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First published May 2000

Ingroup Bias and Self-Esteem: A Meta-Analysis

Christopher L. Aberson, Michael Healy, and Victoria RomeroView all authors and affiliations
Volume 4, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_04

Abstract

A meta-analysis examined the relation between self-esteem and ingroup bias. The project focused on effects of ingroup bias strategy and measurement of self-esteem. Results indicated that high-self-esteem individuals exhibited more ingroup bias than did low-self-esteem individuals. Bias strategy and self-esteem measurement moderated this relation. When using “direct” ingroup bias strategies, high-self-esteem individuals showed more bias than did low-self-esteem individuals. When using “indirect” strategies, groups exhibited comparable amounts of bias. Results were comparable for collective and personal self-esteem measures. Examination of specific collective measures indicated that self-esteem defined by the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (Luhtanen & Crocker, 1992) did not predict differences in ingroup bias, whereas group identification measures did predict differences in ingroup bias. Results are interpreted as indicating that both high and low-self-esteem individuals exhibit ingroup bias; however, expression of ingroup bias by individuals with low self-esteem is constrained by situational factors. Furthermore, individual-level factors such as personal self-esteem may be useful in predicting collective enhancement.

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1 This corollary has received considerable empirical attention. However, it never has been endorsed by the theory's authors, Henri Tajfel and John C. Turner (Long & Spears, 1997; Turner, 1999).
2 Table 1 deletes comparisons that did not yield effect size estimates. As a result, three studies (Brickson, 1994; Crocker & Schwartz, 1985; Thompson & Crocker, 1990) included in the meta-analysis are excluded from the table.

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Volume 4, Issue 2
Pages: 157 - 173
Article first published: May 2000
Issue published: May 2000

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Christopher L. Aberson
Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College
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Victoria Romero
Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University
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