Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published June 2002

A Framework for Understanding the Relationships between Religions and Markets

John D. MittelstaedtView all authors and affiliations
Volume 22, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1177/027467022001002

Abstract

Religions and religious institutions affect markets in a variety of ways. The objectives of this study are threefold. First, it details the parameters of market activity affected by religions and religious institutions. Second, it discusses the ways in which religion exerts authority over the activities of markets. The presence of authority is a necessary prerequisite for religious influence on markets. Third, religious authority is used as a framework to understand how traditional questions of macromarketing inform, and are informed by, the intersection of religions and markets. The article uses the framework of religious authority to explore the variety of effects of religions on markets and markets on religions.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

Get Access

References

Abeng, T. 1997. Business ethics in Islamic context: Perspective of a Muslim business leader. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (3): 47-54.
Google Scholar
Ali, A. J., R. C. Camp, and M. Gibbs. 2000. The Ten Commandments perspective on power and authority in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics 26:351-361.
Google Scholar
Andolsen, B. H. 1997. Roman Catholic tradition and ritual and business ethics: Afeminist perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 71-82.
Google Scholar
Baker, R. W. 1997. Invidious comparisons: Realism, postmodern globalism, and centrist Islamic movements in Egypt. In Political Islam: Revolution, radicalism or reform? edited by John L. Esposito, 115-134. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Google Scholar
Ball, D. A., and W. H. McCulloch, Jr. 1993. International business: Introduction and essentials. 5th ed. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.
Google Scholar
Barnett, T., K. Bass, and G. Brown. 1996. Religiosity, ethical ideology and intentions to report a peer’s wrongdoing. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (11): 1161-1174.
Google Scholar
Bearak, B. 1998. State of misery: Aspecial report. The New York Times,10 October, A1-A1.
Google Scholar
Behdad, S. 1994. Adisputed utopia: Islamic economics in revolutionary Iran. Comparative Studies in Society and History 34 (October): 775-813.
Google Scholar
Benedetto, R. 2001. Bush’s “faith-based” initiative draws foes from several sides. USA Today, 8 May, 9A-9A.
Google Scholar
Bowen, J. R. 1998. Religions in practice: An approach to the anthropology of religion. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Google Scholar
Buggs, S. 1999. Investing with your values. The Houston Chronicle, 31 May, Business 1.
Google Scholar
Cateora, P. A., and J. L. Graham. 1999. International marketing. 10th ed. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
Google Scholar
Cheeseman, H. R. 1995. Business law: The legal, ethical and international environment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Google Scholar
Childs, J. M., Jr. 1997. Lutheran perspectives on ethical business in an age of downsizing. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 123-132.
Google Scholar
Clark, J. W., and L. E. Dawson. 1996. Personal religiousness and ethical judgments: An empirical analysis. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (3): 359-372.
Google Scholar
Coulson, N. J. 1964. A history of Islamic law. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.
Google Scholar
Council of Senior Ulama of Saudi Arabia. 1978. Decision No. 51, translated by Frank Vogel. 4/4/1398 H (1978 C).
Google Scholar
Cummins, R. A. 2000. Objective and subjective quality of life: An interactive model. Social Indicators Research 52 (1): 55-72.
Google Scholar
Dalla Costa, J. 2000. The ethical imperative: Why moral leadership is good business. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Google Scholar
De Soto, H. 2000. The mystery of capital: Why capitalism triumphs in the West and fails everywhere else. New York: Basic Books.
Google Scholar
Dholakia, N., and R. R. Dholakia. 1984. Missing links: Marketing and the newer theories of development. In Marketing in developing countries, edited by G. S. Kindra, 57-75. London: Croom Helms.
Google Scholar
Dickinson, R., and S. C. Hollander. 1991. Consumer votes. Journal of Business Research 22 (4): 335-346.
Google Scholar
Dixon, D. F., and E. Polyakov. 1997. Physical quality-of-life indicators in post-Stalinist Russia. Journal of Macromarketing 17 (1): 39-55.
Google Scholar
