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This study investigated the potential use of low cost photocatalyst, Periwinkle shell ash (PSA) for the batch photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene in aqueous solutions. The effect of contact time, initial naphthalene concentration,... more
This study investigated the potential use of low cost photocatalyst, Periwinkle shell ash (PSA) for the batch photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene in aqueous solutions. The effect of contact time, initial naphthalene concentration, PSA dosage, presence of electron accepting oxidant (H2O2), and the pH of solution on the percentage photodegradation of naphthalene determined. For the treatment conditions considered in this study, the optimum values were obtained to be: contact time, 210 minutes; initial naphthalene concentration, 25 mg/L; PSA dosage, 2 g; pH, 9. The addition of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) enhanced the photodegradation process with almost 100 percent degradation achieved. The adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm equation (R 2 =0.993) indicating mono layer type adsorption while the kinetics of the process was well described by the Langmuir- Hinshelwood kinetic model with high correlation coefficient value (R 2 =0.998). This study has demonstrated that the low cost photocatalyst, PSA can be used for removal of naphthalene from aqueous solution. Also the kinetic information obtained can be used for designing treatment systems for naphthalene abatement.
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The effect of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) detergent on the activity of cassava fermenting enzymes was investigated for 72 hrs. Enzymatic assay methods were used to determine the activity of cassava fermenting enzymes: cellulase,... more
The effect of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) detergent on the activity of cassava fermenting enzymes was investigated for 72 hrs. Enzymatic assay methods were used to determine the activity of cassava fermenting enzymes: cellulase, α-amylase, pectin methyl esterase and phosphorylase. The cassava fermenting media were made up of LAS detergent concentration of between 1g/L to 5g/L. The results show that the LAS detergent of 2g/L and 3g/L gave optimum enzyme activity. The order of enzyme activity was pectin methyl esterase > α-amylase > phosphorylase > cellulase.
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ABSTRACT Efficient design, controllability and operability of waste water treatment plants that adopt the activated sludge reactor (ASR) system require an understanding of how the process works. This is often achieved via mathematical... more
ABSTRACT Efficient design, controllability and operability of waste water treatment plants that adopt the activated sludge reactor (ASR) system require an understanding of how the process works. This is often achieved via mathematical modelling of the process. In this work, a dynamic model of an activated sludge reactor system was formulated and validated against experimental data. The formulated model was validated by estimating some of the model parameters. The model which is a system of differential and algebraic equations (DAEs) was implemented in an advanced equation oriented process modelling and simulation software. The validated model was subsequently used to investigate the effect of influent substrate concentration on the concentration of substrate, biomass and dissolved oxygen in the reactor. The results obtained from subsequent simulation of the model show that the model was able to predict time profiles of substrate, biomass and dissolved oxygen concentration and the effect of influent substrate concentration on the time profiles of the activated sludge reactor’s operating variables. For all the parameters estimated, the standard deviation, 95% confidence interval and 95% t-value ranged from 0.021 to 1.455, 0.022 to 2.125 and 0.0003 to 0.0211 respectively. The χ2-value was 121.320 while the weighted residual was 73.003. The low magnitude of these values in addition to the fact that the weighted residual was less than the χ2-value is an indication that the model gave a good representation of the experimental data.
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KEYWORDS: cassava stalks; particle board; urea-formaldehyde; dimensional stability; thickness swelling HOW TO CITE: Aisien FA, Amenaghawon AN,
The attainment of an effective qualitative science and engineering education (SEE) in Nigeria has been a serious challenge to teaching and learning of science and engineering courses in higher institution in Nigeria. An effective faculty... more
The attainment of an effective qualitative science and engineering education (SEE) in Nigeria has been a serious challenge to teaching and learning of science and engineering courses in higher institution in Nigeria. An effective faculty development will address problems such as underprepared students, replacement of old faculty?, lack of integration of technology into teaching and learning process, lack of interdisciplinary collaborations, increasing multicultural and multi religious diversity among others.The research was conducted with the aid of questionnaire administered to 100 respondents from five different Universities in Nigeria involved in effective faculty development. The results obtained were analysed using frequency or cross tables and graphic visualization methods.The results show that apart from underprepared students and students’ cultism related challenges, other challenges can be solved when there is effective faculty development programme in the institution. Thus...
