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First published online January 20, 2011

Intersectionality as multi-level analysis: Dealing with social inequality

Gabriele Winker and Nina DegeleView all authors and affiliations
Volume 18, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506810386084

Abstract

The concept of intersectionality is on its way to becoming a new paradigm in gender studies. In its current version, it denominates reciprocities between gender, race and class. However, it also allows for the integration of other socially defined categories, such as sexuality, nationality or age. On the other hand, it is widely left unclear as to which level these reciprocal effects apply: the level of social structures, the level of constructions of identity or the level of symbolic representations. This article advocates an intersectional multi-level analysis which takes into account reciprocal effects between the various levels. This approach includes an analytical grasp of and methodical reflection on these reciprocal effects as well as making them empirically accessible.

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1.
1. Due to our definition of the structural construction of gender through heteronormative gender relations, sexuality is not a separate fourth category on the structural level as for example in Weber (2001) and Verloo (2006).
2.
2. Furthermore, Sirma Bilge accuses both liberal universal feminism and postcolonial critiques in her study of the agency of veiled Muslim women of not looking for anything beyond race, class or gender to explain the wearing of the veil. ‘While both currents intend to speak of women — whether generic “women” or “racialised/subaltern” ones — both fail to address the reasons most frequently given by veiled women; questions of piety, morality, modesty, virtue and divinity’ (Bilge, 2010: 14).

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Published In

Volume 18, Issue 1
Pages: 51 - 66
Article first published online: January 20, 2011
Issue published: February 2011

Keywords

  1. body
  2. class
  3. gender
  4. identity
  5. inequality
  6. intersectionality
  7. methodology
  8. multi-level analysis
  9. race
  10. representation
  11. social structure

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Authors

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Gabriele Winker
Hamburg University of Technology, Germany, [email protected]
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Nina Degele
University of Freiburg, Germany
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