Dorff, E. N. 1997. Judaism, business and privacy. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 31-44.
Google Scholar
Erb, L. C. 1985. Marketing of Christmas: Ahistory. Public Relations Quarterly 30:24-28.
Google Scholar
Esposito, J. L. 1998. Islam and politics. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
Google Scholar
Faith-based programs. 2001. The Christian Century, 3 January, 5-5.
Google Scholar
Friedman, H. H. 2001. The impact of Jewish values on marketing and business practices. Journal of Macromarketing 21 (1): 74-80.
Google Scholar
A gentler Middle Eastern Islam. 2000. The Economist, 29 January, 49-49.
Google Scholar
Gerholm, T. 1997. The Islamization of contemporary Egypt. In African Islam and Islam in Africa, edited by David Westerlund and Eva Evers Rosander, 127-161. Athens: Ohio University Press.
Google Scholar
Goldscheider, C., and W. D. Mosher. 1991. Patterns of contraceptive use in the United States: The importance of religious factors. Studies in Family Planning 22 (2): 102-115.
Google Scholar
Gould, S. J. 1995. The Buddhist perspective on business ethics: Experiential exercises for exploration and practice. Journal of Business Ethics 14:63-70.
Google Scholar
Green, R. M. 1997. Guiding principles of Jewish business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 21-30.
Google Scholar
Grier, R. 1997. The effect of religion on economic development: Across national study of 63 former colonies. Kyklos 50 (1): 47-62.
Google Scholar
Griffin, R. W., and M. W. Pustay. 1996. International business: A managerial perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Google Scholar
Gustafson, J. 1984. Ethics from a theocentric perspective: Vol. 2. Ethics and theology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Harvey, B. 1999. “Graceful merchants”: Acontemporary view of Chinese business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics 20 (1): 85-92.
Google Scholar
Hill, C.W.L. 1994. International business: Competing in the global market. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.
Google Scholar
Hirschman, E. C. 1983. Religious affiliation and consumption processes: An initial paradigm. In Research in marketing, vol. 6, edited by J. Sheth, 131-170. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Google Scholar
Hodgson, M.G.S. 1974. The venture of Islam. Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Hotchkiss, G. B. 1938. Milestones in marketing: A brief history of the evolution of market distribution. New York: Macmillan.
Google Scholar
Hout, M., and A. M. Greeley. 1987. The center doesn’t hold: Church attendance in the United States, 1940-1984. American Sociological Review 52 (June): 325-345.
Google Scholar
Humanae vitae. 1968. Pope Paul VI. Vatican City: Papal Encyclical.
Google Scholar
Hunt, S. D. 1981. Macromarketing as a multidimensional concept. Journal of Macromarketing 1 (spring): 7-8.
Google Scholar
Hunt, S. D., and S. Vitell. 1986. Ageneral theory of marketing ethics. Journal of Macromarketing 6 (1): 5-16.
Google Scholar
Ingene, C. A. 1986. The effect of “blue laws” on consumer expenditures of retail. Journal of Macromarketing 6 (fall): 53-71.
Google Scholar
Iyer, G. R. 1999. The impact of religion and reputation in the organization of Indian merchant communities. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing 14 (2): 102-117.
Google Scholar
Karatnycky, A. 1998. Christian democracy resurgent. Foreign Affairs 77 (January/February): 7-12.
Google Scholar
Kaufman, P. 1995. How you can disagree and remain a faithful Catholic. New York: Crossroad.
Google Scholar
Kennedy, E. J., and L. Lawton. 1996. The effects of social and moral integration on ethical standards: Acomparison of American and Ukrainian busi ness students. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (8): 901-911.
Google Scholar
Kennedy, E. J. 1998. Religiousness and business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics 17 (2): 163-175.
Google Scholar
Kilbourne, W., P. McDonagh, and A. Prothero. 1997. Sustainable consumption and the quality of life: Amacromarketing challenge to the dominant social paradigm. Journal of Macromarketing 17 (1): 4-24.
Google Scholar
Klein, T. 1987. Prophets and profits: Amacromarketing perspective on “Eco nomic justice for all: Catholic social teaching and the U.S. economy.” Journal of Macromarketing 7 (spring): 59-77.
Google Scholar
Klein, T. 1997. The influence of religion on marketing institutions. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Macromarketing Conference, vol. 1, edited by Andreas W. Falkenberg and Terri L. Rittenburg. Bergen, Norway: Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration.
Google Scholar
Koehn, D. 1999. What can Eastern philosophy teach us about business ethics? Journal of Business Ethics 19 (1): 71-79.
