10.1111/all.14647, 76:3, (751-765), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Centurión O, Scavenius K, García L, Torales J and Miño L (2020) Potential Mechanisms of Cardiac Injury and Common Pathways of Inflammation in Patients With COVID-19, Critical Pathways in Cardiology: A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 10.1097/HPC.0000000000000227, 20:1, (44-52), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Wilcox C and Pitt B (2021)(2020) Is Spironolactone the Preferred Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone Inhibitor for Protection Against COVID-19?, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000960, 77:3, (323-331)

Wang Y, Takeshita H, Yamamoto K, Huang Y, Wang C, Nakajima T, Nozato Y, Fujimoto T, Yokoyama S, Hongyo K, Nakagami F, Akasaka H, Takami Y, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K and Rakugi H (2021) A pressor dose of angiotensin II has no influence on the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 and other molecules associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in mice, The FASEB Journal, 10.1096/fj.202100016R, 35:3, Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Li Y, Ma Y, Wang N and Jin Z (2021) Eyes on coronavirus, Stem Cell Research, 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102200, 51, (102200), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Naeini M, Sahebi M, Nikbakht F, Jamshidi Z, Ahmadimanesh M, Hashemi M, Ramezani J, Miri H and Yazdian-Robati R (2021) A meta-meta-analysis: Evaluation of meta-analyses published in the effectiveness of cardiovascular comorbidities on the severity of COVID-19, Obesity Medicine, 10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100323, 22, (100323), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Pang J, Liu M, Ling W and Jin T (2021) Friend or foe? ACE2 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists in COVID-19 treatment, Obesity Medicine, 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100312, 22, (100312), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Du Y, Zhou N, Zha W and Lv Y (2021) Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: A meta-analysis, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.009, 31:3, (745-755), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Huh K, Ji W, Kang M, Hong J, Bae G, Lee R, Na Y and Jung J (2021) Association of prescribed medications with the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity among adults in South Korea, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041, 104, (7-14), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Gasmi A, Peana M, Pivina L, Srinath S, Gasmi Benahmed A, Semenova Y, Menzel A, Dadar M and Bjørklund G (2021) Interrelations between COVID-19 and other disorders, Clinical Immunology, 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108651, 224, (108651), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Chong W and Saha B (2021) Relationship Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Etiology of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.025, 361:3, (287-296), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Williams B (2021) Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00003-5, 9:3, (221-222), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Cohen J, Hanff T, William P, Sweitzer N, Rosado-Santander N, Medina C, Rodriguez-Mori J, Renna N, Chang T, Corrales-Medina V, Andrade-Villanueva J, Barbagelata A, Cristodulo-Cortez R, Díaz-Cucho O, Spaak J, Alfonso C, Valdivia-Vega R, Villavicencio-Carranza M, Ayala-García R, Castro-Callirgos C, González-Hernández L, Bernales-Salas E, Coacalla-Guerra J, Salinas-Herrera C, Nicolosi L, Basconcel M, Byrd J, Sharkoski T, Bendezú-Huasasquiche L, Chittams J, Edmonston D, Vasquez C and Chirinos J (2021) Continuation versus discontinuation of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: a prospective, randomised, open-label trial, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30558-0, 9:3, (275-284), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Shukla A and Banerjee M (2021) Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19: An Update, High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, 10.1007/s40292-021-00439-9, 28:2, (129-139), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Shpakov A (2021) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Type 2 as a Molecular Mediator for Infection of Cells with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses, Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 10.1007/s11055-021-01082-6, 51:3, (381-389), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Triposkiadis F, Starling R, Xanthopoulos A, Butler J and Boudoulas H (2020) Renin-angiotensin-system inhibition in the context of corona virus disease-19: experimental evidence, observational studies, and clinical implications, Heart Failure Reviews, 10.1007/s10741-020-10022-4, 26:2, (381-389), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Han X and Ye Q (2020) Kidney involvement in COVID‐19 and its treatments, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.26653, 93:3, (1387-1395), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Wang Y, Chen B, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Yang S, Xiao X and Qin Q (2020) The use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors is associated with a lower risk of mortality in hypertensive COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.26625, 93:3, (1370-1377), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021.

Kobat H, Elkonaissi I, Dorak M and Nabhani-Gebara S (2021) Management of COVID-19 in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic anti-cancer therapy. Future recommendations for cardio-oncology, Oncology Reviews, 10.4081/oncol.2021.510, 15:1

Gressens S, Leftheriotis G, Dussaule J, Flamant M, Levy B and Vidal-Petiot E (2021) Controversial Roles of the Renin Angiotensin System and Its Modulators During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2021.624052, 12

Forte E, McLellan M, Skelly D and Rosenthal N (2021) Ex uno, plures–From One Tissue to Many Cells: A Review of Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Cardiovascular Biology, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms22042071, 22:4, (2071)

Verdoia M and De Luca G (2020) Potential role of hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D supplementation during COVID-19 pandemic, QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa234, 114:1, (3-10), Online publication date: 18-Feb-2021.

Okpara I and Oghagbon E (2021) Mitigating the Risk of COVID-19 Deaths in Cardiovascular Disease Patients in Africa Resource Poor Communities, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2021.626115, 8

Baker S, Kwok S, Berry G, Montine T and Mogi M (2021) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression increases with age in patients requiring mechanical ventilation, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0247060, 16:2, (e0247060)

Pedrosa M, Valenzuela R, Garrido-Gil P, Labandeira C, Navarro G, Franco R, Labandeira-Garcia J and Rodriguez-Perez A (2021) Experimental data using candesartan and captopril indicate no double-edged sword effect in COVID-19, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20201511, 135:3, (465-481), Online publication date: 12-Feb-2021.

Cao X, Song L and Yang J (2021) ACE2 and energy metabolism: the connection between COVID-19 and chronic metabolic disorders, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20200752, 135:3, (535-554), Online publication date: 12-Feb-2021.

Mayer M, Vidal-Alaball J, Puigdellívol-Sánchez A, Marín Gomez F, Leis A and Mendioroz Peña J (2021) Clinical Characterization of Patients With COVID-19 in Primary Care in Catalonia: Retrospective Observational Study, JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 10.2196/25452, 7:2, (e25452)

Liu C, Lu C, Wong S and Lin L (2021) Update on Antiviral Strategies Against COVID-19: Unmet Needs and Prospects, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616595, 11

An J, Wei R, Zhou H, Luong T, Gould M, Mefford M, Harrison T, Creekmur B, Lee M, Sim J, Brettler J, Martin J, Ong‐Su A and Reynolds K (2020) Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Use and COVID‐19 Infection Among 824 650 Patients With Hypertension From a US Integrated Healthcare System, Journal of the American Heart Association, 10:3, Online publication date: 2-Feb-2021.

Momtazi-Borojeni A, Banach M, Reiner Ž, Pirro M, Bianconi V, Al-Rasadi K and Sahebkar A (2020) Interaction Between Coronavirus S-Protein and Human ACE2: Hints for Exploring Efficient Therapeutic Targets to Treat COVID-19, Angiology, 10.1177/0003319720952284, 72:2, (122-130), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Yanes Cardozo L, Rezq S, Pruett J and Romero D (2021) Androgens, the kidney, and COVID-19: an opportunity for translational research, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.00601.2020, 320:2, (F243-F248), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Gnanenthiran S, Borghi C, Burger D, Charchar F, Poulter N, Schlaich M, Steckelings U, Stergiou G, Tomaszewski M, Unger T, Wainford R, Williams B, Rodgers A and Schutte A (2021) Prospective meta-analysis protocol on randomised trials of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with COVID-19: an initiative of the International Society of Hypertension, BMJ Open, 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043625, 11:2, (e043625), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Lafaurie M, Martin‐Blondel G, Delobel P, Charpentier S, Sommet A and Moulis G (2020) Outcome of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 and exposure to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin‐receptor blockers in France: results of the ACE‐CoV study, Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1111/fcp.12613, 35:1, (194-203), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Lahens A, Mullaert J, Gressens S, Gault N, Flamant M, Deconinck L, Joly V, Yazdanpanah Y, Lescure F and Vidal-Petiot E (2020) Association between renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers and outcome in coronavirus disease 2019: analysing in-hospital exposure generates a biased seemingly protective effect of treatment, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002658, 39:2, (367-375), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Jakstaite A, Papathanasiou M and Lüdike P (2020) Myokarditis und COVID-19: Wo stehen wir?, Aktuelle Kardiologie, 10.1055/a-1314-9200, 10:01, (27-31), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Refaey R, El-Ashrey M and Nissan Y (2021) Repurposing of renin inhibitors as SARS-COV-2 main protease inhibitors: A computational study, Virology, 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.008, 554, (48-54), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

López-Otero D, López-Pais J, Cacho-Antonio C, Antúnez-Muiños P, González-Ferrero T, Pérez-Poza M, Otero-García Ó, Díaz-Fernández B, Bastos-Fernández M, Bouzas-Cruz N, Sanmartín-Pena X, Varela-Román A, Portela-Romero M, Valdés-Cuadrado L, Pose-Reino A and González-Juanatey J (2021) Impacto de los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina y los antagonistas del receptor de la angiotensina II en la COVID-19 en una población occidental. Registro CARDIOVID, Revista Española de Cardiología, 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.05.030, 74:2, (175-182), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

López-Otero D, López-Pais J, Cacho-Antonio C, Antúnez-Muiños P, González-Ferrero T, Pérez-Poza M, Otero-García Ó, Díaz-Fernández B, Bastos-Fernández M, Bouzas-Cruz N, Sanmartín-Pena X, Varela-Román A, Portela-Romero M, Valdés-Cuadrado L, Pose-Reino A and González-Juanatey J (2021) Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on COVID-19 in a western population. CARDIOVID registry, Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition), 10.1016/j.rec.2020.05.018, 74:2, (175-182), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Desai A, Voza G, Paiardi S, Teofilo F, Caltagirone G, Pons M, Aloise M, Kogan M, Tommasini T, Savevski V, Stefanini G, Angelini C, Ciccarelli M, Badalamenti S, De Nalda A, Aghemo A, Cecconi M, Martinelli Boneschi F and Voza A (2021) The role of anti-hypertensive treatment, comorbidities and early introduction of LMWH in the setting of COVID-19: A retrospective, observational study in Northern Italy, International Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.09.062, 324, (249-254), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Patrick D, Van Beusecum J and Kirabo A (2021) The role of inflammation in hypertension: novel concepts, Current Opinion in Physiology, 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.09.016, 19, (92-98), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

de Abajo F (2021) Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and COVID-19: overwhelming evidence against an association, The Lancet Digital Health, 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30294-6, 3:2, (e70-e71), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Morales D, Conover M, You S, Pratt N, Kostka K, Duarte-Salles T, Fernández-Bertolín S, Aragón M, DuVall S, Lynch K, Falconer T, van Bochove K, Sung C, Matheny M, Lambert C, Nyberg F, Alshammari T, Williams A, Park R, Weaver J, Sena A, Schuemie M, Rijnbeek P, Williams R, Lane J, Prats-Uribe A, Zhang L, Areia C, Krumholz H, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ryan P, Hripcsak G and Suchard M (2021) Renin–angiotensin system blockers and susceptibility to COVID-19: an international, open science, cohort analysis, The Lancet Digital Health, 10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30289-2, 3:2, (e98-e114), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Lou M, Yuan D, Liao S, Tong L and Li J (2021) Potential mechanisms of cerebrovascular diseases in COVID-19 patients, Journal of NeuroVirology, 10.1007/s13365-021-00948-2, 27:1, (35-51), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Saha S, Chakrabarti S, Singh P, Poddar J, Satapathi S, Saini S, Kakar S and Roy P (2020) Physiological Relevance of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 As a Metabolic Linker and Therapeutic Implication of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19 and Hypertension, Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 10.1007/s12015-020-10012-x, 17:1, (132-143), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Price S, Targoński R, Sadowski J and Targoński R (2021) To Curb the Progression of Fatal COVID-19 Course—Dream or Reality, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-021-01130-z, 23:2, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Larenas-Linnemann D, Luna-Pech J, Navarrete-Rodríguez E, Rodríguez-Pérez N, Arias-Cruz A, Blandón-Vijil M, Del Rio-Navarro B, Estrada-Cardona A, Onuma-Takane E, Pozo-Beltrán C, Valencia-Herrera A, Ortiz-Aldana F and Toledo-Bahena M (2021) Cutaneous Manifestations Related to COVID-19 Immune Dysregulation in the Pediatric Age Group, Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 10.1007/s11882-020-00986-6, 21:2, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Bhattacharjee A, Saha M, Halder A, Debnath A and Mukherjee O (2021) Therapeutics and Vaccines: Strengthening Our Fight Against the Global Pandemic COVID-19, Current Microbiology, 10.1007/s00284-020-02310-x, 78:2, (435-448), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Mercurio I, Tragni V, Busto F, De Grassi A and Pierri C (2020) Protein structure analysis of the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human ACE2 receptor: from conformational changes to novel neutralizing antibodies, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 10.1007/s00018-020-03580-1, 78:4, (1501-1522), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Liu X, Liu Y, Chen K, Yan S, Bai X, Li J and Liu D (2020) Efficacy of ACEIs/ARBs vs CCBs on the progression of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension in Wuhan: A hospital‐based retrospective cohort study, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.26315, 93:2, (854-862), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Garau G, Joachim S, Duliere G, Melissopoulou M, Boccar S, Fraipont V, Dugauquier C, Troisfontaines P, Hougrand O, Delvenne P and Hoffer E (2020) Sudden cardiogenic shock mimicking fulminant myocarditis in a surviving teenager affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, ESC Heart Failure, 10.1002/ehf2.13049, 8:1, (766-773), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Zhou Y, Chi J, Lv W and Wang Y (2020) Obesity and diabetes as high‐risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 ( Covid ‐19) , Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 10.1002/dmrr.3377, 37:2, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021.

Sun H, Su X, Huang L, Mu D and Qu Y (2021) Research Progress on the Cardiac Injury from ACE2 Targeting in SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Biomolecules, 10.3390/biom11020196, 11:2, (196)

Kuriakose J, Montezano A and Touyz R (2021) ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas1 axis and the vascular system: vasoprotection to COVID-19-associated vascular disease, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20200480, 135:2, (387-407), Online publication date: 29-Jan-2021.

Liu Y and Zhang H (2021) Vigilance on New-Onset Atherosclerosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2020.629413, 7

Bois M, Boire N, Layman A, Aubry M, Alexander M, Roden A, Hagen C, Quinton R, Larsen C, Erben Y, Majumdar R, Jenkins S, Kipp B, Lin P and Maleszewski J (2020) COVID-19–Associated Nonocclusive Fibrin Microthrombi in the Heart, Circulation, 143:3, (230-243), Online publication date: 19-Jan-2021.

Abdullah M, Khan K, Javed M, Iqbal J, Waheed K, Akhtar M and Chachar A A Comparison of Disease Severity and Outcomes in COVID-19 Cases Taking Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Versus Other Antihypertensive Drugs, Cureus, 10.7759/cureus.12757

Jehpsson L, Sun J, Nilsson P, Edsfeldt A and Swärd P (2021) Serum Renin Levels Increase With Age in Boys Resulting in Higher Renin Levels in Young Men Compared to Young Women, and Soluble Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Correlates With Renin and Body Mass Index, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2020.622179, 11

Sharma R, Li J, Krishnan S, Richards E, Raizada M and Mohandas R (2021) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19 in cardiorenal diseases, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20200482, 135:1, (1-17), Online publication date: 15-Jan-2021.

Aboudounya M, Heads R and Dozio E (2021) COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 May Bind and Activate TLR4 to Increase ACE2 Expression, Facilitating Entry and Causing Hyperinflammation, Mediators of Inflammation, 10.1155/2021/8874339, 2021, (1-18), Online publication date: 14-Jan-2021.

Tian C, Li N, Bai Y, Xiao H, Li S, Ge Q, Shen N and Ma Q (2021) Angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers should be continued in COVID-19 patients with hypertension, World Journal of Clinical Cases, 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.47, 9:1, (47-60), Online publication date: 6-Jan-2021.

Sharma Y, Agstam S, Yadav A, Gupta A and Gupta A (2021) Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19: An evidence-based narrative review, Indian Journal of Medical Research, 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2450_20, 153:1, (7), .

Gulzar K, Alalawi F, Ahmed M, Alnour H, Saeed A and Alhadari A (2021) Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients – Dubai Hospital experience: Incidence, risk factors and outcome, Hamdan Medical Journal, 10.4103/hmj.hmj_21_21, 14:4, (172), .

Sivaraman D, Leela K and Venugopal V (2021) ACE2 downregulation promotes thrombosis and cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 10.4103/1995-7645.320524, 14:7, (330), .

Hoang T and Tran Thi Anh T (2021) Comparison of Comorbidities in Relation to Critical Conditions among Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Network Meta-Analysis, Infection & Chemotherapy, 10.3947/ic.2020.0136, 53:1, (13), .

Oliveira L, Cruz N, Ricelli B, Tedesco-Silva Jr H, Medina-Pestana J and Casarini D (2021) Interactions amongst inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems: suggestive approaches for COVID-19 therapy, Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0181, 27

Albashir A (2021) Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Inhibitors and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Southern Medical Journal, 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001200, 114:1, (51-56), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Suryantoro S, Thaha M, Hayati M, Yusuf M, Pikir B and Susilo H (2023) Correlation between anti-hypertensive drugs and disease progression among moderate, severe, and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the second referral hospital in Surabaya: A retrospective cohort study, F1000Research, 10.12688/f1000research.51785.3, 10, (393)

Suryantoro S, Thaha M, Hayati M, Yusuf M, Pikir B and Susilo H (2021) Correlation between anti-hypertensive drugs and disease progression among moderate, severe, and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the second referral hospital in Surbaya: A retrospective cohort study, F1000Research, 10.12688/f1000research.51785.2, 10, (393)

Suryantoro S, Thaha M, Hayati M, Yusuf M, Pikir B and Susilo H (2021) Correlation between anti-hypertensive drugs and disease progression among moderate, severe, and critically ill COVID-19 patients in the second referral hospital in Surbaya: A retrospective cohort study, F1000Research, 10.12688/f1000research.51785.1, 10, (393)

Kifle Z, Enyew E and Mekuria A (2021) A Recent Achievement in the Discovery and Development of Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents in the Race for COVID-19 Protection and Treatment, Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 10.1177/2515690X211003727, 26, (2515690X2110037), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Kaur U, Chakrabarti S and Patel T (2021) Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers and region-specific variations in COVID-19 outcomes: findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis, Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, 10.1177/20420986211011345, 12, (204209862110113), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Harky A, Chor C, Nixon H and Jeilani M (2021) The controversy of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1177/1470320320987118, 22:1, (147032032098711), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Elyaspour Z, Zibaeenezhad M, Razmkhah M and Razeghian-Jahromi I (2021) Is It All About Endothelial Dysfunction and Thrombosis Formation? The Secret of COVID-19, Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 10.1177/10760296211042940, 27, (107602962110429), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Choksi T, Zhang H, Chen T and Malhotra N (2021) Outcomes of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin Angiotensin System Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers, American Journal of Nephrology, 10.1159/000515232, 52:3, (250-260), .

Hu J and Wang Y (2021) The Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19, Gerontology, 10.1159/000513400, 67:3, (255-266), .

Hunt R, East J, Lanas A, Malfertheiner P, Satsangi J, Scarpignato C and Webb G (2020) COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Disease: Implications for the Gastroenterologist, Digestive Diseases, 10.1159/000512152, 39:2, (119-139), .

Ratchford S, Stickford J, Province V, Stute N, Augenreich M, Koontz L, Bobo L and Stickford A (2021) Vascular alterations among young adults with SARS-CoV-2, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00897.2020, 320:1, (H404-H410), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Serrano Afonso A, Pérez Hernández C, Ochoa Mazarro D, Román Martínez M, Failde Martínez I, Montes Pérez A, López Pais P, Cánovas Martínez L, Revuelta Rizo M, Padilla del Rey M, Peiró Perió A, Aberasturi Fueyo T, Margarit Ferrí C, Rojo Rodríguez E, Mendiola de la Osa A, Muñoz Martinez M, Domínguez Bronchal M, Herrero Trujillano M, Cid Calzada J, Fabregat-Cid G, Hernández-Cádiz M, Mareque Ortega M, Gómez-Caro Álvarez Palencia L and Mayoral Rojals V (2021) Association between chronic pain medications and the severity and mortality of COVID-19, Medicine, 10.1097/MD.0000000000026725, 100:30, (e26725)

Peng C, Wang H, Guo Y, Qi G, Zhang C, Chen T, He J and Jin Z (2021)(2021) Calcium channel blockers improve prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and hypertension, Chinese Medical Journal, 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001479, 134:13, (1602-1609)

Lim S, Bae J, Kwon H and Nauck M (2020) COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical management, Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 10.1038/s41574-020-00435-4, 17:1, (11-30), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Zhang Y and Tang L (2020) Overview of Targets and Potential Drugs of SARS-CoV-2 According to the Viral Replication, Journal of Proteome Research, 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00526, 20:1, (49-59), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Javanmard S, Heshmat-Ghahdarijani K and Vaseghi G (2020) Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) use in COVID-19 prevention or treatment: A paradox, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 10.1017/ice.2020.195, 42:1, (118-119), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Rubin S, Falkson S, Degner N and Blish C (2020) Safety of ACE-I and ARB medications in COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study of inpatients and outpatients in California, Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 10.1017/cts.2020.489, 5:1, .

Rubin S, Falkson S, Degner N and Blish C (2020) Clinical characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity in California, Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 10.1017/cts.2020.40, 5:1, .

Wei Z, Qiao R, Chen J, Huang J, Wu H, Wang W, Yu H, Xu J, Wang C, Gu C, Li H, Li M, Liu C, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang H, Qian H and Geng Y (2021) The influence of pre-existing hypertension on coronavirus disease 2019 patients, Epidemiology and Infection, 10.1017/S0950268820003118, 149, .

Cabbab I and Manalo R (2021) Anti-inflammatory drugs and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Current knowledge and potential effects on early SARS-CoV-2 infection, Virus Research, 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198190, 291, (198190), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Carvalho P, Sirois P and Fernandes P (2021) The role of kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in COVID-19 infection, Peptides, 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170428, 135, (170428), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Vitiello A and Ferrara F (2021) Therapeutic Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 acting on ACE-2, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105579, 156, (105579), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Gul R, Kim U and Alfadda A (2021) Renin-angiotensin system at the interface of COVID-19 infection, European Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173656, 890, (173656), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Das A, Kalra S, B K, Sharma K, John M, Nair T, Shaikh S, Khandelwal D, Priya G, Dutta D, Gangadhar P, Dhingra A, Tiwaskar M, Shukla R, Das S, Baruah M, Gangopadhyay K, Ramakrishnan S, Deshmukh V, Dasgupta A, Kumar G, Pandey N, Joshi A, Surana V, Punyani H, Shah P, Rattan A, Chandrasekaran S and Asirwatham A (2021) Cardiometabolic vigilance in COVID-19 and resource husbandry in resource-challenged times: Clinical practice- based expert opinion, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.11.014, 15:1, (55-62), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Lee A, Li W, Apostol L, Ma J, Taub P, Chang E, Rajasekaran M and Ongkeko W (2021) Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal co-morbidities in COVID-19 patients: A systematic-review and meta-analysis, Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.038, 19, (3755-3764), .

Levett J, Raparelli V, Mardigyan V and Eisenberg M (2021) Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Treatment Considerations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review, CJC Open, 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.09.003, 3:1, (28-40), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Bian J and Li Z (2021) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.006, 11:1, (1-12), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Kirubananthan L, Illuri R, Rajendran R and Chandrasekaran P (2021) Mechanism and transmission routes of COVID-19 Environmental and Health Management of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19 ), 10.1016/B978-0-323-85780-2.00013-5, (65-88), .

Ansari M, Mehrotra R, Tripathi P and Agrawal R (2021) AI-based diagnosis techniques for cardiac disease analysis and predictions Image Processing for Automated Diagnosis of Cardiac Diseases, 10.1016/B978-0-323-85064-3.00002-9, (133-155), .

Mitsias P, Aboul Nour H, Mohamud A, Vourakis G, Chebl A and Alsrouji O (2021) COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Diseases Neurological Care and the COVID-19 Pandemic, 10.1016/B978-0-323-82691-4.00005-4, (57-72), .

Pardhi T and Karnik S (2021) Receptors | Angiotensin Receptors Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry III, 10.1016/B978-0-12-819460-7.00096-7, (110-121), .

Paul O and Chatterjee S (2021) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the endothelium Endothelial Signaling in Vascular Dysfunction and Disease, 10.1016/B978-0-12-816196-8.00008-4, (205-211), .

