Comparative Examination of Cats with Feline Leukemia Virus-associated Enteritis and Other Relevant Forms of Feline Enteritis
Abstract
Materials and Methods
Animals and tissue processing
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Cat No. | Age | Sex∗ | Clinical History |
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1 | 2.5 years | F | Apathy, cachexia, rhinitis |
2 | Unknown | F | No specific symptoms |
3 | 4 months | M | No specific symptoms |
4 | 8 months | M | Anemia, vomiting, diarrhea, flea infestation |
5 | 1 year | F | Hemorrhagic diarrhea |
6 | Unknown | F | Leukopenia, diarrhea |
7 | 12 years | F | Hemorrhagic diarrhea |
8 | 3 years | MC | Oral ulcers, anemia |
9 | Adult | F | No specific symptoms |
10 | 8 years | F | Vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea |
11 | 5 years | F | Gingivitis, chronic diarrhea |
12 | 6 years | MC | Apathy, dehydration, rhinitis |
13 | 2 years | M | Apathy, anorexia, mediastinal lymphoma, dyspnea |
14 | 8 years | F | Weight loss, chronic anorexia |
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Cat No. | Age | Sex∗ | Diagnosis | FeLV Immunohistology |
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1 | 2 months | M | CoV enteritis | Nagative |
2 | 2.5 years | MC | CoV enteritis | Nagative |
3 | 1 year | FC | CoV enteritis | Nagative |
4 | 7 years | M | CoV enteritis | Nagative |
5 | 9 months | F | PV enteritis | Nagative |
6 | 1 year | M | PV enteritis | Nagative |
7 | 3 weeks | M | PV enteritis | Nagative |
8 | 6 weeks | F | PV enteritis | Nagative |
9 | Juvenile | M | PV enteritis | Nagative |
10 | 6 months | F | PV enteritis | Nagative |
11 | Juvenile | F | PV enteritis | Nagative |
12 | Juvenile | M | PV enteritis | Nagative |
13 | 5 weeks | M | PV enteritis | Nagative |
14 | 6 weeks | F | PV enteritis | Nagative |
15 | 4 months | F | PV enteritis | Nagative |
16 | 5 months | M | PV enteritis | Nagative |
17 | 7 months | M | PV enteritis | Nagative |
18 | 4 years | F | PV enteritis | Positive |
19 | Juvenile | M | PV enteritis | Positive |
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Cat No. | Age | Sex∗ | Clinical History |
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1 | 4.75 years | M | Anemia, anorexia, vomiting |
2 | Unknown | M | Anemia, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea |
3 | 1 year | F | Anorexia, vomiting |
4 | 9 weeks | M | No specific symptoms |
5 | Adult | M | Weight loss, fever, dyspnea |
6 | 3 months | F | Apathy, vomiting |
7 | Kitten | M | Severe diarrhea |
8 | Adult | M | Vomiting, watery diarrhea |
9 | Adult | F | Alopecia, gingivitis, hemorrhagic diarrhea |
10 | 8 years | M | Polydipsia |
11 | Adult | M | Icterus, diarrhea |
12 | Unknown | F | No specific symptoms |
13 | Adult | M | Vomiting, rhinitis, convulsions |
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Cat No. | Age | Sex∗ | Main Diagnosis |
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1 | Adult | M | Pneumonia |
2 | Adult | M | Pneumonia |
3 | 1 year | F | Rhinitis |
4 | 1.75 years | M | No specific alterations |
5 | 5 years | F | Nephritis, glomerular amyloidosis |
6 | 3 years | M | Mediastinal lymphoma |
7 | 6 months | F | Fibrinopurulent pleuritis |
8 | Adult | F | Pneumonia |
9 | 2 years | M | Nasal foreign body |
10 | 2 years | M | Pneumonia |
11 | 13 years | M | Necrotizing myocarditis |
12 | 3 years | M | Nonsuppurative leptomeningitis |
13 | 4 years | M | Chronic pyogranulomatous dermatitis |
14 | 6 years | M | Purulent myocarditis |
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Cat No. | Age | Sex∗ | Main Diagnosis |
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1 | 1 year | M | Pelvic fracture with necrotizing inflammation at site of surgery |
2 | 4 months | F | Anemia, emaciation, flea infestation |
3 | Adult | F | Ovarian cyst, uterine leiomyomas |
4 | Adult | F | Metastasizing mammary adenocarcinoma |
5 | 3.5 years | F | Liver dystrophy |
6 | 10 years | F | Purulent endometritis |
7 | 2 years | M | Chylothorax |
8 | 2–3 years | M | No specific alterations |
9 | 7 years | M | Trauma |
10 | 10 years | M | Chronic interstitial nephritis, pyelitis |
11 | Adult | F | Chronic pancreatitis, chronic interstitial nephritis, pyometra |
12 | 6 months | F | Nonsuppurative myelitis |
13 | 8 years | M | Chronic interstitial nephritis |
14 | 4 months | F | Pneumonia |
15 | 3 months | M | Trauma |
16 | 9 months | M | Trauma |
17 | 5 years | M | Trauma |
