Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Research article
First published December 2006

Alleviating Poverty: A Macro/Micro Marketing Perspective

Abstract

The poor represent not only a disgraceful human condition but also a huge potential market if marketers can find ways to serve their needs. But the poor differ greatly from each other in their needs, perceptions, and behavior. Marketers need to apply their skills in market segmentation to distinguish different poverty groups and thus to invoke effective plans and policies to alleviate poverty. Decisions must be made on which poverty segments to target and which social marketing solutions have the best chance of motivating poverty-escaping behavior, to the long-term welfare of individuals, nations, and the global community.

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

1. One may want to focus on the “early adopter” segments, namely, those who respond first to opportunities for change and improvement. Early adopters who experience successful outcomes will advertise the success by word of mouth, the lowest cost and most effective method of sharing good news.

References

Adato, M., A. Ahmed, and F. Lund. 2005. Linking safety nets, social protection, and poverty reduction–Directions for Africa. Conference brief prepared for the conference on Assuring Food and Nutrition Security in Africa by 2020: Prioritizing Actions, Strengthening Actors, and Facilitating Partnerships, Kampala, Uganda, April 1-3, 2004. http://www.ifpri.org/2020africaconference (accessed March 7, 2005).
Aleem, I. 1993. Imperfect information, screening, and the costs of informal lending: A study of a rural credit market in Pakistan. In The economics of rural organization: Theory, practice, and policy, edited by K. Hoff, A. Braverman, and J. Stiglitz, 131-153. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chen, S., D. Gaurav, and M. Ravallion. 1994. Is poverty increasing in the developing world? Review of Income and Wealth 40 (December): 359-376.
Dholakia, R., and N. Dholakia. 2001. Social marketing and development. In Handbook on marketing and society, edited by P. N. Bloom and G. T. Gundlack. Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
Domar, E. 1957. Essays in the theory of economic growth. New York: Oxford University Press.
Friedman, T. 2005. The world is flat: A brief history of the globalized world in the 21st century. London: Penguin Books.
Gladwell, M. 2000. The tipping point: How little things can make a big difference. New York: Little, Brown.
Goedhart, T., V. Halberstadt, A. Kapteyn, and B. van Praag. 1977. The poverty line: Concept and measurement. Journal of Human Resources 12:503-520.
Grantmakers in Health Resource Center. 2005. Shoring up the safety net: Findings from the Grantmakers in Health Study of Philanthropic Strategies to Support Communities under Stress. http://www.gih.org/%20usr_doc/safety_net_finding.pdf (accessed July 8, 2005); and Agency for Health Care Administration, Safety Net Project Background.http://www.MyFlorida.com (accessed July 8, 2005).
Gunatilaka, R., and P. A. Kiriwandeniya. 1999. Protection for the vulnerable. Workshop presentation for a Policy Framework for Poverty Reduction in Sri Lanka, October 1999.
Hagenaars, A. 1986. The perception of poverty. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Harrod, R. F. 1948. Towards a dynamic economics. London: Macmillan.
Inter-American Development Bank. 1998. Facing up to inequality in Latin America. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
Keynes, J. M. 1936. The general theory of employment, interest and money. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Kotler, P., N. Roberto, and N. Lee. 2002. Social marketing: Improving the quality of life. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mpagi, J. 2002. Social protection in Uganda: A study to inform the development of a framework for social protection in the context of the Poverty Eradication Action Plan. Phase 1 report, Social Protection Task Force, Uganda, October, 2002. http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/pvty/pdffiles/UgandaCh1-2.pdf (accessed July 8, 2005).
Narayan, D. 1994. The contribution of people's participation: Evidence from 121 rural water supply projects. Environmentally Sustainable Development Occasional Paper Series 1. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Narayan, D. 2002. Empowerment and poverty reduction: A sourcebook. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Narayan, D., and D. Nyamwaya. 1996. Learning from the poor: A participatory poverty assessment in Kenya. Environment Department Paper 34. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Ong, B. N. 1996. Rapid appraisal and health policy. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.
Prahalad, C. K. 2005. The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid: Eradicating poverty through profits. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing.
Sen, A. 1981. Poverty and famines: An essay on entitlement and deprivation. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
Sen, A. 1984. Resources, values, and development. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
Sen, A. 1999. Development as freedom. New York: Knopf.
Stiglitz, J. 2002. Globalization and its discontents. New York: Norton.
United Nations Development Programme. 1996. Economic growth and human development. Human development report 1996. New York: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Development Programme. 2003. Millennium development goals: A compact among nations to end human poverty. Human Development Report 2003. New York: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Population Fund. 1997-2005. United Nations fund for population activities. New York: United Nations.
Vian, T. 2001. Rapid needs assessment following cyclone disaster in Madagascar. A paper presented at the 129th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, October 24.
Webb, S., and B. Webb. 1910. English poor law policy. London: Longmans, Green.
World Bank. 1980. World development report 1980. New York: Oxford University Press.
World Bank. 1990. World development report 1990: Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.
World Bank. 1994. Zambia poverty assessment. Vol. 5, Participatory poverty assessment. November 30. Washington, DC.
World Bank. 1998. Note on poverty in the Republic of Tajikistan. Prepared for the Consultative Group Meeting, May 20. Washington, DC.
World Bank. 2000. World development report 2000/2001: Attacking poverty. New York: Oxford University Press.