Rathi H, Burman V, Datta S, Rana S, Mirza A, Saha S, Kumar R and Naithani M (2021) Review on COVID-19 Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Available with Emphasis on ACE2, Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 10.1007/s12291-020-00953-y, 36:1, (3-22), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Bader F, Manla Y, Atallah B and Starling R (2020) Heart failure and COVID-19, Heart Failure Reviews, 10.1007/s10741-020-10008-2, 26:1, (1-10), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Huang T, Sun L, Kang D, Poongavanam V, Liu X, Zhan P and Menéndez-Arias L (2021) Search, Identification, and Design of Effective Antiviral Drugs Against Pandemic Human Coronaviruses Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development, 10.1007/978-981-16-0267-2_9, (219-260), .

Geraiely B, Samiei N, Sadeghipour P, Talasaz A, Mortazavi S and Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh R (2021) COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19, 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_16, (263-291), .

Quinaglia T, Shabani M and Rezaei N (2021) COVID-19 in Patients with Hypertension Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19, 10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_15, (243-261), .

Ding C, Luo L and Huang X (2021) Hypertension Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, 10.1007/978-3-030-22009-9_1046, (2527-2537), .

Schimmel L, Chew K, Stocks C, Yordanov T, Essebier P, Kulasinghe A, Monkman J, dos Santos Miggiolaro A, Cooper C, de Noronha L, Schroder K, Lagendijk A, Labzin L, Short K and Gordon E (2021) Endothelial cells are not productively infected by SARS‐CoV‐2, Clinical & Translational Immunology, 10.1002/cti2.1350, 10:10, Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Parlakpinar H and Gunata M (2020) SARS‐COV ‐2 ( COVID ‐19): Cellular and biochemical properties and pharmacological insights into new therapeutic developments , Cell Biochemistry and Function, 10.1002/cbf.3591, 39:1, (10-28), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021.

Pang X, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Rinkiko S, Cui Y and Zhu Y (2020) The Two-Way Switch Role of ACE2 in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Underlying Comorbidities, Molecules, 10.3390/molecules26010142, 26:1, (142)

Chang P, Yang C, Kao K and Wen M (2020) Clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 versus SARS: a meta-analysis, Aging, 10.18632/aging.104139, 12:24, (24552-24569), Online publication date: 31-Dec-2021.

Higham A, Mathioudakis A, Vestbo J and Singh D (2020) COVID-19 and COPD: a narrative review of the basic science and clinical outcomes, European Respiratory Review, 10.1183/16000617.0199-2020, 29:158, (200199), Online publication date: 31-Dec-2021.

Zhang F and Waters M (2020) Pathogen Genomics and Host Cellular Susceptibility Factors of COVID-19, Global Clinical and Translational Research, 10.36316/gcatr.02.0037, (107-126), Online publication date: 30-Dec-2021.

Bolotova O, Yoo J, Chaudhri I, Marcos L, Sahib H, Koraishy F, Skopicki H, Ahmad S, Mallipattu S and Casarini D (2020) Safety, tolerability, and outcomes of losartan use in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A feasibility study, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0244708, 15:12, (e0244708)

Kim J, Baek Y, Lee H, Choe Y, Shin H and Shin J (2020) Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 following the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers among patients with hypertension in Korea: a nationwide study, Epidemiology and Health, 10.4178/epih.e2021004, 43, (e2021004)

Bernard I, Limonta D, Mahal L and Hobman T (2020) Endothelium Infection and Dysregulation by SARS-CoV-2: Evidence and Caveats in COVID-19, Viruses, 10.3390/v13010029, 13:1, (29)

Boari G, Chiarini G, Bonetti S, Malerba P, Bianco G, Faustini C, Braglia-Orlandini F, Turini D, Guarinoni V, Saottini M, Viola S, Ferrari-Toninelli G, Pasini G, Mascadri C, Bonzi B, Desenzani P, Tusi C, Zanotti E, Nardin M and Rizzoni D (2020) Prognostic factors and predictors of outcome in patients with COVID-19 and related pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study, Bioscience Reports, 10.1042/BSR20203455, 40:12, Online publication date: 23-Dec-2020.

Wu J, Wang H and Li B (2020) Structure-aided ACEI-capped remdesivir-loaded novel PLGA nanoparticles: toward a computational simulation design for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 10.1039/D0CP04389C, 22:48, (28434-28439)

Nascimento Conde J, Schutt W, Gorbunova E, Mackow E and Patton J (2020) Recombinant ACE2 Expression Is Required for SARS-CoV-2 To Infect Primary Human Endothelial Cells and Induce Inflammatory and Procoagulative Responses, mBio, 10.1128/mBio.03185-20, 11:6, Online publication date: 22-Dec-2020.

Georges J, Gilles F, Cochet H, Bertrand A, De Tournemire M, Monguillon V, Pasqualini M, Prevot A, Roger G, Saba J, Soltani J, Koukabi-Fradelizi M, Beressi J, Laureana C, Prost J, Livarek B and Adrish M (2020) Positive association of angiotensin II receptor blockers, not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, with an increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19 pneumonia, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0244349, 15:12, (e0244349)

Salah H, Arthur J and Mehta J (2020) Implications of renal ACE2 expression in the age of COVID-19, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa872, 41:48, (4589-4591), Online publication date: 21-Dec-2020.

Jiang X, Eales J, Scannali D, Nazgiewicz A, Prestes P, Maier M, Denniff M, Xu X, Saluja S, Cano-Gamez E, Wystrychowski W, Szulinska M, Antczak A, Byars S, Skrypnik D, Glyda M, Król R, Zywiec J, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Burrell L, Woolf A, Greenstein A, Bogdanski P, Keavney B, Morris A, Heagerty A, Williams B, Harrap S, Trynka G, Samani N, Guzik T, Charchar F and Tomaszewski M (2020) Hypertension and renin-angiotensin system blockers are not associated with expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the kidney, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa794, 41:48, (4580-4588), Online publication date: 21-Dec-2020.

Bulfamante G, Perrucci G, Falleni M, Sommariva E, Tosi D, Martinelli C, Songia P, Poggio P, Carugo S and Pompilio G (2020) Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Transcriptional Activity in Cardiomyocytes of COVID-19 Patients without Clinical Signs of Cardiac Involvement, Biomedicines, 10.3390/biomedicines8120626, 8:12, (626)

Fabrizi F, Alfieri C, Cerutti R, Lunghi G and Messa P (2020) COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Pathogens, 10.3390/pathogens9121052, 9:12, (1052)

Centurión O, Miño L and Scavenius K Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: The Importance of Prompt Detection of Cardiovascular Involvement, The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal, 10.2174/18741924020140100038, 14:1, (38-41)

Cheng X, Cai G, Wen X, Gao L, Jiang D, Sun M, Qin S, Zhou J and Zhang D (2020) Clinical characteristics and fatal outcomes of hypertension in patients with severe COVID-19, Aging, 10.18632/aging.104019, 12:23, (23436-23449), Online publication date: 15-Dec-2020.

Verano-Braga T, Martins A, Motta-Santos D, Campagnole-Santos M and Santos R (2020) ACE2 in the renin–angiotensin system, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20200478, 134:23, (3063-3078), Online publication date: 11-Dec-2020.

Al Adem K, Shanti A, Stefanini C and Lee S (2020) Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Host Cells Using Small Molecules, Pharmaceuticals, 10.3390/ph13120447, 13:12, (447)

Nejat R and Sadr A (2020) Are losartan and imatinib effective against SARS-CoV2 pathogenesis? A pathophysiologic-based in silico study, In Silico Pharmacology, 10.1007/s40203-020-00058-7, 9:1

Ciarambino T, Sansone G, Menna G, Para O and Giordano M (2020) What is known in male gender differences, comorbidity and age for COVID-19 pandemia? A narrative minireview, Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 10.36150/2499-6564-265, 68:4, (216-223)

Abu-Farha M, Al-Mulla F, Thanaraj T, Kavalakatt S, Ali H, Abdul Ghani M and Abubaker J (2020) Impact of Diabetes in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576818, 11

Chaudhary M (2020) COVID-19 susceptibility: potential of ACE2 polymorphisms, Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 10.1186/s43042-020-00099-9, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Goldin C, Vázquez R, Polack F and Alvarez-Paggi D (2020) Identifying pathophysiological bases of disease in COVID-19, Translational Medicine Communications, 10.1186/s41231-020-00067-w, 5:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Joseph A, Zafrani L, Mabrouki A, Azoulay E and Darmon M (2020) Acute kidney injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, Annals of Intensive Care, 10.1186/s13613-020-00734-z, 10:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Ni W, Yang X, Yang D, Bao J, Li R, Xiao Y, Hou C, Wang H, Liu J, Yang D, Xu Y, Cao Z and Gao Z (2020) Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in COVID-19, Critical Care, 10.1186/s13054-020-03120-0, 24:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Leow M (2020) Clarifying the controversial risk-benefit profile of soluble ACE2 in COVID-19, Critical Care, 10.1186/s13054-020-03097-w, 24:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Busse L, Chow J, McCurdy M and Khanna A (2020) COVID-19 and the RAAS—a potential role for angiotensin II?, Critical Care, 10.1186/s13054-020-02862-1, 24:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Argañaraz G, Palmeira J and Argañaraz E (2020) Phosphatidylserine inside out: a possible underlying mechanism in the inflammation and coagulation abnormalities of COVID-19, Cell Communication and Signaling, 10.1186/s12964-020-00687-7, 18:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Jahani M, Dokaneheifard S and Mansouri K (2020) Hypoxia: A key feature of COVID-19 launching activation of HIF-1 and cytokine storm, Journal of Inflammation, 10.1186/s12950-020-00263-3, 17:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Yang Q, Zhou Y, Wang X, Gao S, Xiao Y, Zhang W, Hu Y and Wang Y (2020) Effect of hypertension on outcomes of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a propensity score–matching analysis, Respiratory Research, 10.1186/s12931-020-01435-8, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

MaassenVanDenBrink A, de Vries T and Danser A (2020) Headache medication and the COVID-19 pandemic, The Journal of Headache and Pain, 10.1186/s10194-020-01106-5, 21:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Gerstein N, Venkataramani R, Goumas A, Chapman N and Deriy L (2020) COVID-19-Related Cardiovascular Disease and Practical Considerations for Perioperative Clinicians, Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 10.1177/1089253220943019, 24:4, (293-303), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Zhong Y, Zhao L, Wu G, Hu C, Wu C, Xu M, Dong H, Zhang Q, Wang G, Yu B, Lv J, Wu C, Zhang S, Cao C, Shu L, Pan Y, Liu X and Wu F (2020) Impact of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors use on mortality in severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension: a retrospective observational study, Journal of International Medical Research, 10.1177/0300060520979151, 48:12, (030006052097915), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Chaudhry F, Lavandero S, Xie X, Sabharwal B, Zheng Y, Correa A, Narula J and Levy P (2020) Manipulation of ACE2 expression in COVID-19, Open Heart, 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001424, 7:2, (e001424), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Russell J, Marshall J, Slutsky A, Murthy S, Sweet D, Lee T, Singer J, Patrick D, Du B, Peng Z, Cheng M, Burns K and Harhay M (2020) Study protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study of the association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on outcomes of coronavirus infection, BMJ Open, 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040768, 10:12, (e040768), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Barochiner J and Martínez R (2020) Use of inhibitors of the renin‐angiotensin system in hypertensive patients and COVID‐19 severity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis, Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 10.1111/jcpt.13246, 45:6, (1244-1252), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Covino M, De Matteis G, Burzo M, Santoro M, Fuorlo M, Sabia L, Sandroni C, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F and Gambassi G (2020) Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and prognosis of hypertensive patients hospitalised with COVID‐19, Internal Medicine Journal, 10.1111/imj.15078, 50:12, (1483-1491), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Koshy A, Murphy A, Farouque O, Ramchand J, Burrell L and Yudi M (2020) Renin–angiotensin system inhibition and risk of infection and mortality in COVID‐19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis, Internal Medicine Journal, 10.1111/imj.15002, 50:12, (1468-1474), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Rajpal A, Rahimi L and Ismail‐Beigi F (2020) Factors leading to high morbidity and mortality of COVID ‐19 in patients with type 2 diabetes , Journal of Diabetes, 10.1111/1753-0407.13085, 12:12, (895-908), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Thomopoulos C and Michalopoulou H (2020) Renin--angiotensin system blockers and the risk of critical or fatal coronavirus disease 2019 in African Americans, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002636, 38:12, (2384-2386), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Shah P, Owens J, Franklin J, Jani Y, Kumar A and Doshi R (2020) Baseline use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/AT1 blocker and outcomes in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 African-American patients, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002584, 38:12, (2537-2541), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Rogge M and Gautam B (2020) COVID-19, The Nurse Practitioner, 10.1097/01.NPR.0000722312.25644.b9, 45:12, (26-34), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Knight T (2020) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Clinical Overview and Primer, Biopreservation and Biobanking, 10.1089/bio.2020.0066, 18:6, (492-502), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Gencer S, Lacy M, Atzler D, van der Vorst E, Döring Y and Weber C (2020) Immunoinflammatory, Thrombohaemostatic, and Cardiovascular Mechanisms in COVID-19, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 10.1055/s-0040-1718735, 120:12, (1629-1641), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Zhang T, Zhong S and Cao W (2020) COVID-19 and Comorbid Hypertension: Is ACE2 the Culprit?, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 10.1017/S1049023X20001090, 35:6, (700-701), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Chrissobolis S, Luu A, Waldschmidt R, Yoakum M and D'Souza M (2020) Targeting the renin angiotensin system for the treatment of anxiety and depression, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173063, 199, (173063), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Peng W, Wu H, Tan Y, Li M, Yang D and Li S (2020) Mechanisms and treatments of myocardial injury in patients with corona virus disease 2019, Life Sciences, 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118496, 262, (118496), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Luzzi S, Giotta Lucifero A, Marasco S, Del Maestro M, Bellantoni G and Gragnaniello C (2020) Targeting of renin-angiotensin system in COVID-19 patients affected by stroke: Emerging concerns about detrimental vs. benefit effect, Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery, 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100822, 22, (100822), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Jakhmola S, Indari O, Kashyap D, Varshney N, Rani A, Sonkar C, Baral B, Chatterjee S, Das A, Kumar R and Jha H (2020) Recent updates on COVID-19: A holistic review, Heliyon, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05706, 6:12, (e05706), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Drożdżal S, Rosik J, Lechowicz K, Machaj F, Kotfis K, Ghavami S and Łos M (2020) FDA approved drugs with pharmacotherapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) therapy, Drug Resistance Updates, 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100719, 53, (100719), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Cappannoli L, Scacciavillani R, Iannaccone G, Anastasia G, Di Giusto F, Loria V and Aspromonte N (2020) 2019 novel‐coronavirus: Cardiovascular insights about risk factors, myocardial injury, therapy and clinical implications, Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine, 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.06.002, 6:4, (246-250), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Muralidar S, Ambi S, Sekaran S and Krishnan U (2020) The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic: Understanding the epidemiology, immune response and potential therapeutic targets of SARS-CoV-2, Biochimie, 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.018, 179, (85-100), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Daniels L, Sitapati A, Zhang J, Zou J, Bui Q, Ren J, Longhurst C, Criqui M and Messer K (2020) Relation of Statin Use Prior to Admission to Severity and Recovery Among COVID-19 Inpatients, The American Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.09.012, 136, (149-155), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Kerneis M, Ferrante A, Guedeney P, Vicaut E and Montalescot G (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and renin-angiotensin system blockers: A review and pooled analysis, Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.09.002, 113:12, (797-810), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Bhattacharyya R, Iyer P, Phua G and Lee J (2020) The Interplay Between Coagulation and Inflammation Pathways in COVID-19-Associated Respiratory Failure: A Narrative Review, Pulmonary Therapy, 10.1007/s41030-020-00126-5, 6:2, (215-231), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Negreira-Caamaño M, Piqueras-Flores J, Martínez-DelRio J, Nieto-Sandoval-Martin-DeLaSierra P, Aguila-Gordo D, Mateo-Gomez C, Salas-Bravo D, Rodriguez-Martinez M and Negreira-Caamaño M (2020) Impact of Treatment with Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Clinical Outcomes in Hypertensive Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19, High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, 10.1007/s40292-020-00409-7, 27:6, (561-568), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Trifirò G, Massari M, Da Cas R, Menniti Ippolito F, Sultana J, Crisafulli S, Giorgi Rossi P, Marino M, Zorzi M, Bovo E, Leoni O, Ludergnani M, Spila Alegiani S, Spila Alegiani S, Menniti Ippolito F, Da Cas R, Massari M, Traversa G, Onder G, Trifirò G, Sultana J, Ientile V, Crisafulli S, Giorgi Rossi P, Grilli R, Formoso G, Marino M, Vicentini M, Leoni O, Ludergnani M, Cereda D, Ferroni E, Guzzinati S, Bovo E, Zorzi M and Gion M (2020) Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of Death in Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19: A Retrospective Italian Cohort Study of 43,000 Patients, Drug Safety, 10.1007/s40264-020-00994-5, 43:12, (1297-1308), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Hasan S, Kow C, Hadi M, Zaidi S and Merchant H (2020) Mortality and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, 10.1007/s40256-020-00439-5, 20:6, (571-590), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Sciberras J, Camilleri L and Cuschieri S (2020) The burden of type 2 diabetes pre-and during the COVID-19 pandemic – a review, Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 10.1007/s40200-020-00656-4, 19:2, (1357-1365), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Wu X, Wang T, Zhou Y, Liu X, Zhou H, Lu Y, Tan W, Yuan M, Ding X, Zou J, Li R, Liu H, Ewing R, Hu Y, Nie H and Wang Y (2020) Different Laboratory Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension or Diabetes, Virologica Sinica, 10.1007/s12250-020-00296-1, 35:6, (853-856), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Azar W, Njeim R, Fares A, Azar N, Azar S, El Sayed M and Eid A (2020) COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6, 21:4, (451-463), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Marazuela M, Giustina A and Puig-Domingo M (2020) Endocrine and metabolic aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 10.1007/s11154-020-09569-2, 21:4, (495-507), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Allaerts W (2020) How Could This Happen?, Acta Biotheoretica, 10.1007/s10441-020-09382-z, 68:4, (441-452), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Böhm M, Frey N, Giannitsis E, Sliwa K and Zeiher A (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for cardiovascular care: expert document from the German Cardiac Society and the World Heart Federation, Clinical Research in Cardiology, 10.1007/s00392-020-01656-3, 109:12, (1446-1459), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Lampasona V, Secchi M, Scavini M, Bazzigaluppi E, Brigatti C, Marzinotto I, Davalli A, Caretto A, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Molinari C, Vitali G, Di Filippo L, Mercalli A, Melzi R, Tresoldi C, Rovere-Querini P, Landoni G, Ciceri F, Bosi E and Piemonti L (2020) Antibody response to multiple antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with diabetes: an observational cohort study, Diabetologia, 10.1007/s00125-020-05284-4, 63:12, (2548-2558), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Patel S and Hussain T (2020) Synergism between Angiotensin receptors ligands: Role of Angiotensin‐(1‐7) in modulating AT 2 R agonist response on nitric oxide in kidney cells , Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 10.1002/prp2.667, 8:6, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Lebek S, Tafelmeier M, Messmann R, Provaznik Z, Schmid C, Maier L, Birner C, Arzt M and Wagner S (2020) Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment and haemodynamic factors are associated with increased cardiac mRNA expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in patients with cardiovascular disease , European Journal of Heart Failure, 10.1002/ejhf.2020, 22:12, (2248-2257), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Yan H, Valdes A, Vijay A, Wang S, Liang L, Yang S, Wang H, Tan X, Du J, Jin S, Huang K, Jiang F, Zhang S, Zheng N, Hu Y, Cai T and Aithal G (2020) Role of Drugs Used for Chronic Disease Management on Susceptibility and Severity of COVID‐19: A Large Case‐Control Study, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10.1002/cpt.2047, 108:6, (1185-1194), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Gupta N, Patel K and Gupta R (2020) The other possible mechanism of the benefits of RAAS inhibition in the athogenesis of COVID ‐19 , Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.23494, 43:12, (1349-1349), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020.

Moon S, Lee H, Jang J and Park S (2020) Association Between Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and the Risk of Lung Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension From the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort, Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 10.3961/jpmph.20.405, 53:6, (476-486), Online publication date: 30-Nov-2020.

Nigro E, Perrotta F, Polito R, D’Agnano V, Scialò F, Bianco A, Daniele A and Depping R (2020) Metabolic Perturbations and Severe COVID-19 Disease: Implication of Molecular Pathways, International Journal of Endocrinology, 10.1155/2020/8896536, 2020, (1-10), Online publication date: 28-Nov-2020.

Kim K, Ko Y, Ko D, Kim Y and Shi W (2020) Prognostic Significance of COVID-19 Receptor ACE2 and Recommendation for Antihypertensive Drug in Renal Cell Carcinoma, BioMed Research International, 10.1155/2020/2054376, 2020, (1-7), Online publication date: 25-Nov-2020.

Tavares C, Bailey M and Girardi A (2020) Biological Context Linking Hypertension and Higher Risk for COVID-19 Severity, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2020.599729, 11

Patel A and Verma A (2020) Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors Impact on COVID-19 Mortality: What’s Next for ACE2?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/cid/ciaa627, 71:16, (2129-2131), Online publication date: 19-Nov-2020.

Jung S, Choi J, You S and Kim W (2020) Association of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Inhibitors With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)- Related Outcomes in Korea: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/cid/ciaa624, 71:16, (2121-2128), Online publication date: 19-Nov-2020.

Liu J, Li H, Luo M, Liu J, Wu L, Lin X, Li R, Wang Z, Zhong H, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Jiang D, Tan X, Zhou Z, Peng H, Zhang G and Adrish M (2020) Lymphopenia predicted illness severity and recovery in patients with COVID-19: A single-center, retrospective study, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0241659, 15:11, (e0241659)

Selçuk M, Çınar T, Keskin M, Çiçek V, Kılıç Ş, Kenan B, Doğan S, Asal S, Günay N, Yıldırım E, Keskin Ü and Orhan A (2020) Is the use of ACE inb/ARBs associated with higher in-hospital mortality in Covid-19 pneumonia patients?, Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 10.1080/10641963.2020.1783549, 42:8, (738-742), Online publication date: 16-Nov-2020.

Gold M, Sehayek D, Gabrielli S, Zhang X, McCusker C and Ben-Shoshan M (2020) COVID-19 and comorbidities: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Postgraduate Medicine, 10.1080/00325481.2020.1786964, 132:8, (749-755), Online publication date: 16-Nov-2020.

Lores E, Wysocki J and Batlle D (2020) ACE2, the kidney and the emergence of COVID-19 two decades after ACE2 discovery, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20200484, 134:21, (2791-2805), Online publication date: 13-Nov-2020.