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Abstract Waste polypropylene plastic (WPP) is an enormous volume of plastics in the landfill in Nigeria. It causes serious environmental problems, such as reduced landfill space and pollution. We made WPP plastic undergo pyrolysis using a... more
Abstract Waste polypropylene plastic (WPP) is an enormous volume of plastics in the landfill in Nigeria. It causes serious environmental problems, such as reduced landfill space and pollution. We made WPP plastic undergo pyrolysis using a batch reactor subjected to temperatures variation of 300 °C, 350 °C, 375 °C, 400 °C, and the spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst used were 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% catalyst. We heated the reactor at a rate of 15 °C/min. until it reaches the pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C at atmospheric pressure. We investigated the influence of the FCC catalyst, reaction temperatures, and catalyst to plastic ratio. We characterized the pyrolysis liquid oil using density, pour point, API gravity, flash point, viscosity, calorific value, carbon residue, ATSM distillation, and GC–MS. The thermal pyrolysis produced maximum liquid oil (83.3 wt%) with gases (13.2 wt%), and char (3.0 wt%), while the catalytic pyrolysis using 0.1 catalyst to plastic ratio decreased the liquid oil yield (77.6 wt%), and char (2.7 wt%), with an increase in gases (19.7 wt%). The GC–MS results of the catalytic pyrolysis of liquid oil showed that the liquid fractions comprised a wide range of hydrocarbon, mainly distributed within C4 to > C17. The paraffin, olefins, naphthalene, and aromatics yield were 30.83%, 44.6%. 19.44%, and 5.13%, respectively. The liquid oil’s fuel properties were like that of gasoline and diesel.
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Locally sourced periwinkle shell ash (PSA) and snail shell ash (SSA) were investigated as potential photocatalysts for the photocatalytic decolourisation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Preliminary studies showed that PSA performed... more
Locally sourced periwinkle shell ash (PSA) and snail shell ash (SSA) were investigated as potential photocatalysts for the photocatalytic decolourisation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Preliminary studies showed that PSA performed better than SSA hence it was adopted for further investigations. The effects of process variables such as irradiation time, initial dye concentration and catalyst dosage on the decolourisation process were evaluated. The optimum values of the process variables were: irradiation time, 50 minutes; initial dye concentration, 7 mg/L and PSA dosage, 2 g/L. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation (R 2 =0.999) indicating mono layer type adsorption while the kinetics of the process was well described by the pseudo first order and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models with high R 2 values (>0.90).
The conversion of cassava bagasse to fermentable sugars and its subsequent conversion to ethanol was investigated in this work. The cassava bagasse was pretreated by sequentially combining dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis with enzyme... more
The conversion of cassava bagasse to fermentable sugars and its subsequent conversion to ethanol was investigated in this work. The cassava bagasse was pretreated by sequentially combining dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis with enzyme hydrolysis. The results of biochemical analysis of the cassava bagasse revealed that it was made up of three major components namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin with compositions of 38.3 wt%, 24.9 wt% and 6.7 wt% respectively. The results of acid hydrolysis show that the maximum amount of reducing sugar was produced when an acid concentration of 1 mol/dm3 was used. Combining enzymatic hydrolysis with acid hydrolysis lead to an improvement in the yield of reducing sugar. The yield of ethanol obtained at the end of fermentation was 3.2% (v/v). The low yield of ethanol could be attributed to the presence of inhibitors and other unfermentable substances produced during acid hydrolysis. This study demonstrates the potential in the use of pretreate...