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Scoring system for histopathologic alterations
Immunohistology
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Antibodies∗ | Source |
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Mouse anti-FeLV∗ gp70 (C11D82i)26,27 | Custom Monoclonals International, West Sacramento, CA |
FeLV p27 (PF12J-10A)26,27 | Custom Monoclonals International |
FeLV p15E (PF6J-2A)26,27 | Custom Monoclonals International |
CoV# p56 (FCV3-70)24,25 | Custom Monoclonals International |
Canine PV§ (CPV1-2)26 | Custom Monoclonals International |
Human myeloid/histiocyte antigen (MAC 387)11,14,23,24 | Dako Diagnostika GmbH, Hamburg, Germany |
Rabbit anti-human CD33,23,24 | Dako Diagnostika GmbH |
Rat anti-mouse CD45R (B220)10,23,24,34 | Cedar Lane Laboratories Limited, Hornby, Canada |
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Scoring system for immunohistology
In situ hybridization for the demonstration of PV genome
Polymerase chain reaction for exogenous FeLV DNA
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Group† | n | FeLV Antigen | FeLV DNA | PV Antigen | CoV Antigen |
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I | 14 | 14/14 | 4/6 | 0/14 | 1/14 |
II | 17 | 2/17 | 0/1 | 15/17 | 2/17 |
III | 13 | 0/13 | 0/13 | 0/13 | 0/13 |
IV | 14 | 14/14 | 1/1 | 0/14 | 0/14 |
V | 14 | 0/14 | 0/3 | 0/14 | 0/14 |
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Bacteriologic examinations
Transmission electron microscopy
Results
Case histories
Histopathologic findings and immunohistologic characterization of infiltrating leukocytes in the jejunum
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Group∗ | Mild | Moderate | Marked | Severe |
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Histologic alterations | ||||
I | — | 8 (57%) | 3 (21%) | 3 (21%) |
II | — | — | 4 (24%) | 13 (76%) |
III | — | 3 (21%) | 8 (62%) | 2 (15%) |
Infiltration | ||||
I | 4 (29%) | 9 (64%) | 1 (7%) | — |
II | 13 (76%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (12%) | — |
III | 3 (23%) | 9 (69%) | 1 (8%) | — |
IV | 12 (86%) | 2 (14%) | — | — |
V | 16 (94%) | 1 (6%) | — | — |
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FAE (group I)
PV and CoV enteritis (group II)
EUE (group III)
Cats without intestinal epithelial cell alterations (groups IV and V)
Immunohistologic demonstration of viral antigens (FeLV, CoV, PV), transmission electron microscopy for viral particles, and ISH for the demonstration of PV genome in the jejunum
FAE (group I)
Cats with intestinal alterations of other viral etiology (group II)
EUE (group III)
FeLV-positive cats without intestinal alterations (group IV)
FeLV-negative cats without intestinal epithelial cell alterations (group V)
Histopathologic findings, cellular composition, and expression of FeLV antigens in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and bone marrow
Spleen
Depletion |
Hyperplasia |
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Group∗ | Massive | Moderate | Mild | Normal Activity | Mild | Moderate |
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Spleen | ||||||
I | - | - | - | 7 (50%) | 4 (29%) | 3 (21%) |
II | 4 (25%) | 4 (25%) | 7 (44%) | 1 (6%) | - | - |
III | 1 (8%) | 4 (31%) | 3 (23%) | 5 (38%) | - | - |
IV | - | 2 (14%) | 4 (29%) | 2 (14%) | 4 (29%) | 2 (14%) |
V | - | - | 5 (29%) | 11 (65%) | 1 (6%) | - |
Mesenteric lymph nodes | ||||||
I | - | - | - | 7 (70%) | 2 (20%) | 1 (10%) |
II | 9 (64%) | 2 (14%) | 2 (14%) | 1 (7%) | - | 1 (7%) |
III | - | - | 2 (67%) | - | 1 (33%) | - |
IV | - | 3 (18%) | 7 (54%) | 4 (31%) | 1 (8%) | - |
V | - | - | 13 (76%) | 1 (6%) | - | - |
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Mesenteric lymph nodes
Bone marrow
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Activity
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Group∗ | Panmyelophthisis | Weak | Moderate | Marked | Very High |
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I | — | 2 (14%) | 6 (43%) | 5 (36%) | 1 (7%) |
II | 3 (23%) | 5 (29%) | 5 (29%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (12%) |
III | — | 1 (8%) | 5 (39%) | 6 (46%) | 1 (8%) |
IV | — | 2 (14%) | 5 (36%) | 5 (36%) | 2 (14%) |
V | — | 3 (18%) | 8 (47%) | 5 (30%) | 1 (6%) |
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PCR for exogenous FeLV DNA
Microbiology
Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
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