Goudot G, Chocron R, Augy J, Gendron N, Khider L, Debuc B, Aissaoui N, Peron N, Hauw-Berlemont C, Vedie B, Cheng C, Mohamedi N, Krzisch D, Philippe A, Puscas T, Hermann B, Brichet J, Juvin P, Planquette B, Messas E, Pere H, Veyer D, Gaussem P, Sanchez O, Diehl J, Mirault T and Smadja D (2020) Predictive Factor for COVID-19 Worsening: Insights for High-Sensitivity Troponin and D-Dimer and Correlation With Right Ventricular Afterload, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2020.586307, 7

Gudadappanavar A and Benni J (2020) An evidence-based systematic review on emerging therapeutic and preventive strategies to treat novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) during an outbreak scenario, Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0113, 31:6, Online publication date: 11-Nov-2020., Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Festa M, Sansone C, Brunet C, Crocetta F, Di Paola L, Lombardo M, Bruno A, Noonan D and Albini A (2020) Cardiovascular Active Peptides of Marine Origin with ACE Inhibitory Activities: Potential Role as Anti-Hypertensive Drugs and in Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms21218364, 21:21, (8364)

Chueh T, Zheng C, Hou Y and Lu K (2020) Novel Evidence of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9113547, 9:11, (3547)

Hachim M, Al Heialy S, Senok A, Hamid Q and Alsheikh-Ali A (2020) Molecular Basis of Cardiac and Vascular Injuries Associated With COVID-19, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2020.582399, 7

Lenihan D, Carver J, Porter C, Liu J, Dent S, Thavendiranathan P, Mitchell J, Nohria A, Fradley M, Pusic I, Stockerl‐Goldstein K, Blaes A, Lyon A, Ganatra S, López‐Fernández T, O'Quinn R, Minotti G, Szmit S, Cardinale D, Alvarez‐Cardona J, Curigliano G, Neilan T and Herrmann J (2020) Cardio‐oncology care in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic: An International Cardio‐Oncology Society (ICOS) statement, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 10.3322/caac.21635, 70:6, (480-504), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Alonso M, Mata-Forte T, García-León N, Vullo P, Ramírez-Olivencia G, Estébanez M and Álvarez-Marcos F (2020) Incidence, Characteristics, Laboratory Findings and Outcomes in Acro-Ischemia in COVID-19 Patients, Vascular Health and Risk Management, 10.2147/VHRM.S276530, Volume 16, (467-478)

Lundholm M, Poku C, Emanuele N, Emanuele M and Lopez N (2020) SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the Endocrine System, Journal of the Endocrine Society, 10.1210/jendso/bvaa144, 4:11, Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Chan C, Huang Y, Liao H, Tsai I, Sun C, Pan H, Chueh J, Wang J, Wu V and Chu T (2020) Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Hypertension, 76:5, (1563-1571), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Sparks M, South A, Badley A, Baker-Smith C, Batlle D, Bozkurt B, Cattaneo R, Crowley S, Dell’Italia L, Ford A, Griendling K, Gurley S, Kasner S, Murray J, Nath K, Pfeffer M, Rangaswami J, Taylor W and Garovic V (2020) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, COVID-19, and the Renin-Angiotensin System, Hypertension, 76:5, (1350-1367), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Chirinos J, Cohen J, Zhao L, Hanff T, Sweitzer N, Fang J, Corrales-Medina V, Ammar R, Morley M, Zamani P, Bhattacharya P, Brandimarto J, Jia Y, Basso M, Wang Z, Ebert C, Ramirez-Valle F, Schafer P, Seiffert D, Gordon D and Cappola T (2020) Clinical and Proteomic Correlates of Plasma ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) in Human Heart Failure, Hypertension, 76:5, (1526-1536), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Davidson A, Wysocki J and Batlle D (2020) Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronavirus With ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)-2 as Their Main Receptor, Hypertension, 76:5, (1339-1349), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Ssentongo A, Ssentongo P, Heilbrunn E, Lekoubou A, Du P, Liao D, Oh J and Chinchilli V (2020) Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and the risk of mortality in patients with hypertension hospitalised for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis, Open Heart, 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001353, 7:2, (e001353), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Chen X, Chen Y, Wu C, Wei M, Xu J, Chao Y, Song J, Hou D, Zhang Y, Du C, Li X and Song Y (2020) Coagulopathy is a major extrapulmonary risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with type 2 diabetes, BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001851, 8:2, (e001851), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Zhao H, Yang X, Wang A and Li Y (2020) Pharmacological rationale for antihypertensive drug choice on COVID‐19–affected patients: ACEI/ARB might not increase their susceptibility, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 10.1111/jcmm.15850, 24:21, (12879-12881), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Chen R, Yang J, Gao X, Ding X, Yang Y, Shen Y, He C, Xiang H, Ke J, Yuan F, Cheng R, Lv H, Li P, Zhang L, Liu C, Tan H and Huang L (2020) Influence of blood pressure control and application of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors on the outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension, The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 10.1111/jch.14038, 22:11, (1974-1983), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Rodrigues‐Diez R, Tejera‐Muñoz A, Marquez‐Exposito L, Rayego‐Mateos S, Santos Sanchez L, Marchant V, Tejedor Santamaria L, Ramos A, Ortiz A, Egido J and Ruiz‐Ortega M (2020) Statins: Could an old friend help in the fight against COVID‐19?, British Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1111/bph.15166, 177:21, (4873-4886), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Alexander S, Armstrong J, Davenport A, Davies J, Faccenda E, Harding S, Levi‐Schaffer F, Maguire J, Pawson A, Southan C and Spedding M (2020) A rational roadmap for SARS‐CoV‐2/COVID‐19 pharmacotherapeutic research and development: IUPHAR Review 29, British Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1111/bph.15094, 177:21, (4942-4966), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Gill D, Arvanitis M, Carter P, Hernández Cordero A, Jo B, Karhunen V, Larsson S, Li X, Lockhart S, Mason A, Pashos E, Saha A, Tan V, Zuber V, Bossé Y, Fahle S, Hao K, Jiang T, Joubert P, Lunt A, Ouwehand W, Roberts D, Timens W, van den Berge M, Watkins N, Battle A, Butterworth A, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, Engelhardt B, Peters J, Sin D and Burgess S (2020) ACE inhibition and cardiometabolic risk factors, lung ACE2 and TMPRSS2 gene expression, and plasma ACE2 levels: a Mendelian randomization study , Royal Society Open Science, 10.1098/rsos.200958, 7:11, (200958), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Bae S, Kim J, Kim Y, Lim J, Yun S, Kim Y, Lee S and Kim S (2020) Effects of Recent Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Mortality of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/ofid/ofaa519, 7:11, Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Münzel T, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Keaney J, Deanfield J and Daiber A (2020) Effects of tobacco cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinical outcomes, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa460, 41:41, (4057-4070), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

de la Cruz A, Ashraf S, Vittorio T and Bella J (2020) COVID-19 and renin-angiotensin system modulators: what do we know so far?, Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 10.1080/14779072.2020.1814143, 18:11, (743-748), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Chatterjee B and Thakur S (2020) ACE2 as a potential therapeutic target for pandemic COVID-19, RSC Advances, 10.1039/D0RA08228G, 10:65, (39808-39813)

Matsuzawa Y, Ogawa H, Kimura K, Konishi M, Kirigaya J, Fukui K, Tsukahara K, Shimizu H, Iwabuchi K, Yamada Y, Saka K, Takeuchi I, Hirano T and Tamura K (2020) Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 in Kanagawa, Japan: a retrospective cohort study, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/s41440-020-00535-8, 43:11, (1257-1266), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Medzikovic L, Cunningham C, Li M, Amjedi M, Hong J, Ruffenach G and Eghbali M (2020) Sex differences underlying preexisting cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular injury in COVID-19, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.08.007, 148, (25-33), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Wang J, Edin M, Zeldin D, Li C, Wang D and Chen C (2020) Good or bad: Application of RAAS inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular comorbidities, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107628, 215, (107628), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Morollón N, Belvís R, De Dios A, Pagès N, González-Oria C, Latorre G and Santos-Lasaosa S (2020) Standard headache and neuralgia treatments and SARS-CoV-2: opinion of the Spanish Society of Neurology’s Headache Study Group, Neurología (English Edition), 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.07.008, 35:9, (628-632), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Morollón N, Belvís R, De Dios A, Pagès N, González-Oria C, Latorre G and Santos-Lasaosa S (2020) Tratamientos habituales utilizados en cefaleas, neuralgias y SARS-CoV-2. Posicionamiento del grupo de estudio de cefaleas de la Sociedad Española de Neurología, Neurología, 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.07.007, 35:9, (628-632), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Phyu Khin P, Cha S, Jun H and Lee J (2020) A potential therapeutic combination for treatment of COVID-19: Synergistic effect of DPP4 and RAAS suppression, Medical Hypotheses, 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110186, 144, (110186), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Garg A, Rout A, Sharma A, Fiorello B and Kostis J (2020) Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers With Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.010, 95:11, (2559-2561), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Mai F, Del Pinto R and Ferri C (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases, Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.07.013, 76:5, (453-458), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Yuan Y, Liu D, Zeng S, Wang S, Xu S, Wang Y, Yu R, Gao Y, Li H, Feng X, Zhou N, Zhao C and Gao Q (2020) In-hospital use of ACEI/ARB is associated with lower risk of mortality and critic illness in COVID-19 patients with hypertension, Journal of Infection, 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.014, 81:5, (816-846), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Kasal D, De Lorenzo A and Tibiriçá E (2020) COVID-19 and Microvascular Disease: Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Focus on the Renin-Angiotensin System, Heart, Lung and Circulation, 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.010, 29:11, (1596-1602), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Booz G, Altara R, Eid A, Wehbe Z, Fares S, Zaraket H, Habeichi N and Zouein F (2020) Macrophage responses associated with COVID-19: A pharmacological perspective, European Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173547, 887, (173547), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Bakouny Z, Hawley J, Choueiri T, Peters S, Rini B, Warner J and Painter C (2020) COVID-19 and Cancer: Current Challenges and Perspectives, Cancer Cell, 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.018, 38:5, (629-646), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Georges J, Cochet H, Roger G, Ben Jemaa H, Soltani J, Azowa J, Mamou R, Gilles F, Saba J, Prevot A, Pasqualini M, Monguillon V, De Tournemire M, Bertrand A, Koukabi-Fradelizi M, Beressi J and Livarek B (2020) Association entre l’hypertension artérielle, les traitements inhibiteurs du système rénine angiotensine et les formes graves de COVID-19. Étude prospective monocentrique française, Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie, 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.030, 69:5, (247-254), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Saib A, Nguyen L, Amara W, Feki A and Nallet O (2020) Impact du traitement par IEC/ARA2 chez les patients hospitalisés pour Covid-19 : une étude de cohorte, Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angéiologie, 10.1016/j.ancard.2020.09.015, 69:5, (338), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Patoulias D, Katsimardou A, Stavropoulos K, Imprialos K, Kalogirou M and Doumas M (2020) Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evidence for Significant Geographical Disparities, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-020-01101-w, 22:11, Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Smadja D, Guerin C, Chocron R, Yatim N, Boussier J, Gendron N, Khider L, Hadjadj J, Goudot G, Debuc B, Juvin P, Hauw-Berlemont C, Augy J, Peron N, Messas E, Planquette B, Sanchez O, Charbit B, Gaussem P, Duffy D, Terrier B, Mirault T and Diehl J (2020) Angiopoietin-2 as a marker of endothelial activation is a good predictor factor for intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients, Angiogenesis, 10.1007/s10456-020-09730-0, 23:4, (611-620), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Najafi S, Rajaei E, Moallemian R and Nokhostin F (2020) The potential similarities of COVID-19 and autoimmune disease pathogenesis and therapeutic options: new insights approach, Clinical Rheumatology, 10.1007/s10067-020-05376-x, 39:11, (3223-3235), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Froldi G (2020) What could be the better choice between ACE inhibitors and AT1R antagonists in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients?, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.25974, 92:11, (2302-2303), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Wei Z, Geng Y, Huang J and Qian H (2020) Pathogenesis and management of myocardial injury in coronavirus disease 2019, European Journal of Heart Failure, 10.1002/ejhf.1967, 22:11, (1994-2006), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Goha A, Mezue K, Edwards P, Nunura F, Baugh D and Madu E (2020) COVID ‐19 and the heart: An update for clinicians , Clinical Cardiology, 10.1002/clc.23406, 43:11, (1216-1222), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020.

Biscetti F, Rando M, Nardella E, Cecchini A, Bruno P, Landolfi R and Flex A (2020) Cardiovascular Disease and SARS-CoV-2: the Role of Host Immune Response Versus Direct Viral Injury, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms21218141, 21:21, (8141)

Galán M and Jiménez-Altayó F (2020) Small Resistance Artery Disease and ACE2 in Hypertension: A New Paradigm in the Context of COVID-19, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2020.588692, 7

Matveev A, Otdelenov V and Sychev D (2020) Current and future use of angiotensin II receptor blockers in patients with COVID-19, Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika, 10.37489/2588-0519-2020-S4-28-31:4S, (28-31)

Hrenak J and Simko F (2020) Renin–Angiotensin System: An Important Player in the Pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms21218038, 21:21, (8038)

Chazova I, Blinova N, Nevzorova V, Zhernakova J, Savenkov M, Oshchepkova E, Ostroumova O, Kisliak O and Boytsov S (2020) Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension Expert Consensus: Hypertension and COVID-19, Systemic Hypertension, 10.26442/2075082X.2020.3.200362, 17:3, (35-41)

Barker H, Parkkila S and Bader M (2020) Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0240647, 15:10, (e0240647)

Lee I, Nakayama T, Wu C, Goltsev Y, Jiang S, Gall P, Liao C, Shih L, Schürch C, McIlwain D, Chu P, Borchard N, Zarabanda D, Dholakia S, Yang A, Kim D, Chen H, Kanie T, Lin C, Tsai M, Phillips K, Kim R, Overdevest J, Tyler M, Yan C, Lin C, Lin Y, Bau D, Tsay G, Patel Z, Tsou Y, Tzankov A, Matter M, Tai C, Yeh T, Hwang P, Nolan G, Nayak J and Jackson P (2020) ACE2 localizes to the respiratory cilia and is not increased by ACE inhibitors or ARBs, Nature Communications, 10.1038/s41467-020-19145-6, 11:1

Bubnova M and Aronov D (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases: from epidemiology to rehabilitation, PULMONOLOGIYA, 10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-5-688-699, 30:5, (688-699)

Felice C, Nardin C, Di Tanna G, Grossi U, Bernardi E, Scaldaferri L, Romagnoli M, Tonon L, Cavasin P, Novello S, Scarpa R, Farnia A, De Menis E, Rigoli R, Cinetto F, Pauletto P, Agostini C and Rattazzi M (2020) Use of RAAS Inhibitors and Risk of Clinical Deterioration in COVID-19: Results From an Italian Cohort of 133 Hypertensives, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1093/ajh/hpaa096, 33:10, (944-948), Online publication date: 21-Oct-2020.

В. І. Цимбалюк , М. Д. Тронько , Ю. Г. Антипкін and В. В. Попова (2020) Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: current issues of pathogenesis, clinic and therapy. Literature review, REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, 10.18370/2309-4117.2020.54.8-21:54, (8-21)

Onwudiwe O, Weli H, Shaanu T, Akata N and Ebong I (2020) Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an update, Journal of Global Health Reports, 10.29392/001c.17372, 4

Ferrario C, Ahmad S and Groban L (2020) Twenty years of progress in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and its link to SARS-CoV-2 disease, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20200901, 134:19, (2645-2664), Online publication date: 16-Oct-2020.

Mina A, van Besien K and Platanias L (2020) Hematological manifestations of COVID-19, Leukemia & Lymphoma, 10.1080/10428194.2020.1788017, 61:12, (2790-2798), Online publication date: 14-Oct-2020.

Aljabali A, Bakshi H, Satija S, Metha M, Prasher P, Ennab R, Chellappan D, Gupta G, Negi P, Goyal R, Sharma A, Mishra V, Dureja H, Dua K and Tambuwala M COVID-19: Underpinning Research for Detection, Therapeutics, and Vaccines Development, Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, 10.2174/2211738508999200817163335, 8:4, (323-353)

Sadria M, Layton A and Beard D (2020) Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Modeling Analysis, PLOS Computational Biology, 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008235, 16:10, (e1008235)

Zipeto D, Palmeira J, Argañaraz G and Argañaraz E (2020) ACE2/ADAM17/TMPRSS2 Interplay May Be the Main Risk Factor for COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576745, 11

Sweeney M, Corden B and Cook S (2020) Targeting cardiac fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mirage or miracle?, EMBO Molecular Medicine, 10.15252/emmm.201910865, 12:10, Online publication date: 7-Oct-2020.

Khalaf K, Papp N, Chou J, Hana D, Mackiewicz A and Kaczmarek M (2020) SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570927, 11

Mahajan K, Chand Negi P, Ganju N, Sondhi S, Gaur N, Somendra R and Katsuya T (2020) Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19: Current Concepts, International Journal of Hypertension, 10.1155/2020/1025913, 2020, (1-6), Online publication date: 6-Oct-2020.

Xiong T, Huang F, Liu Q, Peng Y, Xu Y, Wei J, Li N, Bai B, Li J, Prendergast B, Li W and Chen M (2020) Hypertension is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a cohort study, Annals of Medicine, 10.1080/07853890.2020.1802059, 52:7, (361-366), Online publication date: 2-Oct-2020.

Infusino F, Cimino S, Lombardi M, Mancone M, Cavarretta E, Frati G, Pugliese F, Fedele F and Biondi Zoccai G Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and SARS-CoV-2 infection: where are we?, Minerva Cardioangiologica, 10.23736/S0026-4725.20.05271-8, 68:4

Gao Y, Du Y, Zhang C, Cheng C, Yang H, Jin Y, Duan G and Chen S (2020) Role of Renin-Angiotensin System in Acute Lung Injury Caused by Viral Infection, Infection and Drug Resistance, 10.2147/IDR.S265718, Volume 13, (3715-3725)

Kumar R, Lee M, Mickael C, Kassa B, Pasha Q, Tuder R and Graham B (2020) Pathophysiology and potential future therapeutic targets using preclinical models of COVID-19, ERJ Open Research, 10.1183/23120541.00405-2020, 6:4, (00405-2020), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Wu C, Ye D, Mullick A, Li Z, Danser A, Daugherty A and Lu H (2020) Effects of Renin-Angiotensin Inhibition on ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane Protease Serine 2) Expression, Hypertension, 76:4, (e29-e30), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Sica A, Colombo M, Trama A, Horn L, Garassino M and Torri V (2020) Immunometabolic Status of COVID-19 Cancer Patients, Physiological Reviews, 10.1152/physrev.00018.2020, 100:4, (1839-1850), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Porzionato A, Emmi A, Stocco E, Barbon S, Boscolo-Berto R, Macchi V and De Caro R (2020) The potential role of the carotid body in COVID-19, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2020, 319:4, (L620-L626), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Siri‐Angkul N, Chattipakorn S and Chattipakorn N (2020) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 at the interface between renin‐angiotensin system inhibition and coronavirus disease 2019, The Journal of Physiology, 10.1113/JP280138, 598:19, (4181-4195), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Aleksova A, Ferro F, Gagno G, Cappelletto C, Santon D, Rossi M, Ippolito G, Zumla A, Beltrami A and Sinagra G (2020) COVID‐19 and renin‐angiotensin system inhibition: role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) ‐ Is there any scientific evidence for controversy?, Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.1111/joim.13101, 288:4, (410-421), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Cohen J, Hanff T, Corrales‐Medina V, William P, Renna N, Rosado‐Santander N, Rodriguez‐Mori J, Spaak J, Andrade‐Villanueva J, Chang T, Barbagelata A, Alfonso C, Bernales‐Salas E, Coacalla J, Castro‐Callirgos C, Tupayachi‐Venero K, Medina C, Valdivia R, Villavicencio M, Vasquez C, Harhay M, Chittams J, Sharkoski T, Byrd J, Edmonston D, Sweitzer N and Chirinos J (2020) Randomized elimination and prolongation of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in coronavirus 2019 (REPLACE COVID) Trial Protocol, The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 10.1111/jch.14011, 22:10, (1780-1788), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Penman S, Kiy R, Jensen R, Beoku‐Betts C, Alfirevic A, Back D, Khoo S, Owen A, Pirmohamed M, Park B, Meng X, Goldring C and Chadwick A (2020) Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19, British Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1111/bph.15204, 177:19, (4353-4374), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Santesmasses D, Castro J, Zenin A, Shindyapina A, Gerashchenko M, Zhang B, Kerepesi C, Yim S, Fedichev P and Gladyshev V (2020) COVID‐19 is an emergent disease of aging, Aging Cell, 10.1111/acel.13230, 19:10, Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Chen L and Hao G (2020) The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular Research, 10.1093/cvr/cvaa093, 116:12, (1932-1936), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Shibata S, Arima H, Asayama K, Hoshide S, Ichihara A, Ishimitsu T, Kario K, Kishi T, Mogi M, Nishiyama A, Ohishi M, Ohkubo T, Tamura K, Tanaka M, Yamamoto E, Yamamoto K and Itoh H (2020) Hypertension and related diseases in the era of COVID-19: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Task Force on COVID-19, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/s41440-020-0515-0, 43:10, (1028-1046), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Verdoia M, Nardin M, Rolla R, Negro F, Gioscia R, Saghir Afifeh A, Viglione F, Suryapranata H, Marcolongo M and De Luca G (2020) Vitamin D levels condition the outcome benefits of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105158, 160, (105158), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Salazar M, Barochiner J, Espeche W and Ennis I (2020) COVID-19, hipertensión y enfermedad cardiovascular, Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, 10.1016/j.hipert.2020.06.003, 37:4, (176-180), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Choi M, Aiello E, Ennis I and Villa-Abrille M (2020) El SRAA y el SARS-CoV-2: el acertijo a resolver, Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, 10.1016/j.hipert.2020.05.005, 37:4, (169-175), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Leung E, Pan H, Huang Y, Fan X, Wang W, He F, Cai J, Zhou H and Liu L (2020) The Scientific Foundation of Chinese Herbal Medicine against COVID-19, Engineering, 10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.009, 6:10, (1099-1107), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Poduri R, Joshi G and Jagadeesh G (2020) Drugs targeting various stages of the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle: Exploring promising drugs for the treatment of Covid-19, Cellular Signalling, 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109721, 74, (109721), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Norambuena-Soto I, Ocaranza M, Cancino-Arenas N, Sanhueza–Olivares F, Villar-Fincheira P, Leiva–Navarrete S, Mancilla-Medina C, Moya J, Novoa U, Jalil J, Castro P, Lavandero S and Chiong M (2020) Angiotensin-(1–9) prevents vascular remodeling by decreasing vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation through a FoxO1-dependent mechanism, Biochemical Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114190, 180, (114190), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Vallamkondu J, John A, Wani W, Ramadevi S, Jella K, Reddy P and Kandimalla R (2020) SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and assessment of coronaviruses in CNS diseases with a focus on therapeutic targets, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165889, 1866:10, (165889), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

de Fréminville J and Azizi M (2020) Inhibiteurs du système rénine-angiotensine au cours de la COVID-19 : protecteurs ou dangereux ?, Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux - Pratique, 10.1016/j.amcp.2020.07.004, 2020:291, (20-24), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Hanley B, Naresh K, Roufosse C, Nicholson A, Weir J, Cooke G, Thursz M, Manousou P, Corbett R, Goldin R, Al-Sarraj S, Abdolrasouli A, Swann O, Baillon L, Penn R, Barclay W, Viola P and Osborn M (2020) Histopathological findings and viral tropism in UK patients with severe fatal COVID-19: a post-mortem study, The Lancet Microbe, 10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30115-4, 1:6, (e245-e253), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Sharma S (2020) COVID-19: A Concern for Cardiovascular Disease Patients, Cardiovascular Toxicology, 10.1007/s12012-020-09596-0, 20:5, (443-447), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Cheng L, Li H, Li L, Liu C, Yan S, Chen H and Li Y (2020) Ferritin in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19): A systematic review and meta‐analysis, Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 10.1002/jcla.23618, 34:10, Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Ragni E, Mangiavini L, Viganò M, Brini A, Peretti G, Banfi G and de Girolamo L (2020) Management of Osteoarthritis During the COVID‐19 Pandemic, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10.1002/cpt.1910, 108:4, (719-729), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Grasselli G, Greco M, Zanella A, Albano G, Antonelli M, Bellani G, Bonanomi E, Cabrini L, Carlesso E, Castelli G, Cattaneo S, Cereda D, Colombo S, Coluccello A, Crescini G, Forastieri Molinari A, Foti G, Fumagalli R, Iotti G, Langer T, Latronico N, Lorini F, Mojoli F, Natalini G, Pessina C, Ranieri V, Rech R, Scudeller L, Rosano A, Storti E, Thompson B, Tirani M, Villani P, Pesenti A, Cecconi M, Agosteo E, Albano G, Albertin A, Alborghetti A, Aldegheri G, Antonini B, Barbara E, Bardelloni G, Basilico S, Belgiorno N, Bellani G, Beretta E, Berselli A, Bianciardi L, Bonanomi E, Bonazzi S, Borelli M, Bottino N, Bronzini N, Brusatori S, Cabrini L, Capra C, Carnevale L, Castelli G, Catena E, Cattaneo S, Cecconi M, Celotti S, Cerutti S, Chiumello D, Cirri S, Citerio G, Colombo S, Coluccello A, Coppini D, Corona A, Cortellazzi P, Costantini E, Covello R, Crescini G, De Filippi G, Dei Poli M, Dughi P, Fieni F, Florio G, Forastieri Molinari A, Foti G, Fumagalli R, Galletti M, Gallioli G, Gay H, Gemma M, Gnesin P, Grasselli G, Greco S, Greco M, Grosso P, Guatteri L, Guzzon D, Iotti G, Keim R, Langer T, Latronico N, Lombardo A, Lorini F, Mamprin F, Marino G, Marino F, Merli G, Micucci A, Militano C, Mojoli F, Monti G, Muttini S, Nadalin S, Natalini G, Perazzo P, Perego G, Perotti L, Pesenti A, Pessina C, Petrucci N, Pezzi A, Piva S, Portella G, Protti A, Racagni M, Radrizzani D, Raimondi M, Ranucci M, Rech R, Riccio M, Rosano A, Ruggeri P, Sala G, Salvi L, Sebastiano P, Severgnini P, Sigurtà D, Stocchetti N, Storti E, Subert M, Tavola M, Todaro S, Torriglia F, Tubiolo D, Valsecchi R, Villani P, Viola U, Vitale G, Zambon M, Zanella A and Zoia E (2020) Risk Factors Associated With Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units in Lombardy, Italy, JAMA Internal Medicine, 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3539, 180:10, (1345), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020.