The effectiveness of abattoir wastewater purification using macrophytes such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and microalgae, Closterium turgidum, Chlorella vulgaris was investigated in laboratory... more
The effectiveness of abattoir wastewater purification using macrophytes such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and microalgae, Closterium turgidum, Chlorella vulgaris was investigated in laboratory scale. The cascade was a semi-continuous study performed in four stages: first water hyacinth culture, algae culture, water spinach culture and second water hyacinth culture. The retention time for each stage was 7 days. The physiochemical and bacteriological properties (water quality indicators) of the raw abattoir wastewater and the treated abattoir wastewater at the end of each stage was carried out using APHA standard methods of analysis. The efficiency of reduction of the soluble anions and other parameters (DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, temperature, turbidity alkalinity, conductivity, pH and total hardness) at the end of the last treatment stage ranged from 71.2 to 90 % and 20 to 98.3 %, respectively. The heavy metals and bacteria counts were completely removed (100 % efficiency). However, the efficiency of increase temperature and DO were 6.67 % and 81 %, respectively. There was a strong correlation between water quality indicators and the R 2 ranged from 0.96 to 1.0 and −0.96 to −0.99 for linear and inverse linear, respectively. It was concluded that the water quality of the abattoir wastewater was greatly improved by phytoremediation with macrophytes and microalgae as evidence by virtually all water quality indicators falling either below or within the WHO/FEPA permissible limits for the discharge of wastewater into surface water.
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Crude oil spillage is a major environmental pollution in the Niger — Delta area of Nigeria. The use of recycled rubber from enormous available scrap tires for pollution control of oil-polluted fresh and marine water and the attendant... more
Crude oil spillage is a major environmental pollution in the Niger — Delta area of Nigeria. The use of recycled rubber from enormous available scrap tires for pollution control of oil-polluted fresh and marine water and the attendant survival of aquatic organisms (fish) in these polluted waters was investigated. The absorption capacity of rubber particles for the oil was the same in both the oil-polluted fresh and marine waters and depended on the rubber particle size and temperature of absorption. The survival time of the fish depended on the amount of rubber added to and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the oil-polluted waters. The survival time increased from 3.5 to 7.25 h as the rubber to oil ratio was increased from 0.5 to 2.5. At a ratio of 3, the oil film on the water was no longer continuous and the survival time increased to 6,000 h. The survival time increased with the DO concentration in polluted water. In the absence of added rubber particles, the DO concentration decreased within 2 h from 5.27 mg/L to less than 3 mg/L, a value below the limit required for aquatic organism survival.
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ABSTRACT: The widely-used plastics, especially low-density polyethylene (LDPE), have resulted in a considerable accumulation of plastics in the waste stream, causing a global environmental problem. Therefore, the research aims to examine... more
ABSTRACT: The widely-used plastics, especially low-density polyethylene (LDPE), have resulted in a considerable accumulation of plastics in the waste stream, causing a global environmental problem. Therefore, the research aims to examine the thermal and catalytic degradation of waste LDPE plastic using spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and compare the properties of the produced liquid oils with commercial fuels. The potential of converting the most energy from waste plastics to valuable liquid oil, gaseous, and char was investigated. A batch reactor was used to thermally and catalytically degrade LDPE at temperatures 350 to 550oC and catalyst to plastic ratio of 0.10 to 0.25. The physical properties of the produced liquid oils, flash point, pour point, viscosity, API-gravity, carbon residue, density, etc., were determined using standard methods. We characterized the chemical properties of produced pyrolysis liquid oils with Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). T...
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The potential of locally sourced periwinkle shell ash (PSA) has been explored as an alternative photocatalyst for the photocatalytic decolourisation of Congo red dye. The effect of process parameters such as irradiation time, initial dye... more
The potential of locally sourced periwinkle shell ash (PSA) has been explored as an alternative photocatalyst for the photocatalytic decolourisation of Congo red dye. The effect of process parameters such as irradiation time, initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, pH of the solution and the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) on the extent of photodegradation was investigated. The optimum values of the process parameters were: irradiation time, 50 minutes; initial dye concentration, 10 mg/L; PSA dosage, 7 g/L and pH, 4. The addition of H 2 O 2 enhanced the photodegradation process with almost 100 percent decolourisation achieved. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation (R 2 =0.999) indicating mono layer type adsorption while the diffusion mechanism and kinetics of the process were well described by the intra-particle diffusion and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models with high R 2 values of 0.998 and 0.999 respectively.
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photoreactor using solar radiation. The effect of various parameters such as pH, initial concentration of pollutant, catalyst dose, oxidant, and time variation were studied. The determination of the best catalyst was studied amongst the... more
photoreactor using solar radiation. The effect of various parameters such as pH, initial concentration of pollutant, catalyst dose, oxidant, and time variation were studied. The determination of the best catalyst was studied amongst the four catalysts (TiO2, ZnO, PSA and SSA) .The kinetics of degradation of isooctane was also studied. The results showed that TiO2 was the best catalyst with a degradation rate of 57%. Also, the optimum conditions for the degradation of the isooctane were; 50mg/L of initial concentration, pH 8 and catalyst dose of 4.0g/l. The kinetics analysis for the degradation of isooctane revealed that it follows pseudo – first‐ order reaction kinetics. The Langmuir – Hinshelwood model showed a better fitting with reaction rate and adsorption equilibrium constants of 3.0 mg/L.h and 1.53 × 10‐3 L/mg respectively and the regression was 0.979. Finally
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Edible oil refinery wastewater (EORW) is one source of environmental pollution in Nigeria. The treatment of EORW before discharge into the environment remains a significant challenge in the edible oil refinery industries. This research... more
Edible oil refinery wastewater (EORW) is one source of environmental pollution in Nigeria. The treatment of EORW before discharge into the environment remains a significant challenge in the edible oil refinery industries. This research was aimed at photocatalytic treatment of EORW using a batch photocatalytic reactor with titanium dioxide photocatalyst. We investigated the physicochemical parameters: chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), oil and grease, phenol, chloride (Cl-), total suspended solids, sulfate (SO42-), and phosphate (PO43-) using American Public Health Association methods. The results showed that the reduction efficiency of the treated EORW with TiO2 catalyst ranged between 65.8% (PO43-) and 87.0% (COD), and the improvement in efficiency was 54.1% (pH) and 60.8% dissolved oxygen. However, the results showed no significant difference (p<0.05) in the control treatment without catalyst. The biodegradability of EORW increased from 0.196 to 0.32...
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The increasing growth of cassava agro-industries in Nigeria has led to the enormous generation of cassava peels waste. The feasibility of generating biogas and biofertilizer for both domestic and agricultural applications from cassava... more
The increasing growth of cassava agro-industries in Nigeria has led to the enormous generation of cassava peels waste. The feasibility of generating biogas and biofertilizer for both domestic and agricultural applications from cassava peels waste inoculated with cow dung was investigated. Fresh and stale cassava peels were used in the study. Three pretreatment chemicals such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) buffer solutions were used in pretreating the cassava peels and cow dung slurry. Six batch anaerobic biodigesters of 10-litre capacity each were used in this study for 40 days retention period. The pH, temperature, and volumes of biogas and methane produced were monitored and recorded daily. The fertilizer qualities (total solids, volatile solids, % phosphorus, % nitrogen, etc.) of the digester slurry and the digester sludge after 40 days digestion were determined using official methods of analysis of Association of Official Ana...
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Periwinkle shell ash (PSA) was used as a photocatalyst in the photocatalytic degradation of aniline in aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, initial aniline concentration, PSA dosage, pH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the... more
Periwinkle shell ash (PSA) was used as a photocatalyst in the photocatalytic degradation of aniline in aqueous solution. The effects of contact time, initial aniline concentration, PSA dosage, pH and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the process were investigated. The results show that maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency was obtained at a contact time of 100 minutes, initial aniline concentration of 50 mg/L, PSA dosage of 2 g/L and pH of 8. The addition of H2O2 improved the photocatalytic degradation efficiency to almost 100 percent. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation (R2=0.951). The kinetics of the process was well described by the pseudo first order and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models while the diffusion mechanism was modelled by the intra particle diffusion model (R2>0.90).
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The potential of locally sourced periwinkle shell ash (PSA) has been explored as an alternative photocatalyst for the photocatalytic decolourisation of Congo red dye. The effect of process parameters such as irradiation time, initial dye... more
The potential of locally sourced periwinkle shell ash (PSA) has been explored as an alternative photocatalyst for the photocatalytic decolourisation of Congo red dye. The effect of process parameters such as irradiation time, initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, pH of the solution and the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the extent of photodegradation was investigated. The optimum values of the process parameters were: irradiation time, 50 minutes; initial dye concentration, 10 mg/L; PSA dosage, 7 g/L and pH, 4. The addition of H2O2 enhanced the photodegradation process with almost 100 percent decolourisation achieved. The adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation (R2=0.999) indicating mono layer type adsorption while the diffusion mechanism and kinetics of the process were well described by the intra-particle diffusion and Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models with high R2 values of 0.998 and 0.999 respectively.
The adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution using waste tire rubber granules (WTRG) was investigated in a batch system. The effect of various factors such as initial concentration of phenol, amount of adsorbent, size of adsorbent... more
The adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution using waste tire rubber granules (WTRG) was investigated in a batch system. The effect of various factors such as initial concentration of phenol, amount of adsorbent, size of adsorbent particles, pH and temperature of solution on the adsorption capacity of WTRG and percentage removal of phenol was studied. The equilibrium time for a phenol concentration of 700mg/l was obtained to be 60 minutes indicating fast adsorption. The percentage removal of phenol and adsorption capacity of WTRG increased from 20.5 to 40% and 5 to 10.6 mg/g respectively with decrease in particle size from 2.36 to 0.30mm. The adsorption capacity of WTRG was observed to decrease from 13.4 to 9.9 mg/g with increase in solution temperature from 5 to 45 o C indicating that low temperatures favoured the adsorption of phenol. Maximum adsorption was recorded at a pH of 8.5 and an adsorbent dosage of 4g. Isotherm data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm m...
The photocatalytic decolourisation of industrial wastewater from a soft drink company was investigated. Four catalysts namely titanium dioxide (TiO 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), periwinkle shell ash (PSA) and snail shell ash (SSA) were evaluated... more
The photocatalytic decolourisation of industrial wastewater from a soft drink company was investigated. Four catalysts namely titanium dioxide (TiO 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), periwinkle shell ash (PSA) and snail shell ash (SSA) were evaluated for their potential use as photocatalysts for decolourisation of wastewater. Two sets of preliminary experiments were carried out, the first without light and the second in the presence of sunlight to determine the best catalyst for the study. Results of preliminary studies showed that PSA was best suited for the decolourisation of the wastewater samples hence it was chosen for further studies. The percent decolourisation was monitored spectrophotometrically by the measurement of absorbance at a wavelength of 201nm. The effect of catalyst dosage and oxidant (H 2 O 2) loading on the degradation process was investigated. The percent decolourisation increased with increase in PSA dosage with a dosage of 12 g/L resulting in the maximum percent decolouri...
The adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution using waste tire rubber granules (WTRG) was investigated in a batch system. The effect of various factors such as contact time, initial concentration of phenol, amount of adsorbent, size of... more
The adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution using waste tire rubber granules (WTRG) was investigated in a batch system. The effect of various factors such as contact time, initial concentration of phenol, amount of adsorbent, size of adsorbent particles, pH, and temperature of solution on the adsorption capacity of WTRG was determined. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models while the kinetics of the process was elucidated using the Lagergren pseudo-first order, pseudo second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models. The equilibrium time was obtained to be 60 minutes indicating fast adsorption. The adsorption capacity of WTRG increased with decrease in both the size of adsorbent particles and the temperature of the solution. Maximum adsorption was recorded at a pH of 8.5. The results obtained from isotherm studies indicated that the equilibrium data for phenol adsorption on WTRG fit the Langmuir isotherm best with an R2 value of 0.993. All t...
The decolourisation of azo dye, acid orange 7 in aqueous solution using locally sourced photocatalyst, periwinkle shell ash (PSA) was investigated in this study. PSA catalyst was prepared by calcination and characterised by X-ray... more
The decolourisation of azo dye, acid orange 7 in aqueous solution using locally sourced photocatalyst, periwinkle shell ash (PSA) was investigated in this study. PSA catalyst was prepared by calcination and characterised by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Maximum decolourisation efficiency was recorded at an irradiation time of 50 minutes. The decolourisation efficiency decreased with increase in initial dye concentration while low catalyst loading favoured the decolourisation process. Results of kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that the kinetics of the process was well described by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model while the adsorption equilibrium was well described by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The results obtained in this study indicate that PSA could be a suitable and economical alternative to conventional photocatalysts such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2).
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The potential use of waste tyre rubber granules (WTRG) for the batch adsorption of naphthalene from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of various operational variables such as contact time, initial naphthalene concentration,... more
The potential use of waste tyre rubber granules (WTRG) for the batch adsorption of naphthalene from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of various operational variables such as contact time, initial naphthalene concentration, adsorbent dose, size of adsorbent particles, and temperature of solution on the adsorption capacity of WTRG was evaluated. The adsorption of naphthalene by WTRG was a fast kinetic process with an equilibrium contact time of 60 min. A low temperature (5°C), small adsorbent particle size (0.212 mm) and higher adsorbent dosage favored the adsorption process. Results of isotherm studies revealed that adsorption of naphthalene was best described by the Langmuir isotherm equation…
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ABSTRACT The adsorption of ethylbenzene from aqueous solution using waste tyre rubber granules (WTRG) was investigated in a batch system. The effect of various factors such as contact time, initial concentration of ethylbenzene, amount of... more
ABSTRACT The adsorption of ethylbenzene from aqueous solution using waste tyre rubber granules (WTRG) was investigated in a batch system. The effect of various factors such as contact time, initial concentration of ethylbenzene, amount of adsorbent, size of adsorbent particles, and temperature of solution on the adsorption capacity of WTRG was determined. The equilibrium contact time was obtained to be 70 minutes indicating fast adsorption. The adsorption of ethylbenzene on WTRG was observed to increase from 8.4 to 57.85 mg/g with increase in initial ethylbenzene concentration from 250 to 850 mg/L. The adsorption capacity of WTRG increased from 55.35 to 71.6 mg/g with decrease in particle size from 2.36 to 0.212mm. Increasing the temperature of the aqueous solution from 5 to 40oC resulted in a decrease in the adsorption capacity of WTRG from 59.83 to 45.15mg/g. Kinetic and isotherm studies indicate that the adsorption of ethylbenzene was best described by the Lagergren pseudo-first order kinetic equation and Langmuir isotherm equations respectively. Results obtained indicate that recycled rubber from scrap tyres can be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of ethylbenzene from aqueous solution.
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Environmental Science, Materials Science, Petroleum, Environmental Monitoring, Waste Management, and 13 moreNigeria, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Humans, Natural rubber, Pollution, Rubber, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Crude Oil, Particle Size, Industrial Waste, Conservation of Natural Resources, and Oil Pollution
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Soil pollution from the discharge of petroleum and its products is among the most extensive environmentally damaging pollution problem in the world today. The presence of toxic organics in the soil and surrounding water bodies constitutes... more
Soil pollution from the discharge of petroleum and its products is among the most extensive environmentally damaging pollution problem in the world today. The presence of toxic organics in the soil and surrounding water bodies constitutes potential threats to humans and the ecosystem. The potential of using phytoremediation, a process whereby green vegetation is used to remediate petroleum-polluted soils, is examined. Considerable attention has been focused on hydrocarbons linked with phytoremediation, categories of phytoremediation, enhancement of phytoremediation, environmental factors affecting phytoremediation, plants/legumes associated with phytoremediation and advantages and limitations of phytoremediation. In spite of these, several methods have been used in the past to remediate petroleum-polluted soils. The application of phytoremediation has proven to be one of the most efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly technologies. Phytoremediation with enhancement should be strongly encouraged.
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doi:10.3906/muh-1110-5 Electro-thermo-mechanical creep and time-dependent behavior of FGPM spheres