Google Scholar
Kotabe, M., and K. Helsen. 1998. Global marketing management. New York: John Wiley.
Google Scholar
Krueger, D. A. 1986. The religious nature of practical reason: A way into the debate. Journal of Business Ethics 5:511-519.
Google Scholar
Kumar, K., and M. S. Thibodeaux. 1998. Differences in value systems of Anglo-American and Far Eastern students: Effects of American Business education. Journal of Business Ethics 17 (3): 253-262.
Google Scholar
Kumcu, E., and A. F. Firat. 1988. Marketing and development: Toward broader dimensions. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Google Scholar
Laband, D. N., and D. H. Heinbuch. 1987. Blue laws: The history, economics and politics of Sunday closing laws. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Google Scholar
Landes, D. 2000. Culture makes almost all of the difference. In Culture matters: How values shape human progress, edited by Lawrence E. Harrison and Samuel P. Huntington, 2-13. New York: Basic Books.
Google Scholar
Leahy, T. J. 1986. Embodied ethics: Some common concerns of religion and business. Journal of Business Ethics 5:465-472.
Google Scholar
Lewison, M. 1999. Conflicts of interest? The ethics of usury. Journal of Business Ethics 22 (4): 327-339.
Google Scholar
Marsden, P. 1998. The Taliban: War, religion and the new order in Afghanistan. Karachi: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Matinuddin, K. 1999. The Taliban phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994-1997. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Mazari, A., Jr. 1996. The Iranian economy under the Islamic republic: Institutional change and macroeconomic performance. Cambridge Journal of Economics 20 (May): 289-314.
Google Scholar
McCann, D. P. 1997. Catholic social teaching in an era of downsizing: A resource for business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 57-70.
Google Scholar
McKee, J. L. 1984. Lincoln: The prairie capital, an illustrated history. Woodland Hills, CA: Windsor.
Google Scholar
Milbrath, L. 1989. Envisioning a sustainable society. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Google Scholar
Mittelstaedt, J., T. Klein, and R. Mittelstaedt. 1998. Economies in transition: Evidence of religious effects on models of economic development. In Redoubling efforts: Impact, challenges and opportunities, edited by Clifford J. Shultz II and Jonathan Schoeder, 95-106. Kingston: University of Rhode Island.
Google Scholar
Mittelstaedt, R., and J. Mittelstaedt. 1997. Criteria for a macromarketing theory of competition. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Macromarketing Conference, vol. 2, edited by Andreas W. Falkenberg and Terri L. Rittenburg. Bergen, Norway: Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration
Google Scholar
Mottahedeh, R. 1985. The mantle of the prophet. New York: Pantheon.
Google Scholar
National Catholic Education Association. 1999. Under one banner: The annual report of the National Catholic Educational Association. Washington, DC: National Catholic Educational Association.
Google Scholar
Naughton, M., and G. R. Laczniak. 1993. Atheology of work in the Catholic social tradition. Journal of Business Ethics 12 (12): 981-994.
Google Scholar
Neusner, J. 1990. The economics of the Mishnah. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
Nichols, B. 2000. “World needs Nigeria to succeed”: Clinton lauds African nation’s new democracy as a “brave beginning.” USA Today, 28 August, 11A-11A.
Google Scholar
Noonan, J. T. Jr. 1966. Contraception: A history of its treatment by the Catholic theologians and canonists. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Google Scholar
Onishi, N. 2000. World briefing: Nigeria: New Shariah state. New York Times, 15 June, A6-A6.
Google Scholar
Organization of the Islamic Conference . 1986. Insurance in its various types and forms. Majalla Majma al-Fiqh al-Islami (Journal of the Academy of Islamic Fiqh) 2 (2): 643-651.
Google Scholar
Pava, M. L. 1996. The Talmudic concept of “beyond the letter of the law”: Relevance to business social responsibilities. Journal of Business Ethics 15 (9): 941-950.
Google Scholar
Pava, M. L. 1998a. Developing a religiously grounded business ethics: A Jewish perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly 8 (1): 65-83.
Google Scholar
Pava, M. L. 1998b. The substance of Jewish business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics 17:603-617.
Google Scholar
Peterson, M., and N. K. Malhotra. 1997. Comparative marketing measures of societal quality of life: Substantive dimensions of 186 Countries. Journal of Macromarketing 17 (1): 25-38.
Google Scholar