Saponaro F, Rutigliano G, Sestito S, Bandini L, Storti B, Bizzarri R and Zucchi R (2020) ACE2 in the Era of SARS-CoV-2: Controversies and Novel Perspectives, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 10.3389/fmolb.2020.588618, 7

Grinevich V, Kravchuk Y, Ped V, Sas E, Salikova S, Gubonina I, Tkachenko E, Sitkin S, Lazebnik L and Golovanova E (2020) Management of patients with digestive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Gastroenterological Scientific Society of Russia, Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-179-7-4-51:7, (4-51)

Hu Y, Cheng W, Hung Y, Lin W, Chao T, Liao J, Lin Y, Lin W, Chen Y and Chen S (2020) Management of Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19 Pandemic, Circulation Journal, 10.1253/circj.CJ-20-0566, 84:10, (1679-1685), Online publication date: 25-Sep-2020.

Hanna R, Dalvi S, Sălăgean T, Bordea I and Benedicenti S (2020) Phototherapy as a Rational Antioxidant Treatment Modality in COVID-19 Management; New Concept and Strategic Approach: Critical Review, Antioxidants, 10.3390/antiox9090875, 9:9, (875)

Chauhan D, Prasad R, Srivastava R, Jaggi M, Chauhan S and Yallapu M (2020) Comprehensive Review on Current Interventions, Diagnostics, and Nanotechnology Perspectives against SARS-CoV-2, Bioconjugate Chemistry, 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00323, 31:9, (2021-2045), Online publication date: 16-Sep-2020.

Lam K, Chow K, Vo J, Hou W, Li H, Richman P, Mallipattu S, Skopicki H, Singer A and Duong T (2020) Continued In-Hospital Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients Is Associated With Positive Clinical Outcome, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/infdis/jiaa447, 222:8, (1256-1264), Online publication date: 14-Sep-2020.

Chen L, Chen H, Dong S, Huang W, Chen L, Wei Y, Shi L, Li J, Zhu F, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Lv X, Yu X, Li H, Wei W, Zhang K, Zhu L, Qu C, Hong J, Hu C, Dong J, Qi R, Lu D, Wang H, Peng S and Hao G (2020) The Effects of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on ACE2-Related Coronavirus Pathology and the Cardiovascular System: An Evidence-Based Review, Function, 10.1093/function/zqaa012, 1:2, Online publication date: 14-Sep-2020.

Sinderewicz E, Czelejewska W, Jezierska-Wozniak K, Staszkiewicz-Chodor J and Maksymowicz W (2020) Immune Response to COVID-19: Can We Benefit from the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Pandemic Experience?, Pathogens, 10.3390/pathogens9090739, 9:9, (739)

Naqvi I and Rizvi S The Comprehensive Appraisal of COVID-19: Its’ Clinical Panorama from Virology till Management and Beyond, Coronaviruses, 10.2174/2666796701999200701132336, 1:1, (57-72)

Kozlov I and Tyurin I (2020) Cardiovascular complications of COVID-19, Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION, 10.21292/2078-5658-2020-17-4-14-22, 17:4, (14-22)

Gemmati D and Tisato V (2020) Genetic Hypothesis and Pharmacogenetics Side of Renin-Angiotensin-System in COVID-19, Genes, 10.3390/genes11091044, 11:9, (1044)

Ushakov I, Parfyonov A, Bondarenko R and Komarevtsev V (2020) Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 effect on human body: unobvious pathogenetic links, Medicine of Extreme Situations, 10.47183/mes.2020.012:(3)2020

Novikov A, Bolevich S, Vorobjov S, Novikova N, Bolotov D and Yakovchenko A (2020) Pathogenetic Substantiation of Therapeutic and Preventive Measures in Severe Coronavirus Infection, Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 10.2478/sjecr-2020-0043, 21:3, (189-199), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020., Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Cherneva Z and Cherneva R (2020) COVID-19 Associated Coagulopathy and Implications for its Treatment, Acta Medica Bulgarica, 10.2478/amb-2020-0035, 47:3, (48-52), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020., Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Czick M, Shapter C and Shapter R (2020) COVID’s Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 10.2147/DMSO.S265518, Volume 13, (3169-3192)

Wysocki J, Lores E, Ye M, Soler M and Batlle D (2020) Kidney and Lung ACE2 Expression after an ACE Inhibitor or an Ang II Receptor Blocker: Implications for COVID-19, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10.1681/ASN.2020050667, 31:9, (1941-1943), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Barrera F, Shekhar S, Wurth R, Moreno-Pena P, Ponce O, Hajdenberg M, Alvarez-Villalobos N, Hall J, Schiffrin E, Eisenhofer G, Porter F, Brito J, Bornstein S, Stratakis C, González-González J, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez R and Hannah-Shmouni F (2020) Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension and Their Associated Risks for Poor Outcomes in Covid-19 Patients, Journal of the Endocrine Society, 10.1210/jendso/bvaa102, 4:9, Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Pan W, Zhang J, Wang M, Ye J, Xu Y, Shen B, He H, Wang Z, Ye D, Zhao M, Luo Z, Liu M, Zhang P, Gu J, Liu M, Li D, Liu J and Wan J (2020) Clinical Features of COVID-19 in Patients With Essential Hypertension and the Impacts of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Inhibitors on the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients, Hypertension, 76:3, (732-741), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Khider L, Gendron N, Goudot G, Chocron R, Hauw‐Berlemont C, Cheng C, Rivet N, Pere H, Roffe A, Clerc S, Lebeaux D, Debuc B, Veyer D, Rance B, Gaussem P, Bertil S, Badoual C, Juvin P, Planquette B, Messas E, Sanchez O, Hulot J, Diehl J, Mirault T and Smadja D (2020) Curative anticoagulation prevents endothelial lesion in COVID‐19 patients, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 10.1111/jth.14968, 18:9, (2391-2399), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Chee Y, Tan S and Yeoh E (2020) Dissecting the interaction between COVID‐19 and diabetes mellitus, Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 10.1111/jdi.13326, 11:5, (1104-1114), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Edmonston D, South A, Sparks M and Cohen J (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Hypertension: The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and the Renin-Angiotensin System, Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 10.1053/j.ackd.2020.07.002, 27:5, (404-411), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Nishiga M, Wang D, Han Y, Lewis D and Wu J (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9, 17:9, (543-558), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Zhou Z, Qiu Y and Tao J (2020) The role of ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19: Friend or foe?, Medical Hypotheses, 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109810, 142, (109810), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Wang H, Varagic J, Nagata S, Kon N, Ahmad S, VonCannon J, Wright K, Sun X, Deal D, Groban L and Ferrario C (2020) Differential Expression of the Angiotensin-(1-12)/Chymase Axis in Human Atrial Tissue, Journal of Surgical Research, 10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.051, 253, (173-184), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Bristow M, Zisman L, Altman N, Gilbert E, Lowes B, Minobe W, Slavov D, Schwisow J, Rodriguez E, Carroll I, Keuer T, Buttrick P and Kao D (2020) Dynamic Regulation of SARS-Cov-2 Binding and Cell Entry Mechanisms in Remodeled Human Ventricular Myocardium, JACC: Basic to Translational Science, 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.06.007, 5:9, (871-883), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Malhotra A, Hepokoski M, McCowen K and Y-J Shyy J (2020) ACE2, Metformin, and COVID-19, iScience, 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101425, 23:9, (101425), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Alonso D and Farina H (2020) Repurposing of host-based therapeutic agents for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a link between antiviral and anticancer mechanisms?, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106125, 56:3, (106125), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Mihalopoulos M, Dogra N, Mohamed N, Badani K and Kyprianou N (2020) COVID-19 and Kidney Disease: Molecular Determinants and Clinical Implications in Renal Cancer, European Urology Focus, 10.1016/j.euf.2020.06.002, 6:5, (1086-1096), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Vitiello A and Ferrara F (2020) Correlation between renin-angiotensin system and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 infection: What do we know?, European Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173373, 883, (173373), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Ye H, Zhao C, Yang L, Yu W, Leng Z, Sun Y, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Zheng L, Ye X, Zheng L, Huang X, Dai Y and Li J (2020) Twelve out of 117 recovered COVID-19 patients retest positive in a single-center study of China, EClinicalMedicine, 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100492, 26, (100492), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Ferrario C (2020) Commentary on “angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic”, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.041, 14:5, (1401-1402), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Jagat J M, Kalyan K G and Subir R (2020) Use of pioglitazone in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Boon or bane?, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.015, 14:5, (829-831), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

van Dam P, Huizing M, Mestach G, Dierckxsens S, Tjalma W, Trinh X, Papadimitriou K, Altintas S, Vermorken J, Vulsteke C, Janssens A, Berneman Z, Prenen H, Meuris L, Vanden Berghe W, Smits E and Peeters M (2020) SARS-CoV-2 and cancer: Are they really partners in crime?, Cancer Treatment Reviews, 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102068, 89, (102068), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Groban L, Wang H, Sun X, Ahmad S and Ferrario C (2020) Is Sex a Determinant of COVID-19 Infection? Truth or Myth?, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-020-01073-x, 22:9, Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Messmann R, Dietl A, Wagner S, Domenig O, Jungbauer C, Luchner A, Maier L, Schopka S, Hirt S, Schmid C and Birner C (2020) Alterations of the renin angiotensin system in human end-stage heart failure before and after mechanical cardiac unloading by LVAD support, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 10.1007/s11010-020-03787-7, 472:1-2, (79-94), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Cheng H, Wang Y and Wang G (2020) Reply to: “Reporting of all cardiac medications and their outcome in COVID‐19”, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.25868, 92:9, (1421-1422), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Mehta N, Kalra A, Nowacki A, Anjewierden S, Han Z, Bhat P, Carmona-Rubio A, Jacob M, Procop G, Harrington S, Milinovich A, Svensson L, Jehi L, Young J and Chung M (2020) Association of Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), JAMA Cardiology, 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1855, 5:9, (1020), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Lippi G, Lavie C, Henry B and Sanchis-Gomar F (2020) Do genetic polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) gene play a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? , Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 10.1515/cclm-2020-0727, 58:9, (1415-1422), Online publication date: 27-Aug-2020., Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020.

Gardin C, Ferroni L, Chachques J and Zavan B (2020) Could Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Be a Therapeutic Option for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients?, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9092762, 9:9, (2762)

Ssentongo P, Ssentongo A, Heilbrunn E, Ba D, Chinchilli V and Hirst J (2020) Association of cardiovascular disease and 10 other pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0238215, 15:8, (e0238215)

Filippini A and D’Alessio A (2020) Caveolae and Lipid Rafts in Endothelium: Valuable Organelles for Multiple Functions, Biomolecules, 10.3390/biom10091218, 10:9, (1218)

Palma G, Pasqua T, Silvestri G, Rocca C, Gualtieri P, Barbieri A, De Bartolo A, De Lorenzo A, Angelone T, Avolio E and Botti G (2020) PI3Kδ Inhibition as a Potential Therapeutic Target in COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02094, 11

Đambić V, Pojatić Đ, Stažić A and Kibel A (2020) Significance of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Clinical Conditions Selected Chapters from the Renin-Angiotensin System, 10.5772/intechopen.92309

de Miranda A and Teixeira A (2020) Coronavirus Disease-2019 Conundrum: RAS Blockade and Geriatric-Associated Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2020.00515, 7

Callender L, Curran M, Bates S, Mairesse M, Weigandt J and Betts C (2020) The Impact of Pre-existing Comorbidities and Therapeutic Interventions on COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01991, 11

(2020) CORONAVIRUS: Pathology, Immunology and Therapies., International Journal of Pathology and Immunology, 10.46940/ijpi.01.1002, (1-17)

Kow C, Thiruchelvam K and Hasan S (2020) Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for the management of cardiovascular diseases among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 10.1080/14779072.2020.1797492, 18:8, (475-485), Online publication date: 2-Aug-2020.

Zaman S, MacIsaac A, Jennings G, Schlaich M, Inglis S, Arnold R, Kumar S, Thomas L, Wahi S, Lo S, Naismith C, Duffy S, Nicholls S, Newcomb A, Almeida A, Wong S, Lund M, Chew D, Kritharides L, Chow C and Bhindi R (2020) Cardiovascular disease and COVID ‐19: Australian and New Zealand consensus statement , Medical Journal of Australia, 10.5694/mja2.50714, 213:4, (182-187), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Nicholson P, Alshafai L and Krings T (2020) Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with COVID-19, American Journal of Neuroradiology, 10.3174/ajnr.A6630, 41:8, (1380-1383), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Selvin E and Juraschek S (2020) Diabetes Epidemiology in the COVID-19 Pandemic, Diabetes Care, 10.2337/dc20-1295, 43:8, (1690-1694), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Batlle D, Soler M, Welling P and Swaminathan S (2020) Authors’ Reply, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10.1681/ASN.2020060799, 31:8, (1918-1919), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Verdiner R, Choukalas C, Siddiqui S, Stahl D, Galvagno S, Jabaley C, Bartz R, Lane-Fall M, Goff K, Sreedharan R, Bennett S, Williams G and Khanna A (2020) COVID–Activated Emergency Scaling of Anesthesiology Responsibilities Intensive Care Unit, Anesthesia & Analgesia, 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004957, 131:2, (365-377), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Somasundaram N, Ranathunga I, Ratnasamy V, Wijewickrama P, Dissanayake H, Yogendranathan N, Gamage K, de Silva N, Sumanatilleke M, Katulanda P and Grossman A (2020) The Impact of SARS-Cov-2 Virus Infection on the Endocrine System, Journal of the Endocrine Society, 10.1210/jendso/bvaa082, 4:8, Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A and Angeli F (2020) COVID-19, Hypertension, 76:2, (294-299), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Iaccarino G, Grassi G, Borghi C, Ferri C, Salvetti M, Volpe M, Cicero A, Minuz P, Muiesan M, Mulatero P, Mulè G, Pucci G, Savoia C, Sechi L, Carugo S, Fallo F, Giannattasio C, Grassi D, Letizia C, Perlini S, Rizzoni D, Sarzani R, Tocci G, Veglio F, Agabiti Rosei C, Bevilacqua M, Bisogni V, Bombelli M, Bulfone L, Canichella F, Carpani G, Catanuso M, Chiarini G, Chiumiento F, Cianci R, Cipollini F, Concistrè A, Dalbeni A, De Blasi R, De Ciuceis C, Dell’Oro R, Di Guardo A, Di Lorenzo S, Di Norcia M, Ervo R, Eula E, Fabbricatore D, Fanelli E, Fava C, Grasso E, Grimaldi A, Illario M, Invernizzi C, Iraca E, Liegi F, Malerba P, Maloberti A, Mancusi C, Molinari G, Mussinelli R, Paini A, Pellimassi P, Piazza O, Pontremoli R, Quarti Tevano F, Rabbia F, Rocco M, Sabena A, Salinaro F, Schiavi P, Sgariglia M, Spannella F, Tedeschi S and Viale P (2020) Age and Multimorbidity Predict Death Among COVID-19 Patients, Hypertension, 76:2, (366-372), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Sarzani R, Giulietti F, Di Pentima C, Giordano P and Spannella F (2020) Disequilibrium between the classic renin-angiotensin system and its opposing arm in SARS-CoV-2-related lung injury, American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 10.1152/ajplung.00189.2020, 319:2, (L325-L336), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Kang Y, Chen T, Mui D, Ferrari V, Jagasia D, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Chen Y and Han Y (2020) Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19, Heart, 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317056, 106:15, (1132-1141), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Wei J, Huang F, Xiong T, Liu Q, Chen H, Wang H, Huang H, Luo Y, Zhou X, Liu Z, Peng Y, Xu Y, Wang B, Yang Y, Liang Z, Lei X, Ge Y, Yang M, Zhang L, Zeng M, Yu H, Liu K, Jia Y, Prendergast B, Li W and Chen M (2020) Acute myocardial injury is common in patients with COVID-19 and impairs their prognosis, Heart, 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317007, 106:15, (1154-1159), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Stein R (2020) COVID‐19: Risk groups, mechanistic insights and challenges, International Journal of Clinical Practice, 10.1111/ijcp.13512, 74:8, Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Wazny V, Siau A, Wu K and Cheung C (2020) Vascular underpinning of COVID-19, Open Biology, 10.1098/rsob.200208, 10:8, Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Guzik T, Mohiddin S, Dimarco A, Patel V, Savvatis K, Marelli-Berg F, Madhur M, Tomaszewski M, Maffia P, D’Acquisto F, Nicklin S, Marian A, Nosalski R, Murray E, Guzik B, Berry C, Touyz R, Kreutz R, Wang D, Bhella D, Sagliocco O, Crea F, Thomson E and McInnes I (2020) COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options, Cardiovascular Research, 10.1093/cvr/cvaa106, 116:10, (1666-1687), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Kreutz R, Algharably E, Azizi M, Dobrowolski P, Guzik T, Januszewicz A, Persu A, Prejbisz A, Riemer T, Wang J and Burnier M (2020) Hypertension, the renin–angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19, Cardiovascular Research, 10.1093/cvr/cvaa097, 116:10, (1688-1699), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Pallarés Carratalá V, Górriz-Zambrano C, Morillas Ariño C, Llisterri Caro J and Gorriz J (2020) COVID-19 y enfermedad cardiovascular y renal: ¿Dónde estamos? ¿Hacia dónde vamos?, Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN, 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.05.005, 46, (78-87), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Zhang X, Yu J, Pan L and Jiang H (2020) ACEI/ARB use and risk of infection or severity or mortality of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104927, 158, (104927), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Tadic M, Cuspidi C, Mancia G, Dell’Oro R and Grassi G (2020) COVID-19, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases: Should we change the therapy?, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104906, 158, (104906), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Renu K, Prasanna P and Valsala Gopalakrishnan A (2020) Coronaviruses pathogenesis, comorbidities and multi-organ damage – A review, Life Sciences, 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117839, 255, (117839), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Skevaki C, Fragkou P, Cheng C, Xie M and Renz H (2020) Laboratory characteristics of patients infected with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, Journal of Infection, 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.06.039, 81:2, (205-212), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Pirola C and Sookoian S (2020) Estimation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS)-Inhibitor effect on COVID-19 outcome: A Meta-analysis, Journal of Infection, 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.052, 81:2, (276-281), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Schönrich G, Raftery M and Samstag Y (2020) Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression, Advances in Biological Regulation, 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100741, 77, (100741), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Li G, He X, Zhang L, Ran Q, Wang J, Xiong A, Wu D, Chen F, Sun J and Chang C (2020) Assessing ACE2 expression patterns in lung tissues in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, Journal of Autoimmunity, 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102463, 112, (102463), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Sattar Y, Ullah W, Rauf H, Virk H, Yadav S, Chowdhury M, Connerney M, Mamtani S, Pahuja M, Patel R, Mir T, Almas T, Moussa Pacha H and Chadi Alraies M (2020) COVID-19 cardiovascular epidemiology, cellular pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management, IJC Heart & Vasculature, 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100589, 29, (100589), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Chung M, Karnik S, Saef J, Bergmann C, Barnard J, Lederman M, Tilton J, Cheng F, Harding C, Young J, Mehta N, Cameron S, McCrae K, Schmaier A, Smith J, Kalra A, Gebreselassie S, Thomas G, Hawkins E and Svensson L (2020) SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2: The biology and clinical data settling the ARB and ACEI controversy, EBioMedicine, 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102907, 58, (102907), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Sacks L, Pham C, Fleming N, Neoh S and Ekinci E (2020) Considerations for people with diabetes during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108296, 166, (108296), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Mahmoud I, Jarrar Y, Alshaer W and Ismail S (2020) SARS-CoV-2 entry in host cells-multiple targets for treatment and prevention, Biochimie, 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.012, 175, (93-98), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Mohammed El Tabaa M and Mohammed El Tabaa M (2020) Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost, Biochemical Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114057, 178, (114057), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Lévy B and Fauvel J (2020) Renin-angiotensin system blockers and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.07.001, 113:8-9, (572-578), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

George P, Wells A and Jenkins R (2020) Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30225-3, 8:8, (807-815), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Tuccori M, Convertino I, Ferraro S, Cappello E, Valdiserra G, Focosi D and Blandizzi C (2020) The Impact of the COVID-19 “Infodemic” on Drug-Utilization Behaviors: Implications for Pharmacovigilance, Drug Safety, 10.1007/s40264-020-00965-w, 43:8, (699-709), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Rahimi L, Malek M, Ismail-Beigi F and Khamseh M (2020) Challenging Issues in the Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Current Literature, Advances in Therapy, 10.1007/s12325-020-01417-8, 37:8, (3450-3462), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Albini A, Di Guardo G, Noonan D and Lombardo M (2020) The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE-2, is expressed on many different cell types: implications for ACE-inhibitor- and angiotensin II receptor blocker-based cardiovascular therapies, Internal and Emergency Medicine, 10.1007/s11739-020-02364-6, 15:5, (759-766), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Braga C, Silva‐Aguiar R, Battaglini D, Peruchetti D, Robba C, Pelosi P, Rocco P, Caruso‐Neves C and Silva P (2020) The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: Role in pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target in COVID‐19, Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 10.1002/prp2.623, 8:4, Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020.

Hanff T, Harhay M, Brown T, Cohen J and Mohareb A (2020) Is There an Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and the Renin-Angiotensin System? A Call for Epidemiologic Investigations, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/cid/ciaa329, 71:15, (870-874), Online publication date: 28-Jul-2020.

Chung S, Providencia R and Sofat R (2020) Association between Angiotensin Blockade and Incidence of Influenza in the United Kingdom, New England Journal of Medicine, 10.1056/NEJMc2005396, 383:4, (397-400), Online publication date: 23-Jul-2020.

Jung F, Krüger-Genge A, Franke R, Hufert F and Küpper J COVID-19 and the endothelium, Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation, 10.3233/CH-209007, 75:1, (7-11)

Zeshan H, Muhammad A, Sahrish K, Haroon Z and Tayyaba R (2020) A Comprehensive review on genomic diversity and epidemiology of COVID-19, International Journal of Clinical Virology, 10.29328/journal.ijcv.1001021, 4:1, (081-095), Online publication date: 22-Jul-2020.

Koliaki C, Tentolouris A, Eleftheriadou I, Melidonis A, Dimitriadis G and Tentolouris N (2020) Clinical Management of Diabetes Mellitus in the Era of COVID-19: Practical Issues, Peculiarities and Concerns, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9072288, 9:7, (2288)

Zamai L (2020) The Yin and Yang of ACE/ACE2 Pathways: The Rationale for the Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19 Patients, Cells, 10.3390/cells9071704, 9:7, (1704)

Sandooja R, Vura N and Morocco M (2020) Heightened ACE Activity and Unfavorable Consequences in COVID-19 Diabetic Subjects, International Journal of Endocrinology, 10.1155/2020/7847526, 2020, (1-5), Online publication date: 16-Jul-2020.

Jeong G, Song H, Yoon G, Kim D and Kwon Y (2020) Therapeutic Strategies Against COVID-19 and Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2: A Review, Frontiers in Microbiology, 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01723, 11

Fosbøl E, Butt J, Østergaard L, Andersson C, Selmer C, Kragholm K, Schou M, Phelps M, Gislason G, Gerds T, Torp-Pedersen C and Køber L (2020) Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use With COVID-19 Diagnosis and Mortality, JAMA, 10.1001/jama.2020.11301, 324:2, (168), Online publication date: 14-Jul-2020.

Павлова О (2020) Gender Features of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Light of the Pandemic COVID-19, Кардиология в Беларуси, 10.34883/PI.2020.12.3.008:3, (382-389), Online publication date: 13-Jul-2020.

