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First published online July 31, 2009

The Concept of Ego Threat in Social and Personality Psychology: Is Ego Threat a Viable Scientific Construct?

Mark R. Leary, Meredith L. Terry, Ashley Batts Allen, and Eleanor B. TateView all authors and affiliations
Volume 13, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868309342595

Abstract

Although widely invoked as an explanation for psychological phenomena, ego threat has been conceptualized and induced in a variety of ways. Most contemporary research conceptualizes ego threat as a threat to a person’s self-image or self-esteem, but experimental operationalizations of ego threat usually confound threats to self-esteem with threats to public image or decreased control over negative events, leading to an inability to distinguish the effects of threats to people’s personal egos from threats to public image or threats to feelings of control. This article reviews research on ego threat, discusses experimental manipulations that confound ego threat with other processes, and makes recommendations regarding the use of ego threat as a construct in personality and social psychology.

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1. Baumeister, Smart, and Boden (1996) used the term threatened egotism to refer to events that challenge people’s positive self-views, a term that highlights an additional issue regarding ego threats that are conceptualized as threats to self-esteem—the threatened person’s pre-threat level of self-esteem. A distinction can be made between people who have justified high self-esteem versus inflated self-esteem, and research suggests that threats to artificially inflated self-esteem can lead to aggressive responses (Baumeister et al., 1996). For the purposes of our article, the distinction between threats to justified versus inflated self-esteem is of little consequence. Rather, what matters is that the person perceives the situation as a threat to his or her self-esteem whether it is justified or excessive.

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Volume 13, Issue 3
Pages: 151 - 164
Article first published online: July 31, 2009
Issue published: August 2009

Keywords

  1. self-identity
  2. ego threat
  3. threat to self-esteem

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Mark R. Leary
Duke University, Durham, NC, [email protected]
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Meredith L. Terry
Duke University, Durham, NC
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Ashley Batts Allen
Duke University, Durham, NC
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Eleanor B. Tate
Duke University, Durham, NC
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