Piker, S. 1993. Theravada Buddhism and Catholicism: Asocial historical perspective on religious change, with special reference to Centesimus Annus. Journal of Business Ethics 12 (12): 965-973.
Google Scholar
Popham, P. 1999. Taliban slowly relax their religious grip on Kabul, after a fashion. The Independent, 11 January, 14-14.
Google Scholar
Rashid, A. 1995. Nothing to declare: The political voide in Afghanistan has spawned a vast smugglers’ market that is crippling Pakistan’s economy and threatens those of other nations in the region. Far Eastern Economic Review, 11 May, 58-60.
Google Scholar
Reddy, A. C., and D. P. Campbell. 1994. Marketing’s role in economic development. Westport, CT: Quorom.
Google Scholar
Religious News Service . 1999. Few support Baptists’ Disney boycott. San Diego Union Tribune, 26 February, E5-E5.
Google Scholar
Rice, G. 1999. Islamic ethics and the implications for business. Journal of Business Ethics 18:345-358.
Google Scholar
Roberts, K. A. 1990. Religion in sociological perspective. 2d ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Google Scholar
Roels, S. J. 1997. The business ethics and evangelicals. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 109-122.
Google Scholar
Rosenthal, S. A., and R. A. Buchholz. 2000. Rethinking business ethics: A pragmatic approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Rossauw, G. J. 1994. Business ethics: Where have all the Christians gone? Journal of Business Ethics 13:557-570.
Google Scholar
Saleh, N. A. 1986. Unlawful gain and legitimate profit in Islamic law: Riba, Gharar and Islamic banking. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Schacht, J. 1964. An introduction to Islamic law. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
Google Scholar
Siker, L.V.W., J. A. Donahue, and R. M. Green. 1991. Does your religion make a difference in your business ethics? The case of Consolidated Foods. Journal of Business Ethics 10:819-832.
Google Scholar
Silver, M. 1983. Prophets and markets: The political economy of ancient Israel. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.
Google Scholar
Singhapakdi, A., S. Salyachivin, B. Virakul, and V. Veerayangkur. 2000. Some important factors underlying ethical decision making of managers in Thailand. Journal of Business Ethics 27 (3): 271-284.
Google Scholar
Snell, R. S. 1999. Obedience to authority and ethical dilemmas in Hong Kong companies. Business Ethics Quarterly 9 (3): 507-526.
Google Scholar
St. John-Stevas, N. 1971. The agonising choice: Birth control, religion and the law. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
Google Scholar
Stackhouse, M. L., D. P. McCann, S. J. Roels, and P. N. Williams. 1995. On moral business: Classical and contemporary resources for ethics in economic life. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.
Google Scholar
Tamari, M. 1997. The challenge of wealth: Jewish business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 45-56.
Google Scholar
U.S. News & World Report. 1999. America’s best colleges. Washington, DC: U.S. News & World Report.
Google Scholar
Vandewalle, D. 1997. Islam in Algeria: Religion, culture, and opposition in a rentier state. In Political Islam: Revolution, radicalism or reform? edited by John L. Esposito, 33-52. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Google Scholar
Velasquez, B., and N. Brady. 1997. Catholic natural law and business ethics. Business Ethics Quarterly 7 (2): 83-108.
Google Scholar
Ward, W. A. 2000. Globalization and its implications: The size and location of manufacturing sector export firms in South Carolina. Clemson University Center for International Trade, Working Paper Series.
Google Scholar
Watt, W. M. 1961. Muhammad, prophet and statesman. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Weber, M. 1904-1905. The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Translated by T. Parsons. New York: Charles Scribner’s.
Google Scholar
Whitcomb, L. L., C. B. Erdener, and C. Li. 1998. Business ethical values in China and the U.S. Journal of Business Ethics 17 (8): 839-852.
Google Scholar
Williams, O. F. 1993. Catholic social teaching: Acommunitarian democratic capitalism for the new world order. Journal of Business Ethics 12 (12): 919-932.
Google Scholar
Wilson, R. 1997. Economics, ethics and religion: Jewish, Christian and Muslim economic thought. New York: New York University Press.
Google Scholar
Woodward, P. 1997. Sudan: Islamic radicals in power. In Political Islam: Revolution, radicalism or reform? edited by John L. Esposito, 95-114. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Google Scholar
Wright, R. 1999. Letters from Teheran: We invite the hostages to return. The New Yorker 75 (33): 38-47.
Google Scholar