Amraei R and Rahimi N (2020) COVID-19, Renin-Angiotensin System and Endothelial Dysfunction, Cells, 10.3390/cells9071652, 9:7, (1652)

Kalra R, Tomar D, Meena A and Kandimalla R (2020) SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings, Pathogens, 10.3390/pathogens9070546, 9:7, (546)

Oussalah A, Gleye S, Clerc Urmes I, Laugel E, Callet J, Barbé F, Orlowski S, Malaplate C, Aimone-Gastin I, Caillierez B, Merten M, Jeannesson E, Kormann R, Olivier J, Rodriguez-Guéant R, Namour F, Bevilacqua S, Losser M, Levy B, Kimmoun A, Gibot S, Thilly N, Frimat L, Schvoerer E and Guéant J (2020) Long-term ACE Inhibitor/ARB Use Is Associated With Severe Renal Dysfunction and Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Severe COVID-19: Results From a Referral Center Cohort in the Northeast of France, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10.1093/cid/ciaa677

Michaud V, Deodhar M, Arwood M, Al Rihani S, Dow P and Turgeon J (2020) ACE2 as a Therapeutic Target for COVID-19; Its Role in Infectious Processes and Regulation by Modulators of the RAAS System, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9072096, 9:7, (2096)

Saldanha-Araujo F, Melgaço Garcez E, Silva-Carvalho A and Carvalho J (2020) Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A New Piece in the Puzzle of COVID-19 Treatment, Frontiers in Immunology, 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01563, 11

Drapkina O and Vasilyeva L (2020) Debatable points of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists in patients with COVID-19, Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention, 10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2580, 19:3, (2580)

Roomi S, Ullah W, Farooq S, Saeed R, Haq S and Ashfaq A (2020) Is therapeutic anticoagulation improving renal outcomes in COVID-19?, Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 10.1080/20009666.2020.1785995, 10:4, (306-309), Online publication date: 3-Jul-2020.

Jeffrey D (2020) The role of cardiac rehabilitation in aviation medicine, Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiology, 10.17352/2455-2976.000138, 7:2, (204-207), Online publication date: 2-Jul-2020.

Sturrock B, Milne K and Chevassut T (2020) The renin–angiotensin system – a therapeutic target in COVID-19?, Clinical Medicine, 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0146, 20:4, (e72-e75), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Rao S, Lau A and So H (2020) Exploring Diseases/Traits and Blood Proteins Causally Related to Expression of ACE2, the Putative Receptor of SARS-CoV-2: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Highlights Tentative Relevance of Diabetes-Related Traits, Diabetes Care, 10.2337/dc20-0643, 43:7, (1416-1426), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Ohadian Moghadam S (2020) A Review on Currently Available Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19, International Journal of General Medicine, 10.2147/IJGM.S263666, Volume 13, (443-467)

Sieńko J, Kotowski M, Bogacz A, Lechowicz K, Drożdżal S, Rosik J, Sietnicki M, Sieńko M and Kotfis K (2020) COVID-19: The Influence of ACE Genotype and ACE-I and ARBs on the Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Elderly Patients, Clinical Interventions in Aging, 10.2147/CIA.S261516, Volume 15, (1231-1240)

Sinha S, Cheng K, Schäffer A, Aldape K, Schiff E and Ruppin E (2020) In vitro and in vivo identification of clinically approved drugs that modify ACE 2 expression , Molecular Systems Biology, 10.15252/msb.20209628, 16:7, Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Ingraham N, Barakat A, Reilkoff R, Bezdicek T, Schacker T, Chipman J, Tignanelli C and Puskarich M (2020) Understanding the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone–SARS-CoV axis: a comprehensive review, European Respiratory Journal, 10.1183/13993003.00912-2020, 56:1, (2000912), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

St. John M and Barry A (2020) COVID-19 and the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 10.1177/1715163520929373, 153:4, (193-197), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Sankrityayan H, Kale A, Sharma N, Anders H and Gaikwad A (2020) Evidence for Use or Disuse of Renin–Angiotensin System Modulators in Patients Having COVID-19 With an Underlying Cardiorenal Disorder, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10.1177/1074248420921720, 25:4, (299-306), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

South A, Brady T and Flynn J (2020) ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2), COVID-19, and ACE Inhibitor and Ang II (Angiotensin II) Receptor Blocker Use During the Pandemic, Hypertension, 76:1, (16-22), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Wang K, Basu R, Poglitsch M, Bakal J and Oudit G (2020) Elevated Angiotensin 1–7/Angiotensin II Ratio Predicts Favorable Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure, Circulation: Heart Failure, 13:7, Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Mori J, Oudit G and Lopaschuk G (2020) SARS-CoV-2 perturbs the renin-angiotensin system and energy metabolism, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10.1152/ajpendo.00219.2020, 319:1, (E43-E47), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Sablerolles R, Hogenhuis F, Lafeber M, van de Loo B, Borgsteede S, Boersma E, Versmissen J and van der Kuy H (2020) COvid MEdicaTion (COMET) study: protocol for a cohort study, European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002329, 27:4, (191-193), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Kario K, Morisawa Y, Sukonthasarn A, Turana Y, Chia Y, Park S, Wang T, Chen C, Tay J, Li Y and Wang J (2020) COVID‐19 and hypertension—evidence and practical management: Guidance from the HOPE Asia Network, The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 10.1111/jch.13917, 22:7, (1109-1119), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Wong S, Brubaker A, Wang A, Taiwo A and Melcher M (2020) What solid organ transplant healthcare providers should know about renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors and COVID‐19, Clinical Transplantation, 10.1111/ctr.13991, 34:7, Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Shekhar S, Wurth R, Kamilaris C, Eisenhofer G, Barrera F, Hajdenberg M, Tonleu J, Hall J, Schiffrin E, Porter F, Stratakis C and Hannah-Shmouni F (2020) Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19, Hormone and Metabolic Research, 10.1055/a-1172-1352, 52:07, (471-484), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Kai H and Kai M (2020) Interactions of coronaviruses with ACE2, angiotensin II, and RAS inhibitors—lessons from available evidence and insights into COVID-19, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/s41440-020-0455-8, 43:7, (648-654), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Groß S, Jahn C, Cushman S, Bär C and Thum T (2020) SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2-dependent implications on the cardiovascular system: From basic science to clinical implications, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.031, 144, (47-53), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Dhawan R, Gundry R, Brett-Major D, Mahr C, Thiele G, Lindsey M and Anderson D (2020) COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: What we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.026, 144, (12-14), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Alexandre J, Cracowski J, Richard V and Bouhanick B (2020) Drugs acting on renin angiotensin system and use in ill patients with COVID-19, Therapies, 10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.009, 75:4, (319-325), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Perrotta F, Matera M, Cazzola M and Bianco A (2020) Severe respiratory SARS-CoV2 infection: Does ACE2 receptor matter?, Respiratory Medicine, 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105996, 168, (105996), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Li Y, Zhou W, Yang L and You R (2020) Physiological and pathological regulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104833, 157, (104833), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Roncati L, Gallo G, Manenti A and Palmieri B (2020) Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2, Medical Hypotheses, 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109686, 140, (109686), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Bos J, Hebl V, Oberg A, Sun Z, Herman D, Teekakirikul P, Seidman J, Seidman C, dos Remedios C, Maleszewski J, Schaff H, Dearani J, Noseworthy P, Friedman P, Ommen S, Brozovich F and Ackerman M (2020) Marked Up-Regulation of ACE2 in Hearts of Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Implications for SARS-CoV-2–Mediated COVID-19, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.04.028, 95:7, (1354-1368), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Román G, Spencer P, Reis J, Buguet A, Faris M, Katrak S, Láinez M, Medina M, Meshram C, Mizusawa H, Öztürk S and Wasay M (2020) The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116884, 414, (116884), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Liu X, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Wu X, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Tan W, Yuan M, Ding X, Zou J, Li R, Liu H, Ewing R, Hu Y, Nie H and Wang Y (2020) Risk factors associated with disease severity and length of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients, Journal of Infection, 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.008, 81:1, (e95-e97), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Amat-Santos I, Santos-Martinez S, López-Otero D, Nombela-Franco L, Gutiérrez-Ibanes E, Del Valle R, Muñoz-García E, Jiménez-Diaz V, Regueiro A, González-Ferreiro R, Benito T, Sanmartin-Pena X, Catalá P, Rodríguez-Gabella T, Delgado-Arana J, Carrasco-Moraleja M, Ibañez B and San Román J (2020) Ramipril in High-Risk Patients With COVID-19, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.040, 76:3, (268-276), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Lee K, Sewa D and Phua G (2020) Potential role of statins in COVID-19, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.115, 96, (615-617), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Shete A (2020) Urgent need for evaluating agonists of angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis for treating patients with COVID-19, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.002, 96, (348-351), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Dhakal B, Sweitzer N, Indik J, Acharya D and William P (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cardiovascular Disease: COVID-19 Heart, Heart, Lung and Circulation, 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.101, 29:7, (973-987), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Singh A, Gupta R and Misra A (2020) Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.016, 14:4, (283-287), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

D’Amico F, Baumgart D, Danese S and Peyrin-Biroulet L (2020) Diarrhea During COVID-19 Infection: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Management, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.04.001, 18:8, (1663-1672), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Geng Y, Wei Z, Qian H, Huang J, Lodato R and Castriotta R (2020) Pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches for pulmonary injury and cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019, Cardiovascular Pathology, 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107228, 47, (107228), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Zhao M, Wang M, Zhang J, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang Z, Ye D, Liu J and Wan J (2020) Advances in the relationship between coronavirus infection and cardiovascular diseases, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110230, 127, (110230), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Alifano M, Alifano P, Forgez P and Iannelli A (2020) Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic, Biochimie, 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.008, 174, (30-33), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Zhang J, Xie B and Hashimoto K (2020) Current status of potential therapeutic candidates for the COVID-19 crisis, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.046, 87, (59-73), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Bian J, Zhao R, Zhai S and Li Z (2020) Letter to the editor: Anti-RAS drugs and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.013, 10:7, (1251-1252), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

McGonagle D, O'Donnell J, Sharif K, Emery P and Bridgewood C (2020) Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia, The Lancet Rheumatology, 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30121-1, 2:7, (e437-e445), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Bahat G (2020) COVID-19 and the Renin Angiotensin System: Implications for the Older Adults, The Journal of nutrition, health and aging, 10.1007/s12603-020-1403-7, 24:7, (699-704), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Cohen J, Hanff T, Bress A and South A (2020) Relationship Between ACE2 and Other Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-020-01048-y, 22:7, Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Zolk O, Hafner S and Schmidt C (2020) COVID-19 pandemic and therapy with ibuprofen or renin-angiotensin system blockers: no need for interruptions or changes in ongoing chronic treatments, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 10.1007/s00210-020-01890-6, 393:7, (1131-1135), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Gabarre P, Dumas G, Dupont T, Darmon M, Azoulay E and Zafrani L (2020) Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19, Intensive Care Medicine, 10.1007/s00134-020-06153-9, 46:7, (1339-1348), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Cheng H, Wang Y and Wang G (2020) Organ‐protective effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID‐19, Journal of Medical Virology, 10.1002/jmv.25785, 92:7, (726-730), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang H and Deng A (2020) Association of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors With Severity or Risk of Death in Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection in Wuhan, China, JAMA Cardiology, 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1624, 5:7, (825), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Bavishi C, Maddox T and Messerli F (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection and Renin Angiotensin System Blockers, JAMA Cardiology, 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1282, 5:7, (745), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020.

Lim S, Shin S, Nam G, Jung C and Koo B (2020) Proper Management of People with Obesity during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, 10.7570/jomes20056, 29:2, (84-98), Online publication date: 30-Jun-2020.

Tan C, Yeoh S and Long C (2020) COVID-19: Critical Role of Angiotensin 1-7 in ACE2 Modulation, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 10.47102/Annals-acadmedsg.202085, 49:6, (398-400), Online publication date: 30-Jun-2020.

Wyganowska-Swiatkowska M, Nohawica M, Grocholewicz K and Nowak G (2020) Influence of Herbal Medicines on HMGB1 Release, SARS-CoV-2 Viral Attachment, Acute Respiratory Failure, and Sepsis. A Literature Review, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms21134639, 21:13, (4639)

Ritt L, Viana M, Feitosa G, Oliveira A, Souza F and Darzé E (2020)(2020)(2020)(2020) COVID-19 e Eventos Coronários Agudos – Danos Colaterais. Um Relato de Caso, Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 10.36660/abc.20200329, 114:6, (1072-1075), Online publication date: 29-Jun-2020., Online publication date: 29-Jun-2020., Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020., Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Chenna A, Konala V, Bose S, Roy S, Madhira B, Gayam V, Naramala S and Adapa S (2020) Acute Kidney Injury in a Case Series of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade, Case Reports in Nephrology, 10.1155/2020/8811931, 2020, (1-8), Online publication date: 29-Jun-2020.

Fisun A, Cherkashin D, Tyrenko V, Zhdanov C and Kozlov C (2020) Role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the interaction with coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and in the development of strategies for prevention and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"), 10.18705/1607-419X-2020-26-3-248-262, 26:3, (248-262)

Zagidullin N, Gareeva D, Ishmetov V, Pavlov A, Plotnikova M, Pushkareva A and Pavlov V (2020) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in new coronavirus infection 2019, "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"), 10.18705/1607-419X-2020-26-3-240-247, 26:3, (240-247)

Bravi F, Flacco M, Carradori T, Volta C, Cosenza G, De Togni A, Acuti Martellucci C, Parruti G, Mantovani L, Manzoli L and Shimosawa T (2020) Predictors of severe or lethal COVID-19, including Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, in a sample of infected Italian citizens, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0235248, 15:6, (e0235248)

Choi M, Ahn H, Ryu H, Kim B, Jang J, Jung M, Kim J and Jeong S (2020) Clinical Characteristics and Disease Progression in Early-Stage COVID-19 Patients in South Korea, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9061959, 9:6, (1959)

Russo V, Bottino R, Carbone A, Rago A, Papa A, Golino P and Nigro G (2020) COVID-19 and Heart: From Clinical Features to Pharmacological Implications, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9061944, 9:6, (1944)

Veselý J (2020) (Treatment with ACE inhibitors and AT1-blockers during the COVID-19 pandemic), Cor et Vasa, 10.33678/cor.2020.047, 62:Suppl.1, (27-32), Online publication date: 22-Jun-2020.

Reynolds H, Adhikari S, Pulgarin C, Troxel A, Iturrate E, Johnson S, Hausvater A, Newman J, Berger J, Bangalore S, Katz S, Fishman G, Kunichoff D, Chen Y, Ogedegbe G and Hochman J (2020) Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 10.1056/NEJMoa2008975, 382:25, (2441-2448), Online publication date: 18-Jun-2020.

Mehra M, Desai S, Kuy S, Henry T and Patel A (2020) Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621, 382:25, (e102), Online publication date: 18-Jun-2020.

Mancia G, Rea F, Ludergnani M, Apolone G and Corrao G (2020) Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Blockers and the Risk of Covid-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 10.1056/NEJMoa2006923, 382:25, (2431-2440), Online publication date: 18-Jun-2020.

Bhaskar S, Rastogi A, Chattu V, Adisesh A, Thomas P, Alvarado N, Riahi A, Varun C, Pai A, Barsam S and Walker A (2020) Key Strategies for Clinical Management and Improvement of Healthcare Services for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Patients in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Settings: Recommendations From the REPROGRAM Consortium, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00112, 7

Mosleh W, Chen K, Pfau S and Vashist A (2020) Endotheliitis and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19: Its Role in Thrombosis and Adverse Outcomes, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9061862, 9:6, (1862)

Wang X, Xiao H, Xu Y and Wang C (2020) Recommendations for Individualized Rehabilitation of Syncope in Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Epidemic, Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences, 10.37871/jels1115, 1:2, (021-023), Online publication date: 12-Jun-2020.

(2020) Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 10.1056/NEJMc2013707, 382:24, (e92), Online publication date: 11-Jun-2020.

Balasubramanyam M (2020) COVID-19: Is it time to revisit the research on calcium channel drug targets?, EMJ Diabetes, 10.33590/emjdiabet/200608

Gao C, Cai Y, Zhang K, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Li W, Yang S, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Wang H, Liu Y, Yin Z, Zhang R, Wang R, Yang M, Hui C, Wijns W, McEvoy J, Soliman O, Onuma Y, Serruys P, Tao L and Li F (2020) Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa433, 41:22, (2058-2066), Online publication date: 7-Jun-2020.

Murthy V, Koupenova M and Shah R (2020) ACEing COVID-19, Circulation Research, 126:12, (1682-1684), Online publication date: 5-Jun-2020.

Zhang P, Zhu L, Cai J, Lei F, Qin J, Xie J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Huang X, Lin L, Xia M, Chen M, Cheng X, Zhang X, Guo D, Peng Y, Ji Y, Chen J, She Z, Wang Y, Xu Q, Tan R, Wang H, Lin J, Luo P, Fu S, Cai H, Ye P, Xiao B, Mao W, Liu L, Yan Y, Liu M, Chen M, Zhang X, Wang X, Touyz R, Xia J, Zhang B, Huang X, Yuan Y, Loomba R, Liu P and Li H (2020) Association of Inpatient Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Mortality Among Patients With Hypertension Hospitalized With COVID-19, Circulation Research, 126:12, (1671-1681), Online publication date: 5-Jun-2020.

Connors J and Levy J (2020) COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation, Blood, 10.1182/blood.2020006000, 135:23, (2033-2040), Online publication date: 4-Jun-2020.

Wehbe Z, Hammoud S, Soudani N, Zaraket H, El-Yazbi A and Eid A (2020) Molecular Insights Into SARS COV-2 Interaction With Cardiovascular Disease: Role of RAAS and MAPK Signaling, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2020.00836, 11

Feng Y, Ling Y, Bai T, Xie Y, Huang J, Li J, Xiong W, Yang D, Chen R, Lu F, Lu Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Li X, Li Y, Summah H, Lin H, Yan J, Zhou M, Lu H and Qu J (2020) COVID-19 with Different Severities: A Multicenter Study of Clinical Features, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 10.1164/rccm.202002-0445OC, 201:11, (1380-1388), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Danser A, Epstein M and Batlle D (2020) Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Hypertension, 75:6, (1382-1385), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Wang B (2020) Susceptibility and prognosis of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease, Open Heart, 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001310, 7:1, (e001310), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Liu D, Li Y and Wu H (2020) Could renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors be used for hypertensive patients with coronavirus disease 2019?, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002474, 38:6, (1191-1192), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Versmissen J, Verdonk K, Lafeber M, van den Akker J, Hunfeld N, Hoorn E and Danser A (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: good or bad?, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002472, 38:6, (1196-1197), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Verdecchia P, Angeli F and Reboldi G (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers and coronavirus, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002469, 38:6, (1190-1191), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Greenland J, Michelow M, Wang L and London M (2020) COVID-19 Infection, Anesthesiology, 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003303, 132:6, (1346-1361), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Essig M, Matt M and Massy Z (2020) The COVID-19 outbreak and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: too little or too much?, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 10.1093/ndt/gfaa113, 35:6, (1073-1075), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Murray E, Tomaszewski M and Guzik T (2020) Binding of SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: clinical implications, Cardiovascular Research, 10.1093/cvr/cvaa096, 116:7, (e87-e89), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

South A, Tomlinson L, Edmonston D, Hiremath S and Sparks M (2020) Controversies of renin–angiotensin system inhibition during the COVID-19 pandemic, Nature Reviews Nephrology, 10.1038/s41581-020-0279-4, 16:6, (305-307), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Ferrario C, Ahmad S and Groban L (2020) Mechanisms by which angiotensin-receptor blockers increase ACE2 levels, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 10.1038/s41569-020-0387-7, 17:6, (378-378), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Li G, Hu R and Zhang X (2020) Antihypertensive treatment with ACEI/ARB of patients with COVID-19 complicated by hypertension, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/s41440-020-0433-1, 43:6, (588-590), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Li M, Dong Y, Wang H, Guo W, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Tian C, Du K, Zhu R, Wang L, Zhao L, Fan H, Luo S and Hu D (2020) Cardiovascular disease potentially contributes to the progression and poor prognosis of COVID-19, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.013, 30:7, (1061-1067), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Li G, Hu R and Gu X (2020) A close-up on COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.001, 30:7, (1057-1060), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Sanchis-Gomar F, Lavie C, Perez-Quilis C, Henry B and Lippi G (2020) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Antihypertensives (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors) in Coronavirus Disease 2019, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.03.026, 95:6, (1222-1230), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Mehra M and Ruschitzka F (2020) COVID-19 Illness and Heart Failure, JACC: Heart Failure, 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.03.004, 8:6, (512-514), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A and Angeli F (2020) The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection, European Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.037, 76, (14-20), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Cristelo C, Azevedo C, Marques J, Nunes R and Sarmento B (2020) SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes: New challenges for the disease, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108228, 164, (108228), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Dariya B and Nagaraju G (2020) Understanding novel COVID-19: Its impact on organ failure and risk assessment for diabetic and cancer patients, Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.001, 53, (43-52), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Liu M, Zheng B, Zhang Y and Li J (2020) Role and mechanism of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in acute lung injury in coronavirus disease 2019, Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine, 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.05.003, 6:2, (98-105), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Alexandre J, Cracowski J, Richard V and Bouhanick B (2020) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and COVID-19 infection, Annales d'Endocrinologie, 10.1016/j.ando.2020.04.005, 81:2-3, (63-67), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Wu R, Wang L, Kuo H, Shannar A, Peter R, Chou P, Li S, Hudlikar R, Liu X, Liu Z, Poiani G, Amorosa L, Brunetti L and Kong A (2020) An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19, Current Pharmacology Reports, 10.1007/s40495-020-00216-7, 6:3, (56-70), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Trifirò G, Crisafulli S, Andò G, Racagni G and Drago F (2020) Should Patients Receiving ACE Inhibitors or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers be Switched to Other Antihypertensive Drugs to Prevent or Improve Prognosis of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?, Drug Safety, 10.1007/s40264-020-00935-2, 43:6, (507-509), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Kow C, Zaidi S and Hasan S (2020) Cardiovascular Disease and Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in COVID-19, American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs, 10.1007/s40256-020-00406-0, 20:3, (217-221), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Asokan I, Rabadia S and Yang E (2020) The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Cardio-Oncology Population, Current Oncology Reports, 10.1007/s11912-020-00945-4, 22:6, Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Li S, Tang Z, Li Z and Liu X (2020) Searching therapeutic strategy of new coronavirus pneumonia from angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: the target of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 10.1007/s10096-020-03883-y, 39:6, (1021-1026), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Kessler T and Schunkert H (2020) Inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection Inhibitoren des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems und SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, Herz, 10.1007/s00059-020-04920-4, 45:4, (323-324), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Zhang Y, Coats A, Zheng Z, Adamo M, Ambrosio G, Anker S, Butler J, Xu D, Mao J, Khan M, Bai L, Mebazaa A, Ponikowski P, Tang Q, Ruschitzka F, Seferovic P, Tschöpe C, Zhang S, Gao C, Zhou S, Senni M, Zhang J and Metra M (2020) Management of heart failure patients with COVID ‐19: a joint position paper of the Chinese Heart Failure Association & National Heart Failure Committee and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology , European Journal of Heart Failure, 10.1002/ejhf.1915, 22:6, (941-956), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Tomasoni D, Italia L, Adamo M, Inciardi R, Lombardi C, Solomon S and Metra M (2020) COVID‐ 19 and heart failure: from infection to inflammation and angiotensin II stimulation. Searching for evidence from a new disease , European Journal of Heart Failure, 10.1002/ejhf.1871, 22:6, (957-966), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020.

Levitova D, Gracheva S, Samoylov A, Udalov U, Praskurnichiy E and Parinov O (2020) Drug Safety Issues in Therapy COVID-19, The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine, 10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-3-165-187, 10:3, (165-187)

Mueller A, McNamara M and Sinclair D (2020) Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?, Aging, 10.18632/aging.103344, 12:10, (9959-9981), Online publication date: 29-May-2020.

Venkatakrishnan A, Puranik A, Anand A, Zemmour D, Yao X, Wu X, Chilaka R, Murakowski D, Standish K, Raghunathan B, Wagner T, Garcia-Rivera E, Solomon H, Garg A, Barve R, Anyanwu-Ofili A, Khan N and Soundararajan V (2020) Knowledge synthesis of 100 million biomedical documents augments the deep expression profiling of coronavirus receptors, eLife, 10.7554/eLife.58040, 9

Richardson S, Hirsch J, Narasimhan M, Crawford J, McGinn T, Davidson K, Barnaby D, Becker L, Chelico J, Cohen S, Cookingham J, Coppa K, Diefenbach M, Dominello A, Duer-Hefele J, Falzon L, Gitlin J, Hajizadeh N, Harvin T, Hirschwerk D, Kim E, Kozel Z, Marrast L, Mogavero J, Osorio G, Qiu M and Zanos T (2020) Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area, JAMA, 10.1001/jama.2020.6775, 323:20, (2052), Online publication date: 26-May-2020.