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Article first published: December 2006
Issue published: December 2006

Keywords

  1. poverty
  2. poverty solutions
  3. market segmentation
  4. social welfare
  5. social marketing

Rights and permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Philip Kotler
Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, 2001 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL 60208; phone: (847) 491-3522; [email protected];[email protected]
Tony Leisner
School of Public Policy and administration at Walden University

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in Journal of Macromarketing.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 1502

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016


Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 0

Crossref: 58

  1. A stakeholder perspective on poverty reduction through the implementat...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  2. Special section – The moral legitimatisation of money and debt in cons...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  3. References
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  4. Consumer Well-Being, Consumer Sentiment
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  5. The determinants of household poverty: the case of berehet woreda, amh...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. “Socially Responsible Marketing” To, With, and For Impoverished Popula...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  7. Post-COVID-19 Consumers’ Cautious and Virtuous Mindsets: New Marketing...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  8. Drivers, Barriers, and Facilitators of Entrepreneurship at BoP: Review...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  9. Base of the pyramid producers’ constraints: An integrated review and r...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. Promoting Bank Usage Habits in Africa’s Savings Mobilization Programs:...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. Sustainable Marketing: Market-Driving, Not Market-Driven
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. Laudato si’ – A Macromarketing Manifesto for a Just and Sustainable En...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. Towards a Tourism and Community-Development Framework: An African Pers...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  14. Consumption of Bottled Water at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Who Purchas...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. Informal Cross Border Trade as a Substratum Marketing System: A Review...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  16. Perspectives on Macromarketing in the African Context: Introduction to...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  17. Systems social marketing: a critical appraisal
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  18. Analysis on STP Strategies of Pyeong Chang Alpensia Resort
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  19. Marketing Practices of Rural Micro and Small Businesses in Ghana...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  20. Government-led Macro-social Marketing Programs in Vietnam...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  21. On nudging MNE towards SDG1: a policy perspective
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  22. Rethinking the bottom of the pyramid...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  23. Catalysing innovation for social impact: The role of social enterprise...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  24. Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Moving between br...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  25. BOP research meets macromarketing: content analysis of BOP-related res...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  26. Harnessing the Potential of the Grassroots Innovators: Inversion of t...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  27. Transforming Poverty-Related Policy with Intersectionality
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  28. Developing greener food value chains: environmentally friendly tomato ...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  29. Developing Customer Solutions for Subsistence Marketplaces in Emerging...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  30. Choosing Concepts and Measurements of Poverty: A Comparison of Three M...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  31. Poverty in consumer culture: towards a transformative social represent...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  32. International market segmentation
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  33. Subsistence Consumer-Merchant Marketplace Deviance in Marketing System...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  34. Poverty and Intersectionality...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  35. Segmenting nonprofit stakeholders to enable successful relationship ma...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  36. Subsistence and Sustainability...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  37. ‘1L=10L for Africa’: Corporate social responsibility and the transform...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  38. Remediating food deserts, food swamps, and food brownfields: helping t...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  39. Corporate social responsibility at the base of the pyramid
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  40. The Role of Culture in Reducing Poverty - A Focus on Poverty Reduction...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  41. Failure is a stepping stone for success
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  42. Targeting firm social strategy at the community level in subsistence m...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  43. On the diffusion of toilets as bottom of the pyramid innovation: Lesso...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  44. Building the BoP Producer Ecosystem: The E...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  45. Critical Literacy Programs: Can Business Literacy be a Catalyst for Ec...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  46. The make-buy decision in marketing financial services for poverty alle...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  47. How the poor in a developing country view business' contribution to qu...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  48. Managing and Leveraging Poverty: Implications for Teaching Internation...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  49. Ingraining Product-Relevant Social Good into Business Processes in Sub...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  50. Putting Patients First...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  51. Macromarketing, controversy and economic development
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  52. The Paradoxical Relationships between Marketing and Vulnerability
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  53. Marketing to the Poor: An Integrative Justice Model for Engaging Impov...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  54. Exploring the Digital Divide in Mobile-phone Adoption Levels across Co...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  55. Ethics and Public Policy Implications of Research on Consumer Well-Bei...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  56. Improving Income Positions of Primary Producers in International Marke...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  57. Buyer–Seller Information Asymmetry: Challenges to Distributive and Cor...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  58. Distributive Justice: Pressing Questions, Emerging Directions, and the...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:


Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub