초록

본 논문의 목적은 양극화의 원인과 효과에 대한 이론적인 분석을 시도하고 분석결과로부터 규범적·제도적 함의를 제시하는 것이다. 이러한 작업을 위해 선거경쟁에 대한 일반이론을 제시하고 이에 입각한 공간모형을 제시한다. 이 글의 공간모형은 경제적 양극화와 정파적 계층화가 미국 의회의 비대칭적 양극화를 초래했다는 맥카티 등(McCarty et al. 2006)의 발견에 대한 이론적 근거를 제시한다. 본 논문은 후보의 유인가치(valences)에 대한 광고가 선거결과를 지배하는 선거경쟁이 시장화된 선거경쟁이라 정의한다. 공간모형 분석은 또한 정치경쟁의 시장거래화가 심화될수록 거액기부자의 입장을 더 반영하는 비대칭적 양극화가 심해진다는 결과를 도출한다. 이러한 결과에 대한 제도적 함의는 정치경쟁이 시장거래화된 국가에서는 인물투표 및 불균등한 기부를 억제하는 제도 개혁이 필요하다는 것이다.

키워드

정치적·경제적 양극화, 정치거래, 시장거래화, 인물투표, 불균등 기부

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