Lumbers E, Delforce S, Pringle K and Smith G (2020) The Lung, the Heart, the Novel Coronavirus, and the Renin-Angiotensin System; The Need for Clinical Trials, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2020.00248, 7

Clerkin K, Fried J, Raikhelkar J, Sayer G, Griffin J, Masoumi A, Jain S, Burkhoff D, Kumaraiah D, Rabbani L, Schwartz A and Uriel N (2020) COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease, Circulation, 141:20, (1648-1655), Online publication date: 19-May-2020.

Speth R (2020) Keep taking your ACE inhibitors and ARBs during the COVID 19 pandemic, Journal of Travel Medicine, 10.1093/jtm/taaa045, 27:3, Online publication date: 18-May-2020.

Diaz J (2020) Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19, Journal of Travel Medicine, 10.1093/jtm/taaa041, 27:3, Online publication date: 18-May-2020.

Thum T (2020) SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression in the human heart: cause of a post-pandemic wave of heart failure?, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa410, 41:19, (1807-1809), Online publication date: 14-May-2020.

Sama I, Ravera A, Santema B, van Goor H, ter Maaten J, Cleland J, Rienstra M, Friedrich A, Samani N, Ng L, Dickstein K, Lang C, Filippatos G, Anker S, Ponikowski P, Metra M, van Veldhuisen D and Voors A (2020) Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa373, 41:19, (1810-1817), Online publication date: 14-May-2020.

Kuster G, Pfister O, Burkard T, Zhou Q, Twerenbold R, Haaf P, Widmer A and Osswald S (2020) SARS-CoV2: should inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin system be withdrawn in patients with COVID-19?, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa235, 41:19, (1801-1803), Online publication date: 14-May-2020.

Sardu C, Gambardella J, Morelli M, Wang X, Marfella R and Santulli G (2020) Hypertension, Thrombosis, Kidney Failure, and Diabetes: Is COVID-19 an Endothelial Disease? A Comprehensive Evaluation of Clinical and Basic Evidence, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9051417, 9:5, (1417)

Konradi A and Nedoshivin A (2020) Angiotensin II and COVID-19. Secrets of interactions, Russian Journal of Cardiology, 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3861, 25:4, (3861)

Matsushita K, Marchandot B, Jesel L, Ohlmann P and Morel O (2020) Impact of COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review, Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.3390/jcm9051407, 9:5, (1407)

Liu M, Wang T, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y and Li J (2020) Potential role of ACE2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and management, Journal of Translational Internal Medicine, 10.2478/jtim-2020-0003, 8:1, (9-19), Online publication date: 9-May-2020., Online publication date: 1-Mar-2020.

Gheblawi M, Wang K, Viveiros A, Nguyen Q, Zhong J, Turner A, Raizada M, Grant M and Oudit G (2020) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System, Circulation Research, 126:10, (1456-1474), Online publication date: 8-May-2020.

Sparks M, South A, Welling P, Luther J, Cohen J, Byrd J, Burrell L, Batlle D, Tomlinson L, Bhalla V, Rheault M, Soler M, Swaminathan S and Hiremath S (2020) Sound Science before Quick Judgement Regarding RAS Blockade in COVID-19, Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10.2215/CJN.03530320, 15:5, (714-716), Online publication date: 7-May-2020.

Korostovtseva L, Rotar O and Konradi A (2020) COVID-19: what are the risks in hypertensive patients?, "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"), 10.18705/1607-419X-2020-26-2-124-132, 26:2, (124-132)

Mareev Y and Mareev V (2020) Role of age, comorbidity and renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19. Effects of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, Kardiologiia, 10.18087/cardio.2020.4.n1122, 60:4, (4-9)

Oparil S Hypertension in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Issues and Enduring Controversies, Nephrology Self-Assessment Program, 10.1681/nsap.2020.19.1.1, 19:1, (1-7)

South A, Diz D and Chappell M (2020) COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2020, 318:5, (H1084-H1090), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Abassi Z, Assady S, Khoury E and Heyman S (2020) Letter to the Editor: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: an ally or a Trojan horse? Implications to SARS-CoV-2-related cardiovascular complications, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00215.2020, 318:5, (H1080-H1083), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Muniyappa R and Gubbi S (2020) COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10.1152/ajpendo.00124.2020, 318:5, (E736-E741), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Esler M and Esler D (2020) Can angiotensin receptor-blocking drugs perhaps be harmful in the COVID-19 pandemic?, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002450, 38:5, (781-782), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Zheng Y, Ma Y, Zhang J and Xie X (2020) Reply to: ‘Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19’, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 10.1038/s41569-020-0369-9, 17:5, (313-314), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Mourad J and Levy B (2020) Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 10.1038/s41569-020-0368-x, 17:5, (313-313), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

González-Rayas J, Rayas-Gómez A, García-González J, González-Yáñez J, Hernández-Hernández J and López-Sánchez R (2020) COVID-19 and ACE -inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers-: The need to differentiate between early infection and acute lung injury, Revista Colombiana de Cardiología, 10.1016/j.rccar.2020.04.005, 27:3, (129-131), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Figueroa Triana J, Salas Márquez D, Cabrera Silva J, Alvarado Castro C and Buitrago Sandoval A (2020) COVID-19 y enfermedad cardiovascular, Revista Colombiana de Cardiología, 10.1016/j.rccar.2020.04.004, 27:3, (166-174), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Lamas-Barreiro J, Alonso-Suárez M, Fernández-Martín J and Saavedra-Alonso J (2020) Angiotensin II suppression in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a therapeutic approach, Nefrología (English Edition), 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.06.014, 40:3, (213-216), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Lamas-Barreiro J, Alonso-Suárez M, Fernández-Martín J and Saavedra-Alonso J (2020) Supresión de angiotensina II en la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2: una propuesta terapéutica, Nefrología, 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.04.006, 40:3, (213-216), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Driggin E, Madhavan M, Bikdeli B, Chuich T, Laracy J, Biondi-Zoccai G, Brown T, Der Nigoghossian C, Zidar D, Haythe J, Brodie D, Beckman J, Kirtane A, Stone G, Krumholz H and Parikh S (2020) Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031, 75:18, (2352-2371), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Bansal S, Agstam S, Gupta A, Gupta P and Isser H (2020) Continue ACE inhibitors / ARB’S till further evidence in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Indian Heart Journal, 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.04.007, 72:3, (212-213), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Ren Z, Hu R, Wang Z, Zhang M, Ruan Y, Wu Z, Wu H, Hu X, Hu Z, Ren W, Li L, Dai F, Liu H and Cai X (2020) Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of heart transplant recipients during the 2019 coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China: A descriptive survey report, The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, 10.1016/j.healun.2020.03.008, 39:5, (412-417), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Bansal M (2020) Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.013, 14:3, (247-250), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Bozkurt B, Kovacs R and Harrington B (2020) Joint HFSA/ACC/AHA Statement Addresses Concerns Re: Using RAAS Antagonists in COVID-19, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 10.1016/j.cardfail.2020.04.013, 26:5, (370), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Lo K, McCullough P and Rangaswami J (2020) Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19?, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30156-9, 8:5, (e29), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

de Abajo F, Rodríguez-Martín S, Lerma V, Mejía-Abril G, Aguilar M, García-Luque A, Laredo L, Laosa O, Centeno-Soto G, Ángeles Gálvez M, Puerro M, González-Rojano E, Pedraza L, de Pablo I, Abad-Santos F, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Gil M, Tobías A, Rodríguez-Miguel A, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Barreira-Hernandez D, Zubiaur P, Santos-Molina E, Pintos-Sánchez E, Navares-Gómez M, Aparicio R, García-Rosado V, Gutiérrez-Ortega C, Pérez C, Ascaso A and Elvira C (2020) Use of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital: a case-population study, The Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31030-8, 395:10238, (1705-1714), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Varga Z, Flammer A, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel A, Mehra M, Schuepbach R, Ruschitzka F and Moch H (2020) Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19, The Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30937-5, 395:10234, (1417-1418), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Li H, Liu L, Zhang D, Xu J, Dai H, Tang N, Su X and Cao B (2020) SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses, The Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30920-X, 395:10235, (1517-1520), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Cheng P, Zhu H, Witteles R, Wu J, Quertermous T, Wu S and Rhee J (2020) Cardiovascular Risks in Patients with COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms and Areas of Uncertainty, Current Cardiology Reports, 10.1007/s11886-020-01293-2, 22:5, Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Rico-Mesa J, White A and Anderson A (2020) Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 Infection Taking ACEI/ARB, Current Cardiology Reports, 10.1007/s11886-020-01291-4, 22:5, Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Stringer K, Puskarich M, Kenes M and Dickson R (2020) COVID‐19: The Uninvited Guest in the Intensive Care Unit — Implications for Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 10.1002/phar.2394, 40:5, (382-386), Online publication date: 1-May-2020.

Marin G (2020) Facts and reflections on COVID-19 and anti-hypertensives drugs, Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 10.5582/ddt.2020.01017, 14:2, (105-106), Online publication date: 30-Apr-2020.

Wang L, Zhang Y and Zhang S (2020) Cardiovascular Impairment in COVID-19: Learning From Current Options for Cardiovascular Anti-Inflammatory Therapy, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00078, 7

Schiffrin E, Flack J, Ito S, Muntner P and Webb R (2020) Hypertension and COVID-19, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1093/ajh/hpaa057, 33:5, (373-374), Online publication date: 29-Apr-2020.

Zores F and Rebeaud M (2020) COVID and the Renin-Angiotensin System: Are Hypertension or Its Treatments Deleterious?, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00071, 7

Vaduganathan M, Vardeny O, Michel T, McMurray J, Pfeffer M and Solomon S (2020) Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19, New England Journal of Medicine, 10.1056/NEJMsr2005760, 382:17, (1653-1659), Online publication date: 23-Apr-2020.

Sommerstein R, Kochen M, Messerli F and Gräni C (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19): Do Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Have a Biphasic Effect?, Journal of the American Heart Association, 9:7, Online publication date: 9-Apr-2020.

Guo J, Huang Z, Lin L and Lv J (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and Cardiovascular Disease: A Viewpoint on the Potential Influence of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Onset and Severity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Journal of the American Heart Association, 9:7, Online publication date: 9-Apr-2020.

Aronson J and Ferner R (2020) Drugs and the renin-angiotensin system in covid-19, BMJ, 10.1136/bmj.m1313, (m1313)

Manga P (2020) Should ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Be Withdrawn in the Current Setting of COVID-19 Infection?, Wits Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nSIa4, 2:SI

Faconti L, Chowienczyk P and Shah A (2020) Cardiovascular disease, heart failure and COVID-19, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1177/1470320320926903, 21:2, (147032032092690), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020.

Mitra P, Suri S, Goyal T, Misra R, Singh K, Garg M, Misra S and Sharma P (2020) Association of Comorbidities with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review, Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India), 10.1055/s-0040-1714159, 56:02, (102-111), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020.

Iaccarino G, Borghi C, Cicero A, Ferri C, Minuz P, Muiesan M, Mulatero P, Mulè G, Pucci G, Salvetti M, Savoia C, Sechi L, Volpe M and Grassi G (2020) Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Cardiovascular Patients at the Time of COVID19: Much Ado for Nothing? A Statement of Activity from the Directors of the Board and the Scientific Directors of the Italian Society of Hypertension, High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, 10.1007/s40292-020-00380-3, 27:2, (105-108), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020.

Yehya Y, Hussein A, Ezam K, Eid E, Ibrahim E, Sarhan M, Elsayed A and Sarhan M Blockade of Renin Angiotensin System Ameliorates the Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sympathetic Neural Remodeling in Hearts of Type 2 DM Rat Model, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, 10.2174/1871530319666190809150921, 20:3, (464-478)

YILMAZ S, ELALDI N and ERTIN H (2020) An ongoing debate: Are the patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers more susceptible to COVID-19 ?Süregelen Bir Tartışma: Anjiotensin-Konverting Enzim İnhibitörü ve/veya Anjiotensin Reseptör Blokörü Kullanan Hastaların COVID-19’a Karşı Duyarlılığı Daha Fazla mıdır?, Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 10.21673/anadoluklin.716125, 25:Special Issue on COVID 19, (79-84)

Li T, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Chen Z, Cheng H, Ahmad S, Ferrario C and Cheng C (2020) Reversal of angiotensin-(1–12)-caused positive modulation on left ventricular contractile performance in heart failure: Assessment by pressure-volume analysis, International Journal of Cardiology, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.004, 301, (135-141), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2020.

Peron J and Nakaya H (2020) Susceptibility of the Elderly to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: ACE-2 Overexpression, Shedding, and Antibody-dependent Enhancement (ADE), Clinics, 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1912, 75, (e1912), .

Lim J, Jung H, Choi J, Park S, Kim C, Kim Y and Cho J (2020) Hypertension and Electrolyte Disorders in Patients with COVID-19, Electrolytes & Blood Pressure, 10.5049/EBP.2020.18.2.23, 18:2, (23), .

Gupta N, Ish P and Agstam S (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blocker in coronavirus disease 2019: Safe and possibly beneficial, Lung India, 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_237_20, 37:4, (352), .

Kim I, Kim H, Park J and Nam C (2020) Updates of Cardiovascular Manifestations in COVID-19: Korean Experience to Broaden Worldwide Perspectives, Korean Circulation Journal, 10.4070/kcj.2020.0205, 50:7, (543)

Cho D, Yoo B, Son J, Kim I, Park S and Choi D (2020) COVID-19 — Implications for Patients with Heart Failure: The Korean Society of Heart Failure's Clinical Recommendations, International Journal of Heart Failure, 10.36628/ijhf.2020.0015, 2:2, (111)

Rentería-Arellano M, Torres-Cisneros and Ballesteros Loyo H (2020) Manejo perioperatorio del paciente con sospecha o confirmación de infección por COVID-19, Cirujano General, 10.35366/95374, 42:2, (138-148), .

Díaz-Barreiro L, Cossio-Aranda J, Verdejo-Paris J, Odín-De los Ríos M, Galván-Oseguera H, Álvarez-López H and Alcocer-Gamba M (2020) COVID-19 y el sistema renina, angiotensina, aldosterona. Una relación compleja, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Science, 10.35366/93945, 31:S3, (182-189), .

Buendía-Hernández A, Alcocer-Gamba M and Sierra-Fernández C (2020) La práctica de la cardiología ante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recomendaciones de la comunidad cardiológica mexicana, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Science, 10.35366/93942, 31:S3, (168-169), .

Nakanishi H, Suzuki M, Maeda H, Nakamura Y, Ikegami Y, Takenaka Y, Mori Y, Hasuo T and Hasegawa C (2020) Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19: Importance of Measuring Blood Lymphocytes, Serum Electrolytes, and Olfactory and Taste Functions, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 10.1620/tjem.252.109, 252:2, (109-119), .

Biembengut Í and de Souza T (2020) Coagulation modifiers targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro for COVID-19 treatment: an in silico approach, Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 10.1590/0074-02760200179, 115

Feng Z, Li J, Yao S, Yu Q, Zhou W, Mao X, Li H, Kang W, Ouyang X, Mei J, Zeng Q, Liu J, Ma X, Rong P and Wang W (2020) Clinical Factors Associated with Progression and Prolonged Viral Shedding in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Study, Aging and disease, 10.14336/AD.2020.0630, 11:5, (1069), .

He F, Quan Y, Lei M, Liu R, Qin S, Zeng J, Zhao Z, Yu N, Yang L and Cao J (2020) Clinical features and risk factors for ICU admission in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular diseases, Aging and disease, 10.14336/AD.2020.0622, 11:4, (763), .

Ugwueze C, Ezeokpo B, Nnolim B, Agim E, Anikpo N and Onyekachi K (2020) COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: The Link and Clinical Implications, Dubai Diabetes and Endocrinology Journal, 10.1159/000511354, 26:2, (69-77), .

Zahid U, Ramachandran P, Spitalewitz S, Alasadi L, Chakraborti A, Azhar M, Mikhalina G, Sherazi A, Narh J, Khattar P and Bedi P (2020) Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: An Inner City Hospital Experience and Policy Implications, American Journal of Nephrology, 10.1159/000511160, 51:10, (786-796), .

Goossens G, Dicker D, Farpour-Lambert N, Frühbeck G, Mullerova D, Woodward E and Holm J (2020) Obesity and COVID-19: A Perspective from the European Association for the Study of Obesity on Immunological Perturbations, Therapeutic Challenges, and Opportunities in Obesity, Obesity Facts, 10.1159/000510719, 13:4, (439-452), .

Perico L, Benigni A and Remuzzi G (2020) Should COVID-19 Concern Nephrologists? Why and to What Extent? The Emerging Impasse of Angiotensin Blockade, Nephron, 10.1159/000507305, 144:5, (213-221), .

Cezar-Junior A, Faquini I, Silva J, de Carvalho Junior E, Lemos L, Freire Filho J, de Lira Filho H, Pontes E, Almeida N and Azevedo-Filho H (2020) Subarachnoid hemorrhage and COVID-19, Medicine, 10.1097/MD.0000000000023862, 99:51, (e23862)

Deng J, Jiang Y, Guo Y and Li H (2020)(2020) Patients taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II type I receptor blockers: higher risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection but milder clinical manifestations?, Chinese Medical Journal, 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000996, 133:22, (2650-2652)

Pérez P, Fernández L, García-Cosio M and Delgado J (2020) Sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona y COVID19. Implicaciones clínicas, Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos, 10.1016/S1131-3587(20)30032-7, 20, (27-32), .

Der-Nigoghossian C, Ciolek A and Chuich T (2020) Therapeutic Approach to Coronavirus Disease Clinical Synopsis of COVID-19, 10.1007/978-981-15-8681-1_5, (67-97), .

Chintagunta A, Kumar M, Sampath Kumar N and Jeevan Kumar S (2020) Differential Diagnosis and Possible Therapeutics for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Diagnostic Strategies for COVID-19 and other Coronaviruses, 10.1007/978-981-15-6006-4_4, (51-71), .

Ding C, Luo L and Huang X (2020) Hypertension Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, 10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_1046-1, (1-11), .

Plech T (2020) The impact of ACE inhibitors on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and the course of COVID-19 disease, Polish Journal of Public Health, 10.2478/pjph-2019-0034, 129:4, (148-151), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2019., Online publication date: 1-Dec-2019.

White M, Miller A, Loloi J, Bingaman S, Shen B, Wang M, Silberman Y, Lindsey S and Arnold A (2019) Sex differences in metabolic effects of angiotensin-(1-7) treatment in obese mice, Biology of Sex Differences, 10.1186/s13293-019-0251-9, 10:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2019.

Awwad Z, El-Ganainy S, ElMallah A, Khattab M and El-Khatib A (2019) Telmisartan and captopril ameliorate pregabalin-induced heart failure in rats, Toxicology, 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152310, 428, (152310), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2019.

Ferrario C, VonCannon J, Ahmad S, Wright K, Roberts D, Wang H, Yamashita T, Groban L, Cheng C, Collawn J, Dell'Italia L and Varagic J (2019) Activation of the Human Angiotensin-(1-12)-Chymase Pathway in Rats With Human Angiotensinogen Gene Transcripts, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00163, 6

Kamal M, Ismail N, Satar N, Azis N, Radjeni Z, Mohammad Noor H, Kasim N and Singh H (2019) Standardized ethanol-water extract of Ficus deltoidea Angustifolia reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats , Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 10.1080/10641963.2018.1506467, 41:5, (444-451), Online publication date: 4-Jul-2019.

Zhang T, Tang N, Xi D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang L, Tang Y, Zhang X, Zhong H and He F (2019) Calcimimetic R568 improved cardiac remodeling by classic and novel renin-angiotensin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Experimental Biology and Medicine, 10.1177/1535370219854325, 244:10, (789-801), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2019.

Badae N, El Naggar A and El Sayed S (2019) Is the cardioprotective effect of the ACE2 activator diminazene aceturate more potent than the ACE inhibitor enalapril on acute myocardial infarction in rats?, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0078, 97:7, (638-646), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2019.

Reddy R, Asante I, Liu S, Parikh P, Liebler J, Borok Z, Rodgers K, Baydur A, Louie S and Casarini D (2019) Circulating angiotensin peptides levels in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome correlate with clinical outcomes: A pilot study, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0213096, 14:3, (e0213096)

Burghi V, Echeverría E, Sosa M, Quiroga D, Muñoz M, Davio C, Monczor F, Fernández N and Dominici F (2019) Participation of Gαi-Adenylate Cyclase and ERK1/2 in Mas Receptor Signaling Pathways, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10.3389/fphar.2019.00146, 10

Kuipers A, Moll G, Wagner E and Franklin R (2019) Efficacy of lanthionine-stabilized angiotensin-(1-7) in type I and type II diabetes mouse models, Peptides, 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.10.015, 112, (78-84), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2019.

Bach R (2019) Adjunctive Pharmacologic Therapies in Acute Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Intensive Care, 10.1016/B978-0-323-52993-8.00012-6, (117-138.e7), .

Ferrario C, Cheng C and Varagic J (2019) Angiotensin-(1-7) and the Heart Angiotensin-(1-7), 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_6, (83-104), .

Ferreira A, Castro C and Santos R (2019) Heart – Coronary Vessels and Cardiomyocytes Angiotensin-(1-7), 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_5, (73-81), .

Wang W, Song A, Zeng Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Lin Y and Luo W (2018) Telmisartan protects chronic intermittent hypoxic mice via modulating cardiac renin-angiotensin system activity, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 10.1186/s12872-018-0875-4, 18:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2018.

Hong L, Lai H, Fang Y, Tao Y and Qiu Y (2018) Silencing CTGF/CCN2 inactivates the MAPK signaling pathway to alleviate myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 10.1002/jcb.27268, 119:11, (9519-9531), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2018.

Sun R, Zhang W, Zhong H, Wang L, Tang N, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang T and He F (2018) Calcimimetic R568 reduced the blood pressure and improved aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting local renin‑angiotensin system activity, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10.3892/etm.2018.6734

Gironacci M, Vicario A, Cerezo G and Silva M (2018) The depressor axis of the renin–angiotensin system and brain disorders: a translational approach, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20180189, 132:10, (1021-1038), Online publication date: 31-May-2018.

Ahmad S, Sun X, Lin M, Varagic J, Zapata‐Sudo G, Ferrario C, Groban L and Wang H (2017) Blunting of estrogen modulation of cardiac cellular chymase/RAS activity and function in SHR, Journal of Cellular Physiology, 10.1002/jcp.26179, 233:4, (3330-3342), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2018.

Yu C and Jeremy R (2018) Angiotensin, transforming growth factor β and aortic dilatation in Marfan syndrome: Of mice and humans, IJC Heart & Vasculature, 10.1016/j.ijcha.2018.02.009, 18, (71-80), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2018.

de Morais S, Shanks J and Zucker I (2018) Integrative Physiological Aspects of Brain RAS in Hypertension, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-018-0810-1, 20:2, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2018.

Ferrario C and Mullick A (2017) Renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibition in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.020, 125, (57-71), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017.

Sukumaran V, Tsuchimochi H, Tatsumi E, Shirai M and Pearson J (2017) Azilsartan ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy in young db/db mice through the modulation of ACE-2/ANG 1–7/Mas receptor cascade, Biochemical Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.022, 144, (90-99), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017.

Lacolley P, Regnault V, Segers P and Laurent S (2017) Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Arterial Stiffening: Relevance in Development, Aging, and Disease, Physiological Reviews, 10.1152/physrev.00003.2017, 97:4, (1555-1617), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017.

Burghi V, Fernández N, Gándola Y, Piazza V, Quiroga D, Guilhen Mario É, Felix Braga J, Bader M, Santos R, Dominici F, Muñoz M and Armando I (2017) Validation of commercial Mas receptor antibodies for utilization in Western Blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry studies, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0183278, 12:8, (e0183278)

Tamargo M and Tamargo J (2017) Future drug discovery in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system intervention, Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 10.1080/17460441.2017.1335301, (1-22)

Liu P, Wysocki J, Serfozo P, Ye M, Souma T, Batlle D and Jin J (2017) A Fluorometric Method of Measuring Carboxypeptidase Activities for Angiotensin II and Apelin-13, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/srep45473, 7:1

Tan X, Jiao P, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zeng X, Li M and Wang W (2017) The phosphoinositide‐3 kinase signaling is involved in neuroinflammation in hypertensive rats, CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 10.1111/cns.12679, 23:4, (350-359), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2017.

Froogh G, Pinto J, Le Y, Kandhi S, Aleligne Y, Huang A and Sun D (2017) Chymase-dependent production of angiotensin II: an old enzyme in old hearts, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00534.2016, 312:2, (H223-H231), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2017.

Reyes S, Varagic J, Ahmad S, VonCannon J, Kon N, Wang H, Groban L, Cheng C, Dell’Italia L and Ferrario C (2017) Novel Cardiac Intracrine Mechanisms Based on Ang-(1-12)/Chymase Axis Require a Revision of Therapeutic Approaches in Human Heart Disease, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-017-0708-3, 19:2, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2017.