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Volume 22, Issue 1
Pages: 6 - 18
Article first published: June 2002
Issue published: June 2002

Rights and permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

John D. Mittelstaedt
Clemson University, College of Business and Behavior Science, 245 Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634-1325; Academy of International Economic Affairs in Taiwan[email protected]
View all articles by this author

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Journal of Macromarketing.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 314

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016

Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 0

Crossref: 0

  1. Motivations fluidity: the effect of cultural factors on the formation ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  2. Curbing unethical consumer behaviour: the role of religiosity, consume...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  3. Risky mindset: prior exposure to risk increases utilitarian choices in...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  4. Green Consumerism: A Cross-Cultural Linguistic and Sentiment Analysis ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  5. A Moderated Moderation Effects of Employer Branding and Religiosity on...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. Finansal Durum ve Ticari Hayat ile İlgili Söylemlerin Cuma Hutbelerind...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  7. Determinations of system justification versus psychological reactance ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  8. Instagram no Mercado da Moda Modesta: Análise pela Ótica das Estrutura...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  9. Instagram in the Modest Fashion Market: Analysis by the Perspective of...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. Beliefs to Behaviors: How Religiosity Alters Perceptions of CSR Initia...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. A Review of Culture-Bound Approaches to International Marketing and Tr...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. Spirituality and ethical treatment of customers and employees by devou...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. Dindarlığın Helal Gıda Satın Alma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisinde Helal Gı...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  14. Toward a divine economic system: Understanding exchanges in a religiou...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. Influence of CEOs’ religious affiliations on firms’ advertising spendi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  16. A Panoramic Review of the Macromarketing Literature
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  17. Laudato si’ – A Macromarketing Manifesto for a Just and Sustainable En...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  18. Trust and Trustworthiness of Christians, Muslims, and Atheists/Agnosti...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  19. The Rise of Islamic Luxury
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  20. Malay Muslim Religious Ideology: Representations of Gendered Beauty Id...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  21. Spirituality as a Predictor of Psychological Well-Being: An Explanator...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  22. Islamic marketing and consumer behaviour: a systematic literature revi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  23. Understanding New Religion-Compliant Product Adoption (NRCPA) in Islam...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  24. The invisible identity in a visible world: how religiosity mediates co...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  25. Marketing Preventive Health to Baby Boomers: What if Unhealthy Lifesty...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  26. Sustainable development and Buddhist economics in Thailand
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  27. Consumer transits and religious identities: towards a syncretic consum...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  28. Consumer spirituality
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  29. The changing dichotomy between the sacred and the profane: a historica...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  30. Buying behaviour and symbolic consumption of food and alcoholic bevera...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  31. Taboo on TV: gender, religion, and sexual taboos in transnationally ma...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  32. Religious Orientations and Consumer Ethics...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  33. Faith-filled brands: The interplay of religious branding and brand eng...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  34. Teaching belief systems in marketing classes
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  35. Islamic symbols in food packaging and purchase intention of Muslim con...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  36. An Islamic macromarketing perspective on sustainability
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  37. Holy Mary Goes ’Round...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  38. Harnessing the Power of Religion...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  39. Religion-motivated Enterprises in the Marketplace...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  40. Book Review: The Cure for Consumerism
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  41. Brands and Religion in the Secularized Marketplace and Workplace: Insi...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  42. Religion, Markets, and Digital Media: Seeking Halal Food in the U.S.
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  43. Religion-Related Research in the Journal of Macromarketing, 1981-2014
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  44. Thou Shall Not? The Influence of Religion on Beliefs of Stewardship an...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  45. “Whatever Works”...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  46. A Mixed Blessing: Market-mediated Religious Authority in Neopaganism
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  47. Development and Quality of Life in Turkey...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  48. Impact of culture on religiosity, cosmopolitanism and ethnocentrism
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  49. Macromarketing approaches to thought development in positive marketing...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  50. General insurance marketing: A review and future research agenda
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  51. Building holistic brands: an exploratory study of Halal cosmetics
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  52. Using rational and emotional appeals in online advertisements for Musl...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  53. Islamic marketing as macromarketing
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  54. Influence of religiosity on retail salespeople's ethical perceptions: ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  55. PERSPECTIVE —How Does Religion Matter and Why? Religion ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  56. The Effects of Religious Symbols in Product Packaging on Muslim Consum...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  57. Faith and entrepreneurship among the British African‐Caribbean
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  58. How do Muslim consumers perceive service quality?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  59. Analyzing the Issue of Respect and Trust: Determining the Mediating Ro...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  60. Globalization, Consumer Tensions, and the Shaping of Consumer Culture ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  61. Media Review: Sita Sings the Blues
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  62. From Right to Responsibility: Sustainable Change in Water Consumption
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  63. The current world business meltdown: Islamic religion as a regulator
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  64. Consumer Responses to Christian Religious Symbols in Advertising
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  65. The constructs mediating religions' influence on buyers and consumers
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  66. Veiling in Style: How Does a Stigmatized Practice Become Fashionable?
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  67. Religion, religiosity, and South Korean consumer switching behaviors
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  68. Applying Catholic Social Teachings to Ethical Issues in Marketing
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  69. Bibliography
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  70. Marketing and religion
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  71. Constructing and Representing the Islamic Consumer in Turkey
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  72. Macromarketing as Agorology: Macromarketing Theory and the Study of th...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  73. Macromarketing: Past, Present, and Possible Future
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  74. Spirituality, Religion, and Globalization
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  75. When Is a Hierarchy Not a Hierarchy? Factors Associated with Different...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:

Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Subscribe to this journal

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

Start 2 week free trial
Need help?

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub
Download PDF

Also from Sage