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First published May 2001

The Problem of Candidate Selection and Models of Party Democracy

Richard S. KatzView all authors and affiliations
Volume 7, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068801007003002

Abstract

Candidate selection is vital to political parties but it also poses a dilemma, which is particularly acute in the cartel party, stemming from the position of MPs as both the base of the party in public office and the delegates of the party on the ground. One response is for leaders to democratize candidate selection in form, while centralizing control in practice. An inclusive but unorganized selectorate may give the appearance of democracy without the substance.

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1 `Common harlots of the Treasury bench' as British government MPs were once described. Or in W. S. Gilbert's words in the operetta Iolanthe:
When in that House, MPs divide
If they've a brain and cerebellum too
They have to leave that brain outside
And vote just as their leaders tell 'em to.
2 `The political function of elections in a democracy, we assume, is to select a government. Therefore rational behavior in connection with elections is behavior oriented toward this end and no other. Let us assume a certain man prefers party A for political reasons, but his wife has a tantrum whenever he fails to vote for party B. It is perfectly rational personally for this man to vote for party B if preventing his wife's tantrum is more important to him than having A win instead of B' (Downs, 1957: 7). Although Downs' theory depends heavily on this assumption about voters, the assumed use of policy by parties as an enticement to voters rather than as an end in itself suggests that this distinction between private and political rationality is not intended to apply to politicians.
3 As with the elite party, there is potential for oxymoron here, since the top parliamentary party leaders and the top extra-parliamentary party leaders frequently were the same people. This problem remains theoretically significant with the catch-all party as well.
4 An obvious example, at least at the rhetorical level, is the Belgian Flemish ecology party, Anders Gaan Leven, literally `another way of living'.

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Published In

Volume 7, Issue 3
Pages: 277 - 296
Article first published: May 2001
Issue published: May 2001

Keywords

  1. Cartel Party
  2. democracy
  3. nomination

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