Li C, Han R, Kang L, Wang J, Gao Y, Li Y, He J and Tian J (2017) Pirfenidone controls the feedback loop of the AT1R/p38 MAPK/renin-angiotensin system axis by regulating liver X receptor-α in myocardial infarction-induced cardiac fibrosis, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/srep40523, 7:1

Simões e Silva A, Miranda A, Rocha N and Teixeira A (2017) Renin angiotensin system in liver diseases: Friend or foe?, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 10.3748/wjg.v23.i19.3396, 23:19, (3396), .

Nakanishi K, Nagai Y, Akimoto T and Yamanaka N (2017) Changes in renal vessels associated with long-term administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in Zucker fatty rats, Journal of Smooth Muscle Research, 10.1540/jsmr.53.20, 53:0, (20-30), .

Sun Y and Weber K (2017) Tissue Ace–Angiotensin–AT1 Receptor Axis and Repair in the Heart Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases, 10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.95909-9, (497-504), .

Sriramula S, Pedersen K, Xia H and Lazartigues E (2017) Determining the Enzymatic Activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Brain Tissue and Cerebrospinal Fluid Using a Quenched Fluorescent Substrate Hypertension, 10.1007/978-1-4939-6625-7_9, (117-126), .

do Carmo e Silva C, de Almeida J, Macedo L, Melo M, Pedrino G, dos Santos F, Biancardi M, dos Santos R, de Carvalho A, Mendes E, Colugnati D, Mazaro-Costa R and de Castro C (2016) Mas receptor contributes to pregnancy-induced cardiac remodelling, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20160095, 130:24, (2305-2316), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016.

Chen Y, Liu D, Zhang P, Zhong J, Zhang C, Wu S, Zhang Y, Liu G, He M, Jin L and Yu H (2016) Impact of ACE2 gene polymorphism on antihypertensive efficacy of ACE inhibitors, Journal of Human Hypertension, 10.1038/jhh.2016.24, 30:12, (766-771), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016.

De Mello W, Dell’Itallia L, Varagic J and Ferrario C (2016) Intracellular angiotensin-(1–12) changes the electrical properties of intact cardiac muscle, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 10.1007/s11010-016-2801-3, 422:1-2, (31-40), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2016.

Ahmad S, Varagic J, VonCannon J, Groban L, Collawn J, Dell'Italia L and Ferrario C (2016) Primacy of cardiac chymase over angiotensin converting enzyme as an angiotensin-(1-12) metabolizing enzyme, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.100, 478:2, (559-564), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2016.

WOŁKOW P, BUJAK-GIŻYCKA B, JAWIEŃ J, OLSZANECKI R, MADEJ J, RUTOWSKI J and KORBUT R (2016) Perindoprilat Changes ANG (1-9) Production in Renal Arteries Isolated From Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After ANG I Incubation, Physiological Research, 10.33549/physiolres.933015, (561-570), Online publication date: 31-Aug-2016.

Weber K and Díez J (2016) Targeting the Cardiac Myofibroblast Secretome to Treat Myocardial Fibrosis in Heart Failure, Circulation: Heart Failure, 9:8, Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016.

Ferrario C, Ahmad S, Varagic J, Cheng C, Groban L, Wang H, Collawn J and Dell′Italia L (2016) Intracrine angiotensin II functions originate from noncanonical pathways in the human heart, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00219.2016, 311:2, (H404-H414), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016.

Wang X, Ye Y, Gong H, Wu J, Yuan J, Wang S, Yin P, Ding Z, Kang L, Jiang Q, Zhang W, Li Y, Ge J and Zou Y (2016) The effects of different angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on the regulation of the ACE-AngII-AT1 and ACE2-Ang(1–7)-Mas axes in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling in male mice, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.012, 97, (180-190), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2016.

Gowrisankar Y and Clark M (2016) Angiotensin II regulation of angiotensin‐converting enzymes in spontaneously hypertensive rat primary astrocyte cultures , Journal of Neurochemistry, 10.1111/jnc.13641, 138:1, (74-85), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2016.

Ferrario C (2016) Cardiac remodelling and RAS inhibition, Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944716642677, 10:3, (162-171), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2016.

Trojanowicz B, Ulrich C, Kohler F, Bode V, Seibert E, Fiedler R and Girndt M (2016) Monocytic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 relates to atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 10.1093/ndt/gfw206, (gfw206)

Simões e Silva A and Teixeira M (2016) ACE inhibition, ACE2 and angiotensin-(1⿿7) axis in kidney and cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.018, 107, (154-162), Online publication date: 1-May-2016.

Patel V, Zhong J, Grant M and Oudit G (2016) Role of the ACE2/Angiotensin 1–7 Axis of the Renin–Angiotensin System in Heart Failure, Circulation Research, 118:8, (1313-1326), Online publication date: 15-Apr-2016.

Ferrario C, VonCannon J, Jiao Y, Ahmad S, Bader M, Dell'Italia L, Groban L and Varagic J (2016) Cardiac angiotensin-(1–12) expression and systemic hypertension in rats expressing the human angiotensinogen gene, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00833.2015, 310:8, (H995-H1002), Online publication date: 15-Apr-2016.

Chen K, Bi J, Su Y, Chappell M and Rose J (2016) Sex-Specific Changes in Renal Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity at Birth and Over the First Year of Life, Reproductive Sciences, 10.1177/1933719115597760, 23:2, (200-210), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2016.

Silva L, Silva-Filho J, Caruso-Neves C and Pinheiro A (2016) New Concepts in Malaria Pathogenesis: The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System, Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00103, 5

Bernardi S, Michelli A, Zuolo G, Candido R and Fabris B (2016) Update on RAAS Modulation for the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease, Journal of Diabetes Research, 10.1155/2016/8917578, 2016, (1-17), .

Qi Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Shenoy V, Krause E, Oh S, Pepine C, Katovich M and Raizada M (2015) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits high-mobility group box 1 and attenuates cardiac dysfunction post-myocardial ischemia, Journal of Molecular Medicine, 10.1007/s00109-015-1356-1, 94:1, (37-49), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2016.

HUANG H, ZHOU J, CUI Z, WANG B and HU Y (2015)(2015) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein plays a role in regulating the local renin-angiotensin system in HSC-T6 cells, Molecular Medicine Reports, 10.3892/mmr.2015.3849, 12:3, (3763-3768), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2015.

Alenina N, Böhme I, Bader M and Walther T (2015) Multiple non-coding exons and alternative splicing in the mouse Mas protooncogene, Gene, 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.043, 568:2, (155-164), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2015.

Mendoza-Torres E, Oyarzún A, Mondaca-Ruff D, Azocar A, Castro P, Jalil J, Chiong M, Lavandero S and Ocaranza M (2015) ACE2 and vasoactive peptides: novel players in cardiovascular/renal remodeling and hypertension, Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944715597623, 9:4, (217-237), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015.

Nagata S, Varagic J, Kon N, Wang H, Groban L, Simington S, Ahmad S, Dell’Italia L, VonCannon J, Deal D and Ferrario C (2015) RETRACTED: Differential expression of the angiotensin-(1-12)/chymase axis in human atrial tissue, Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944715589717, 9:4, (168-180), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2015.

Zhang Y, Hao Q, Wang X, Chen X, Wang N, Zhu L, Li S, Yu Q and Dong B (2014) ACE2 activity was increased in atherosclerotic plaque by losartan: Possible relation to anti-atherosclerosis, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1177/1470320314542829, 16:2, (292-300), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2015.

Chen L, Xu R, Yu H, Chang Q and Zhong J (2015) The ACE2/Apelin Signaling, MicroRNAs, and Hypertension, International Journal of Hypertension, 10.1155/2015/896861, 2015, (1-6), .

Zou X, Zhang X, Liu X, Li R, Wang M, Wu W, Sui Y and Zhao H (2015) Renal Kallikrein Activation and Renoprotection after Dual Blockade of Renin-Angiotensin System in Diet-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy, Journal of Diabetes Research, 10.1155/2015/310645, 2015, (1-10), .

Wang Y, Moreira M, Heringer-Walther S, Schultheiss H, Siems W, Wessel N and Walther T (2015) Beta Blockers Prevent Correlation of Plasma ACE2 Activity With Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000156, 65:1, (8-12), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2015.

Alenina N and dos Santos R (2015) Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS), 10.1016/B978-0-12-801364-9.00021-3, (155-159), .

Dias A, Cintra A, Frossard J, Palomino Z, Casarini D, Gomes I, Balarini C, Gava A, Campagnaro B, Pereira T, Meyrelles S and Vasquez E (2014) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 restores endothelial function in renovascular hypertension, Journal of Translational Medicine, 10.1186/s12967-014-0250-x, 12:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2014.

Bader M, Alenina N, Andrade-Navarro M, Santos R and Perez D (2014) Mas and Its Related G Protein–Coupled Receptors, Mrgprs, Pharmacological Reviews, 10.1124/pr.113.008136, 66:4, (1080-1105), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2014.

Wang W, Patel V, Parajuli N, Fan D, Basu R, Wang Z, Ramprasath T, Kassiri Z, Penninger J and Oudit G (2014) Heterozygote loss of ACE2 is sufficient to increase the susceptibility to heart disease, Journal of Molecular Medicine, 10.1007/s00109-014-1149-y, 92:8, (847-858), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2014.

Dalzell J, Cannon J, Jackson C, Lang N and Gardner R (2014) Emerging biomarkers for heart failure: an update, Biomarkers in Medicine, 10.2217/bmm.14.51, 8:6, (833-840), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2014.

Patel V, Zhong J, Fan D, Basu R, Morton J, Parajuli N, McMurtry M, Davidge S, Kassiri Z and Oudit G (2014) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Is a Critical Determinant of Angiotensin II–Induced Loss of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Adverse Vascular Remodeling, Hypertension, 64:1, (157-164), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2014.

Parajuli N, Ramprasath T, Patel V, Wang W, Putko B, Mori J and Oudit G (2014) Targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a new therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0488, 92:7, (558-565), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2014.

Iwanami J, Mogi M, Tsukuda K, Wang X, Nakaoka H, Ohshima K, Chisaka T, Bai H, Kanno H, Min L and Horiuchi M (2014) Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas axis in the hypotensive effect of azilsartan, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/hr.2014.49, 37:7, (616-620), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2014.

Rubio-Ruíz M, Del Valle-Mondragón L, Castrejón-Tellez V, Carreón-Torres E, Díaz-Díaz E and Guarner-Lans V (2014) Angiotensin II and 1-7 during aging in Metabolic Syndrome rats. Expression of AT1, AT2 and Mas receptors in abdominal white adipose tissue, Peptides, 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.04.021, 57, (101-108), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2014.

WANG M, ZHANG W, ZHOU Y and ZHOU X (2014)(2014) Association between serum angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels and postoperative myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass grafting, Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10.3892/etm.2014.1640, 7:6, (1721-1727), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014.

Zimmerman M, Harris R and Sullivan J (2014) Female spontaneously hypertensive rats are more dependent on ANG (1-7) to mediate effects of low-dose AT 1 receptor blockade than males , American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.00677.2013, 306:10, (F1136-F1142), Online publication date: 15-May-2014.

Ahmad S, Varagic J, Groban L, Dell’Italia L, Nagata S, Kon N and Ferrario C (2014) Angiotensin-(1-12): A Chymase-Mediated Cellular Angiotensin II Substrate, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-014-0429-9, 16:5, Online publication date: 1-May-2014.

Ferrario C, Ahmad S, Nagata S, Simington S, Varagic J, Kon N and Dell’Italia L (2013) An evolving story of angiotensin-II-forming pathways in rodents and humans, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20130400, 126:7, (461-469), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2014.

Varagic J, Ahmad S, Nagata S and Ferrario C (2014) ACE2: Angiotensin II/Angiotensin-(1–7) Balance in Cardiac and Renal Injury, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-014-0420-5, 16:3, Online publication date: 1-Mar-2014.

Flores-Monroy J, Ferrario C, Valencia-Hernández I, Hernández-Campos M and Martínez-Aguilar L (2014) Comparative Effects of a Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor versus Captopril on Plasma Angiotensins after Myocardial Infarction, Pharmacology, 10.1159/000365093, 94:1-2, (21-28), .

Zhang W, Xu Y, Liu B, Wu R, Yang Y, Xiao X and Zhang X (2014) Pioglitazone Upregulates Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Expression in Insulin-Sensitive Tissues in Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, The Scientific World Journal, 10.1155/2014/603409, 2014, (1-7), .

Patel V, Clarke N, Wang Z, Fan D, Parajuli N, Basu R, Putko B, Kassiri Z, Turner A and Oudit G (2014) Angiotensin II induced proteolytic cleavage of myocardial ACE2 is mediated by TACE/ADAM-17: A positive feedback mechanism in the RAS, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.017, 66, (167-176), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2014.

Jugdutt B (2014) Aging and Remodeling of the RAS and RAAS and Related Pathways: Implications for Heart Failure Therapy Aging and Heart Failure, 10.1007/978-1-4939-0268-2_18, (259-289), .

WAN W, JIANG X, LI X, ZHANG C and YI X (2013)(2013) Silencing of angiotensin-converting enzyme by RNA interference prevents H9c2 cardiomyocytes from apoptosis induced by anoxia/reoxygenation through regulation of the intracellular renin-angiotensin system, International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1525, 32:6, (1380-1386), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2013.

Qi Y, Zhang J, Cole-Jeffrey C, Shenoy V, Espejo A, Hanna M, Song C, Pepine C, Katovich M and Raizada M (2013) Diminazene Aceturate Enhances Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activity and Attenuates Ischemia-Induced Cardiac Pathophysiology, Hypertension, 62:4, (746-752), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2013.

Marshall A, Shaltout H, Pirro N, Rose J, Diz D and Chappell M (2013) Antenatal betamethasone exposure is associated with lower ANG-(1–7) and increased ACE in the CSF of adult sheep, American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2013, 305:7, (R679-R688), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2013.

Marcus Y, Shefer G and Stern N (2013) Adipose tissue renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and progression of insulin resistance, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.021, 378:1-2, (1-14), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2013.

Motawi T, El‐Maraghy S and Senousy M (2013) Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Blockade Downregulate Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Expression and Attenuate Renal Injury in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats, Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 10.1002/jbt.21500, 27:7, (378-387), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2013.

Silveira K, Barroso L, Vieira A, Cisalpino D, Lima C, Bader M, Arantes R, dos Santos R, Simões-e-Silva A, Teixeira M and Dussaule J (2013) Beneficial Effects of the Activation of the Angiotensin-(1–7) Mas Receptor in a Murine Model of Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy, PLoS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0066082, 8:6, (e66082)

Varagic J, Ahmad S, VonCannon J, Moniwa N, Brosnihan K, Wysocki J, Batlle D and Ferrario C (2013) Predominance of AT1 Blockade Over Mas–Mediated Angiotensin-(1–7) Mechanisms in the Regulation of Blood Pressure and Renin–Angiotensin System in mRen2.Lewis Rats, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1093/ajh/hps090, 26:5, (583-590), Online publication date: 1-May-2013., Online publication date: 1-May-2013.

Yang Z, Yu X, Cheng L, Miao L, Li H, Han L and Jiang W (2013) Effects of enalapril on the expression of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases, 10.1016/j.acvd.2013.01.004, 106:4, (196-201), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2013.

Arnold A, Okamoto L, Gamboa A, Shibao C, Raj S, Robertson D and Biaggioni I (2012) Angiotensin II, Independent of Plasma Renin Activity, Contributes to the Hypertension of Autonomic Failure, Hypertension, 61:3, (701-706), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2013.

Zeng Y, Wan W, Chen X and Zhang Y (2012) Effect of Telmisartan on local cardiovascular oxidative stress in mouse under chronic intermittent hypoxia condition, Sleep and Breathing, 10.1007/s11325-012-0669-3, 17:1, (181-187), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2013.

Lo J, Patel V, Wang Z, Levasseur J, Kaufman S, Penninger J and Oudit G (2012) Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 antagonizes angiotensin II‐induced pressor response and NADPH oxidase activation in Wistar–Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats, Experimental Physiology, 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067165, 98:1, (109-122), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2013.

Wang Y, Tikellis C, Thomas M and Golledge J (2013) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and atherosclerosis, Atherosclerosis, 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.08.018, 226:1, (3-8), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2013.

Schomburg D and Schomburg I (2013) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 3.4.17.23 Class 3.4–6 Hydrolases, Lyases, Isomerases, Ligases, 10.1007/978-3-642-36260-6_2, (29-64), .

Burchill L, Velkoska E, Dean R, Griggs K, Patel S and Burrell L (2012) Combination renin–angiotensin system blockade and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in experimental myocardial infarction: implications for future therapeutic directions, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20120162, 123:11, (649-658), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2012.

Drapkina O and Drapkina Y (2012) Fibrosis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. Reality and future prospects, "Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension"), 10.18705/1607-419X-2012-18-5-449-458, 18:5, (449-458)

Groban L, Wang H, Machado F, Trask A, Kritchevsky S, Ferrario C and Diz D (2012) Low glial angiotensinogen improves body habitus, diastolic function, and exercise tolerance in aging male rats, Cardiovascular Endocrinology, 10.1097/XCE.0b013e32835a2159, 1:3, (49-58), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2012.

Varagic J, Ahmad S, Voncannon J, Moniwa N, Simington S, Brosnihan B, Gallagher P, Habibi J, Sowers J and Ferrario C (2012) Nebivolol reduces cardiac angiotensin II, associated oxidative stress and fibrosis but not arterial pressure in salt-loaded spontaneously hypertensive rats, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328356766f, 30:9, (1766-1774), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2012.

Wang W, Bodiga S, Das S, Lo J, Patel V and Oudit G (2011) Role of ACE2 in diastolic and systolic heart failure, Heart Failure Reviews, 10.1007/s10741-011-9259-x, 17:4-5, (683-691), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2012.

(2012) The Endothelium, Cardiovascular Disease, and Therapy Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1002/9781118480045.ch14, (409-467), Online publication date: 29-Aug-2012.

Samuel P, Ali Q, Sabuhi R, Wu Y and Hussain T (2012) High Na intake increases renal angiotensin II levels and reduces expression of the ACE2-AT 2 R-MasR axis in obese Zucker rats , American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.00097.2012, 303:3, (F412-F419), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2012.

Zhou X, Shang D, Zhang T, Li L, Zhou T and Lu W (2012) Modeling of angiotensin II–angiotensin-(1-7) counterbalance in disease progression in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with/without perindopril, Pharmacological Research, 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.04.001, 66:2, (177-184), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2012.

Groban L, Lindsey S, Wang H, Lin M, Kassik K, Machado F and Carter C (2011) Differential effects of late-life initiation of low-dose enalapril and losartan on diastolic function in senescent Fischer 344 × Brown Norway male rats, AGE, 10.1007/s11357-011-9283-8, 34:4, (831-843), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2012.

Wei C, Chen Y, Powell L, Zheng J, Shi K, Bradley W, Powell P, Ahmad S, Ferrario C, Dell’Italia L and Beltrami A (2012) Cardiac Kallikrein-Kinin System Is Upregulated in Chronic Volume Overload and Mediates an Inflammatory Induced Collagen Loss, PLoS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0040110, 7:6, (e40110)

Jin H, Song B, Oudit G, Davidge S, Yu H, Jiang Y, Gao P, Zhu D, Ning G, Kassiri Z, Penninger J, Zhong J and Huang Y (2012) ACE2 Deficiency Enhances Angiotensin II-Mediated Aortic Profilin-1 Expression, Inflammation and Peroxynitrite Production, PLoS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0038502, 7:6, (e38502)

Patel V, Bodiga S, Fan D, Das S, Wang Z, Wang W, Basu R, Zhong J, Kassiri Z and Oudit G (2012) Cardioprotective Effects Mediated by Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade and Enhancing Angiotensin 1-7 in Experimental Heart Failure in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2–Null Mice, Hypertension, 59:6, (1195-1203), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2012.

Burrell L, Burchill L, Dean R, Griggs K, Patel S and Velkoska E (2012) Chronic kidney disease: cardiac and renal angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) 2 expression in rats after subtotal nephrectomy and the effect of ACE inhibition, Experimental Physiology, 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.063156, 97:4, (477-485), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2012.

Sukumaran V, Veeraveedu P, Gurusamy N, Lakshmanan A, Yamaguchi K, Ma M, Suzuki K, Nagata M, Takagi R, Kodama M and Watanabe K (2012) Olmesartan attenuates the development of heart failure after experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats through the modulation of ANG 1–7 mas receptor, Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.010, 351:2, (208-219), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2012.

Yoshida T, Semprun-Prieto L, Wainford R, Sukhanov S, Kapusta D and Delafontaine P (2012) Angiotensin II Reduces Food Intake by Altering Orexigenic Neuropeptide Expression in the Mouse Hypothalamus, Endocrinology, 10.1210/en.2011-1764, 153:3, (1411-1420), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2012.

Soro-Paavonen A, Gordin D, Forsblom C, Rosengard-Barlund M, Waden J, Thorn L, Sandholm N, Thomas M and Groop P (2012) Circulating ACE2 activity is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and vascular complications, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834f04b6, 30:2, (375-383), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2012.

Nagata S, Kato J, Kuwasako K, Asami M and Kitamura K (2011) Plasma and tissue concentrations of proangiotensin-12 in rats treated with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/hr.2011.165, 35:2, (234-238), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2012.

Restini C, Reis R, Costa-Neto C, Garcia-Cairasco N, Cortes-de-Oliveira J and Bendhack L (2012) Role of endothelium on the abnormal Angiotensin-mediated vascular functions in epileptic rats, Journal of Biophysical Chemistry, 10.4236/jbpc.2012.32019, 03:02, (174-182), .

Clarke N and Turner A (2012) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: The First Decade, International Journal of Hypertension, 10.1155/2012/307315, 2012, (1-12), .

Ferreira A, Murça T, Fraga-Silva R, Castro C, Raizada M and Santos R (2012) New Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas Receptor Axis, International Journal of Hypertension, 10.1155/2012/147825, 2012, (1-13), .

Patel V, Putko B, Wang Z, Zhong J and Oudit G (2012) Manipulating angiotensin metabolism with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in heart failure, Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies, 10.1016/j.ddstr.2013.11.001, 9:4, (e141-e148), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2013.

Igase M, Yokoyama H and Ferrario C (2011) Attenuation of hypertension-mediated glomerulosclerosis in conjunction with increased angiotensin (1–7), Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944711429343, 5:6, (297-304), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2011.

Tan Z, Wu J and Ma H (2011) Regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptor by Ang-(1–7) in heart and kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.1177/1470320311402109, 12:4, (413-419), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2011.

Rusai K, Schmaderer C, Hermans J, Lutz J, Heemann U and Baumann M (2011) Direct Renin Inhibition in a Rat Model of Chronic Allograft Injury, Transplantation, 10.1097/TP.0b013e318230c05b, 92:9, (999-1004), Online publication date: 15-Nov-2011.

Inaba S, Iwai M, Furuno M, Kanno H, Senba I, Okayama H, Mogi M, Higaki J and Horiuchi M (2011) Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in cardiac hypertrophy induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibition, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834bbb4d, 29:11, (2236-2245), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2011.

Iwata M, Cowling R, Yeo S and Greenberg B (2011) Targeting the ACE2–Ang-(1–7) pathway in cardiac fibroblasts to treat cardiac remodeling and heart failure, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.12.003, 51:4, (542-547), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2011.

Oudit G and Penninger J (2011) Recombinant Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as a New Renin-Angiotensin System Peptidase for Heart Failure Therapy, Current Heart Failure Reports, 10.1007/s11897-011-0063-7, 8:3, (176-183), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2011.

Dell'Italia L (2011) Translational Success Stories: Angiotensin Receptor 1 Antagonists in Heart Failure, Circulation Research, 109:4, (437-452), Online publication date: 5-Aug-2011.

Fernandes T, Hashimoto N, Magalhães F, Fernandes F, Casarini D, Carmona A, Krieger J, Phillips M and Oliveira E (2011) Aerobic Exercise Training–Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Involves Regulatory MicroRNAs, Decreased Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Angiotensin II, and Synergistic Regulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2-Angiotensin (1-7), Hypertension, 58:2, (182-189), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2011.

Becari C, Teixeira F, Oliveira E and Salgado M (2011) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition augments the expression of rat elastase-2, an angiotensin II-forming enzyme, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00534.2010, 301:2, (H565-H570), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2011.

Singh K, Singh T and Sharma P (2011) Beneficial effects of angiotensin (1–7) in diabetic rats with cardiomyopathy, Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944711409281, 5:3, (159-167), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2011.

Jessup J, Zhang L, Chen A, Presley T, Kim-Shapiro D, Chappell M, Wang H and Groban L (2011) Neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition improves diastolic function and reduces oxidative stress in ovariectomized mRen2.Lewis rats, Menopause, 10.1097/gme.0b013e31820390a2, 18:6, (698-708), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2011.

Chen Q, Yu C, Tang X, Chen D, Tian J, Cao Y, Fan W, Cao W, Zhan S, Lv J, Guo X, Hu Y and Lee L (2011) Interactions of renin–angiotensin system gene polymorphisms and antihypertensive effect of benazepril in Chinese population, Pharmacogenomics, 10.2217/pgs.11.2, 12:5, (735-743), Online publication date: 1-May-2011.

Prieto M, González-Villalobos R, Botros F, Martin V, Pagán J, Satou R, Lara L, Feng Y, Fernandes F, Kobori H, Casarini D and Navar L (2011) Reciprocal changes in renal ACE/ANG II and ACE2/ANG 1–7 are associated with enhanced collecting duct renin in Goldblatt hypertensive rats, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.00383.2009, 300:3, (F749-F755), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2011.

Ferrario C (2011) ACE2: more of Ang-(1–7) or less Ang II?, Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283406f57, 20:1, (1-6), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2011.

Batlle D, Wysocki J and Khan M (2010) Vascular Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Circulation Research, 107:7, (822-824), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2010.

da Silveira K, Pompermayer Bosco K, Diniz L, Carmona A, Cassali G, Bruna-Romero O, de Sousa L, Teixeira M, Santos R, Simões e Silva A and Ribeiro Vieira M (2010) ACE2–angiotensin-(1–7)–Mas axis in renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20090554, 119:9, (385-394), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2010.

Kuba K, Imai Y, Ohto-Nakanishi T and Penninger J (2010) Trilogy of ACE2: A peptidase in the renin–angiotensin system, a SARS receptor, and a partner for amino acid transporters, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.06.003, 128:1, (119-128), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2010.

Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Deng B, Zhou Z, Li S, Lu X, Song L, Lei X, Tang W, Wang N, Pan C, Song H, Liu C, Dong B, Zhang Y and Cao Y (2010) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates atherosclerotic lesions by targeting vascular cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.1073/pnas.1001253107, 107:36, (15886-15891), Online publication date: 7-Sep-2010.

Fernandes T, Hashimoto N and Oliveira E (2010) Characterization of angiotensin-converting enzymes 1 and 2 in the soleus and plantaris muscles of rats, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 10.1590/S0100-879X2010007500088, 43:9, (837-842), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2010.

Morales Olivas F and Estañ Yago L (2010) Conceptos nuevos sobre el sistema renina angiotensina, Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, 10.1016/j.hipert.2009.09.002, 27:5, (211-217), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2010.

Lin C, Pan C, Wen C, Yang T and Kuan T (2010) Regulation of angiotensin converting enzyme II by angiotensin peptides in human cardiofibroblasts, Peptides, 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.03.026, 31:7, (1334-1340), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2010.

Trask A, Groban L, Westwood B, Varagic J, Ganten D, Gallagher P, Chappell M and Ferrario C (2010) Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Exacerbates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Ren-2 Hypertensive Rats, American Journal of Hypertension, 10.1038/ajh.2010.51, 23:6, (687-693), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2010.

Jonathan R Dalzell, Colette E Jackson (2010) Novel neurohormonal insights with therapeutic potential in chronic heart failure, Future Cardiology, 10.2217/fca.10.13, 6:3, (361-372), Online publication date: 1-May-2010.

Senador D, Key M, Brosnihan K, Irigoyen M, Elased K and Morris M (2009) Cardiovascular Interactions Between Losartan and Fructose in Mice, Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 10.1177/1074248409351409, 15:1, (68-77), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2010.

Varagic J, Ahmad S, Brosnihan K, Groban L, Chappell M, Tallant E, Gallagher P and Ferrario C (2009) Decreased cardiac Ang-(1-7) is associated with salt-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944709353337, 4:1, (17-25), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010.

Ferrario C (2009) New Physiological Concepts of the Renin-Angiotensin System From the Investigation of Precursors and Products of Angiotensin I Metabolism, Hypertension, 55:2, (445-452), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010.

Chappell M (2009) Does ACE2 contribute to the development of hypertension?, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/hr.2009.207, 33:2, (107-109), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010.

Tsutamoto T, Nishiyama K, Yamaji M, Kawahara C, Fujii M, Yamamoto T and Horie M (2009) Comparison of the long-term effects of candesartan and olmesartan on plasma angiotensin II and left ventricular mass index in patients with hypertension, Hypertension Research, 10.1038/hr.2009.192, 33:2, (118-122), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010.

Ferrario C (2010) Addressing the theoretical and clinical advantages of combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: Antihypertensive effects and benefits beyond BP control, Life Sciences, 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.020, 86:9-10, (289-299), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2010.

Huang M, Li X, Meng Y, Xiao B, Ma Q, Ying S, Wu P and Zhang Z (2009) Upregulation of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) 2 in hepatic fibrosis by ACE inhibitors, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05302.x, 37:1, Online publication date: 1-Jan-2010.

Ferrario C, Ahmad S, Joyner J and Varagic J (2010) Advances in the Renin Angiotensin System Cardiovascular Pharmacology - Heart and Circulation, 10.1016/S1054-3589(10)59007-0, (197-233), .

Man J, Tymchak W and Jugdutt B (2010) Adjunctive Pharmacologic Therapies in Acute Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Intensive Care, 10.1016/B978-1-4160-3773-6.10013-8, (145-182), .

Trask A, Varagic J, Ahmad S and Ferrario C (2010) Angiotensin-(1-7), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, and New Components of the Renin Angiotensin System Renin Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1007/978-1-60761-186-8_10, (121-133), .

Lubel J, Herath C, Tchongue J, Grace J, Jia Z, Spencer K, Casley D, Crowley P, Sievert W, Burrell L and Angus P (2009) Angiotensin-(1–7), an alternative metabolite of the renin–angiotensin system, is up-regulated in human liver disease and has antifibrotic activity in the bile-duct-ligated rat, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20080647, 117:11, (375-386), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2009.

Kassiri Z, Zhong J, Guo D, Basu R, Wang X, Liu P, Scholey J, Penninger J and Oudit G (2009) Loss of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Accelerates Maladaptive Left Ventricular Remodeling in Response to Myocardial Infarction, Circulation: Heart Failure, 2:5, (446-455), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2009.

Elisseeva Y and Kugaevskaya E (2009) Structure and physiological importance of angiotensin converting enzyme domains, Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry, 10.1134/S1990750809030032, 3:3, (237-247), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2009.

Jessup J, Westwood B, Chappell M and Groban L (2009) Dual ACE-inhibition and AT1 receptor antagonism improves ventricular lusitropy without affecting cardiac fibrosis in the congenic mRen2.Lewis rat, Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944709338489, 3:4, (245-257), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2009.

Hagiwara S, Iwasaka H, Hidaka S, Hasegawa A, Koga H and Noguchi T (2009) Antagonist of the Type-1 ANG II receptor prevents against LPS-induced septic shock in rats, Intensive Care Medicine, 10.1007/s00134-009-1545-x, 35:8, (1471-1478), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2009.

Ferrario C, Varagic J, Habibi J, Nagata S, Kato J, Chappell M, Trask A, Kitamura K, Whaley-Connell A and Sowers J (2009) Differential regulation of angiotensin-(1-12) in plasma and cardiac tissue in response to bilateral nephrectomy, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.01114.2008, 296:4, (H1184-H1192), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2009.

Xia H, Feng Y, Obr T, Hickman P and Lazartigues E (2009) Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor–Mediated Reduction of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activity in the Brain Impairs Baroreflex Function in Hypertensive Mice, Hypertension, 53:2, (210-216), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2009.

Soler M, Ye M, Wysocki J, William J, Lloveras J and Batlle D (2009) Localization of ACE2 in the renal vasculature: amplification by angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade using telmisartan, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.90488.2008, 296:2, (F398-F405), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2009.

Varagic J and Ferrario C (2009) Salt and Heart: RAAS Involvement The Local Cardiac Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System, 10.1007/978-1-4419-0528-4_16, (165-173), .

Gallagher P, Ferrario C and Tallant E (2008) Regulation of ACE2 in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00426.2008, 295:6, (H2373-H2379), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2008.

Xia H and Lazartigues E (2008) Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in the brain: properties and future directions, Journal of Neurochemistry, 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05723.x, 107:6, (1482-1494), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2008.

Jones E, Vinh A, McCarthy C, Gaspari T and Widdop R (2008) AT2 receptors: Functional relevance in cardiovascular disease, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.08.009, 120:3, (292-316), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2008.

WANG T, YIN K, LIU K, LU G, LI Y and CHEN J (2008) Effect of valsartan on the expression of angiotensin II receptors in the lung of chronic antigen exposure rats, Chinese Medical Journal, 10.1097/00029330-200811020-00018, 121:22, (2312-2319), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2008.

Shigenaga A, Tamura K, Wakui H, Masuda S, Azuma K, Tsurumi-Ikeya Y, Ozawa M, Mogi M, Matsuda M, Uchino K, Kimura K, Horiuchi M and Umemura S (2008) Effect of Olmesartan on Tissue Expression Balance Between Angiotensin II Receptor and Its Inhibitory Binding Molecule, Hypertension, 52:4, (672-678), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008.

Gupte M, Boustany-Kari C, Bharadwaj K, Police S, Thatcher S, Gong M, English V and Cassis L (2008) ACE2 is expressed in mouse adipocytes and regulated by a high-fat diet, American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 10.1152/ajpregu.00183.2008, 295:3, (R781-R788), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008.

Lubel J, Herath C, Burrell L and Angus P (2008) Liver disease and the renin–angiotensin system: Recent discoveries and clinical implications, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05461.x, 23:9, (1327-1338), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008.

Fyhrquist F and Saijonmaa O (2008) Renin‐angiotensin system revisited, Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01981.x, 264:3, (224-236), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008.

Schindler C (2008) ACE-inhibitor, AT 1 -receptor-antagonist, or both? A clinical pharmacologist`s perspective after publication of the results of ONTARGET , Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1177/1753944708094309, 2:4, (233-248), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2008.

José Soler M, Lloveras J and Batlle D (2008) Enzima conversiva de la angiotensina 2 y su papel emergente en la regulación del sistema renina-angiotensina, Medicina Clínica, 10.1157/13124619, 131:6, (230-236), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2008.

Pendergrass K, Pirro N, Westwood B, Ferrario C, Brosnihan K and Chappell M (2008) Sex differences in circulating and renal angiotensins of hypertensive mRen().Lewis but not normotensive Lewis rats, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.01277.2007, 295:1, (H10-H20), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2008.

Sluimer J, Gasc J, Hamming I, van Goor H, Michaud A, van den Akker L, Jütten B, Cleutjens J, Bijnens A, Corvol P, Daemen M and Heeneman S (2008) Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and activity in human carotid atherosclerotic lesions, The Journal of Pathology, 10.1002/path.2357, 215:3, (273-279), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2008.

Katovich M, Grobe J and Raizada M (2008) Angiotensin-(1-7) as an antihypertensive, antifibrotic target, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-008-0043-9, 10:3, (227-232), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2008.

Wang G, Lai F, Lai K, Chow K, Kwan C, Li K and Szeto C (2008) Urinary mRNA expression of ACE and ACE2 in human type 2 diabetic nephropathy, Diabetologia, 10.1007/s00125-008-0988-x, 51:6, (1062-1067), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2008.

Varagic J, Trask A, Jessup J, Chappell M and Ferrario C (2008) New angiotensins, Journal of Molecular Medicine, 10.1007/s00109-008-0340-4, 86:6, (663-671), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2008.

Koka V, Huang X, Chung A, Wang W, Truong L and Lan H (2008) Angiotensin II Up-Regulates Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE), but Down-Regulates ACE2 via the AT1-ERK/p38 MAP Kinase Pathway, The American Journal of Pathology, 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070762, 172:5, (1174-1183), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Hernández Prada J, Ferreira A, Katovich M, Shenoy V, Qi Y, Santos R, Castellano R, Lampkins A, Gubala V, Ostrov D and Raizada M (2008) Structure-Based Identification of Small-Molecule Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activators as Novel Antihypertensive Agents, Hypertension, 51:5, (1312-1317), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Trask A, Jessup J, Chappell M and Ferrario C (2008) Angiotensin-(1-12) is an alternate substrate for angiotensin peptide production in the heart, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00175.2008, 294:5, (H2242-H2247), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Hamming I, Van Goor H, Turner A, Rushworth C, Michaud A, Corvol P and Navis G (2008) Differential regulation of renal angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 during ACE inhibition and dietary sodium restriction in healthy rats, Experimental Physiology, 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.041855, 93:5, (631-638), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Burchill L, Velkoska E, Dean R, Lew R, Smith A, Levidiotis V and Burrell L (2008) Acute kidney injury in the rat causes cardiac remodelling and increases angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression, Experimental Physiology, 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.040386, 93:5, (622-630), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Alenina N, Xu P, Rentzsch B, Patkin E and Bader M (2008) Genetically altered animal models for Mas and angiotensin‐(1–7), Experimental Physiology, 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.040345, 93:5, (528-537), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Diz D, Garcia‐Espinosa M, Gegick S, Tommasi E, Ferrario C, Ann Tallant E, Chappell M and Gallagher P (2008) Injections of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 inhibitor MLN4760 into nucleus tractus solitarii reduce baroreceptor reflex sensitivity for heart rate control in rats, Experimental Physiology, 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.040261, 93:5, (694-700), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Batlle D, Soler M and Wysocki J (2008) New aspects of the renin–angiotensin system: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 – a potential target for treatment of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy, Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f945c2, 17:3, (250-257), Online publication date: 1-May-2008.

Feng Y, Yue X, Xia H, Bindom S, Hickman P, Filipeanu C, Wu G and Lazartigues E (2008) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Overexpression in the Subfornical Organ Prevents the Angiotensin II–Mediated Pressor and Drinking Responses and Is Associated With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Downregulation, Circulation Research, 102:6, (729-736), Online publication date: 28-Mar-2008.

Der Sarkissian S, Grobe J, Yuan L, Narielwala D, Walter G, Katovich M and Raizada M (2008) Cardiac Overexpression of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Protects the Heart From Ischemia-Induced Pathophysiology, Hypertension, 51:3, (712-718), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2008.

Guo Y, Li W, Wu R, Xie Q and Cui L (2008) ACE2 Overexpression Inhibits Angiotensin II-induced Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression in Macrophages, Archives of Medical Research, 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.07.010, 39:2, (149-154), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2008.

Wysocki J, González-Pacheco F and Batlle D (2008) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: Possible role in hypertension and kidney disease, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-008-0014-1, 10:1, (70-77), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2008.

Yamamuro M, Yoshimura M, Nakayama M, Abe K, Sumida H, Sugiyama S, Saito Y, Nakao K, Yasue H and Ogawa H (2008) Aldosterone, but Not Angiotensin II, Reduces Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Gene Expression Levels in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes, Circulation Journal, 10.1253/circj.72.1346, 72:8, (1346-1350), .

Grobe J, Der Sarkissian S, Stewart J, Meszaros J, Raizada M and Katovich M (2007) ACE2 overexpression inhibits hypoxia-induced collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20070160, 113:8, (357-364), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2007.

Heeneman S, Sluimer J and Daemen M (2007) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Vascular Remodeling, Circulation Research, 101:5, (441-454), Online publication date: 31-Aug-2007.

Warner F, Lubel J, McCaughan G and Angus P (2007) Liver fibrosis: a balance of ACEs?, Clinical Science, 10.1042/CS20070026, 113:3, (109-118), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2007.

Fan X, Wang Y, Sun K, Zhang W, Yang X, Wang S, Zhen Y, Wang J, Li W, Han Y, Liu T, Wang X, Chen J, Wu H and Hui R (2007) Polymorphisms of ACE2 Gene are Associated With Essential Hypertension and Antihypertensive Effects of Captopril in Women, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100214, 82:2, (187-196), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2007.

Birkenhäger W and Staessen J (2007) Dual inhibition of the renin system by aliskiren and valsartan, The Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61099-X, 370:9583, (195-196), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2007.

Bäcklund T, Lakkisto P, Palojoki E, Grönholm T, Saraste A, Finckenberg P, Mervaala E, Tikkanen I and Laine M (2016) Activation of protective and damaging components of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system after myocardial infarction in experimental diabetes, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.3317/jraas.2007.018, 8:2, (66-73), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2007.

De Mello W, Ferrario C and Jessup J (2016) Beneficial versus harmful effects of Angiotensin (1-7) on impulse propagation and cardiac arrhythmias in the failing heart, Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, 10.3317/jraas.2007.015, 8:2, (74-80), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2007.

Trask A, Averill D, Ganten D, Chappell M and Ferrario C (2007) Primary role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in cardiac production of angiotensin-(1–7) in transgenic Ren-2 hypertensive rats, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.01198.2006, 292:6, (H3019-H3024), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2007.

Kozlovski V, Lomnicka M, Fedorowicz A and Chlopicki S (2007) On the Mechanism of Coronary Vasodilation Induced by Angiotensin‐(1–7) in the Isolated Guinea Pig Heart, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00057.x, 100:6, (361-365), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2007.

Hamming I, Cooper M, Haagmans B, Hooper N, Korstanje R, Osterhaus A, Timens W, Turner A, Navis G and van Goor H (2007) The emerging role of ACE2 in physiology and disease, The Journal of Pathology, 10.1002/path.2162, 212:1, (1-11), Online publication date: 1-May-2007.

Burns K (2007) The emerging role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in the kidney, Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension, 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3280123c0e, 16:2, (116-121), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2007.

O’Brien E, Barton J, Nussberger J, Mulcahy D, Jensen C, Dicker P and Stanton A (2006) Aliskiren Reduces Blood Pressure and Suppresses Plasma Renin Activity in Combination With a Thiazide Diuretic, an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, or an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, Hypertension, 49:2, (276-284), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2007.

Hayden M, Chowdhury N, Cooper S, Whaley-Connell A, Habibi J, Witte L, Wiedmeyer C, Manrique C, Lastra G, Ferrario C, Stump C and Sowers J (2007) Proximal tubule microvilli remodeling and albuminuria in the Ren2 transgenic rat, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.00252.2006, 292:2, (F861-F867), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2007.

Grobe J, Mecca A, Lingis M, Shenoy V, Bolton T, Machado J, Speth R, Raizada M and Katovich M (2007) Prevention of angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by angiotensin-(1–7), American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00937.2006, 292:2, (H736-H742), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2007.

Schindler C, Brosnihan K, Ferrario C, Bramlage P, Maywald U, Koch R, Oertel R and Kirch W (2013) Comparison of Inhibitory Effects of Irbesartan and Atorvastatin Treatment on the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) in Veins: A Randomized Double‐Blind Crossover Trial in Healthy Subjects, The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 10.1177/0091270006294280, 47:1, (112-120), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2007.

Shaltout H, Westwood B, Averill D, Ferrario C, Figueroa J, Diz D, Rose J and Chappell M (2007) Angiotensin metabolism in renal proximal tubules, urine, and serum of sheep: evidence for ACE2-dependent processing of angiotensin II, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.00139.2006, 292:1, (F82-F91), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2007.

Shirani J, Narula J, Eckelman W, Narula N and Dilsizian V (2007) Early imaging in heart failure: Exploring novel molecular targets, Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2006.12.318, 14:1, (100-110), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2007.

Chappell M (2007) Role of ACE, ACE2 and Neprilysin in the Kidney Frontiers in Research of the Renin-Angiotensin System on Human Disease, 10.1007/978-1-4020-6372-5_1, (1-20), .

Whaley-Connell A, Chowdhury N, Hayden M, Stump C, Habibi J, Wiedmeyer C, Gallagher P, Ann Tallant E, Cooper S, Link C, Ferrario C and Sowers J (2006) Oxidative stress and glomerular filtration barrier injury: role of the renin-angiotensin system in the Ren2 transgenic rat, American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 10.1152/ajprenal.00167.2006, 291:6, (F1308-F1314), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2006.

Jessup J, Gallagher P, Averill D, Brosnihan K, Tallant E, Chappell M and Ferrario C (2006) Effect of angiotensin II blockade on a new congenic model of hypertension derived from transgenic Ren-2 rats, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00061.2006, 291:5, (H2166-H2172), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2006.

Ocaranza M, Godoy I, Jalil J, Varas M, Collantes P, Pinto M, Roman M, Ramirez C, Copaja M, Diaz-Araya G, Castro P and Lavandero S (2006) Enalapril Attenuates Downregulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in the Late Phase of Ventricular Dysfunction in Myocardial Infarcted Rat, Hypertension, 48:4, (572-578), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2006.

Wysocki J, Ye M, Soler M, Gurley S, Xiao H, Bernstein K, Coffman T, Chen S and Batlle D (2006) ACE and ACE2 Activity in Diabetic Mice, Diabetes, 10.2337/db06-0033, 55:7, (2132-2139), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2006.

Chappel M and Ferrario C (2006) ACE and ACE2: their role to balance the expression of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1–7), Kidney International, 10.1038/sj.ki.5000321, 70:1, (8-10), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2006.

Grobe J, Mecca A, Mao H and Katovich M (2006) Chronic angiotensin-(1–7) prevents cardiac fibrosis in DOCA-salt model of hypertension, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.01170.2005, 290:6, (H2417-H2423), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2006.

Noh H, Kim J, Han K, Lee G, Song J, Chung S, Jeon J, Ha H and Lee H (2006) Oxidative stress during peritoneal dialysis: Implications in functional and structural changes in the membrane, Kidney International, 10.1038/sj.ki.5001506, 69:11, (2022-2028), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2006.

Tallant E, Ferrario C and Gallagher P (2006) Cardioprotective role for angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in the heart, Future Cardiology, 10.2217/14796678.2.3.335, 2:3, (335-342), Online publication date: 1-May-2006.

Elased K, Cunha T, Gurley S, Coffman T and Morris M (2006) New Mass Spectrometric Assay for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activity, Hypertension, 47:5, (1010-1017), Online publication date: 1-May-2006.

Santos R, Castro C, Gava E, Pinheiro S, Almeida A, de Paula R, Cruz J, Ramos A, Rosa K, Irigoyen M, Bader M, Alenina N, Kitten G and Ferreira A (2006) Impairment of In Vitro and In Vivo Heart Function in Angiotensin-(1-7) Receptor Mas Knockout Mice, Hypertension, 47:5, (996-1002), Online publication date: 1-May-2006.

Jugdutt B (2006) Valsartan in the treatment of heart attack survivors, Vascular Health and Risk Management, 10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.2.125, 2:2, (125-138), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2006.

Ferrario C (2005) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin-(1-7), Hypertension, 47:3, (515-521), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2006.

Carey R (2006) Should we employ combination ACEI and ARB therapy in primary hypertension?, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-006-0002-2, 8:2, (101-102), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2006.

Gallagher P, Chappell M, Ferrario C and Tallant E (2006) Distinct roles for ANG II and ANG-(1–7) in the regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in rat astrocytes, American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 10.1152/ajpcell.00409.2004, 290:2, (C420-C426), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2006.

Ferrario C, Trask A and Jessup J (2005) Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1–7) in regulation of cardiovascular function, American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2005, 289:6, (H2281-H2290), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2005.

Rivière G, Michaud A, Breton C, VanCamp G, Laborie C, Enache M, Lesage J, Deloof S, Corvol P and Vieau D (2005) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and ACE Activities Display Tissue-Specific Sensitivity to Undernutrition-Programmed Hypertension in the Adult Rat, Hypertension, 46:5, (1169-1174), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2005.

Ferrario C, Jessup J, Gallagher P, Averill D, Brosnihan K, Ann Tallant E, Smith R and Chappell M (2005) Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on renal angiotensin-(1-7) forming enzymes and receptors, Kidney International, 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00675.x, 68:5, (2189-2196), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2005.

Parvanova A, Chiurchiu C, Ruggenenti P and Remuzzi G (2005) Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system and cardio-renal protection: focus on losartan and angiotensin receptor blockade, Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 10.1517/14656566.6.11.1931, 6:11, (1931-1942), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2005.

Ferrario C (2005) Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi256, 26:11, (1141-1141), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2005.

May 24, 2005
Vol 111, Issue 20

Article Information

Metrics

https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510461

PMID: 15897343

Originally publishedMay 16, 2005

Keywords

PDF download

Subjects

OpenAthens/Shibboleth »

Jump to

Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Cardiac Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

You are viewing the most recent version of this article. Previous versions: