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Heavy machinery process results in the loss of valuable soil and its nutrients that are necessary for crops to grow. Tillage erosion is mostly caused by the way a farmer tills the land. The kind of machinery a farmer uses, how often the... more
Heavy machinery process results in the loss of valuable soil and its nutrients that are necessary for crops to grow. Tillage erosion is mostly caused by the way a farmer tills the land. The kind of machinery a farmer uses, how often the farmer tills the fields, and how the farmer manages the agricultural fields during the planting periods affects how much soil may be lost. This work demonstrates the suitability of PIXE for evaluation of agricultural nutrient losses due to tillage erosion processes. A case study for a sugar-cane field is discussed, and losses in concentration of elements such as P Q<a=2.015keV), K Q<a=3.312keV), Ca (Ka=3.690keV), Fe (Ka=6.400keV), and Zn (Ka=8.631keV) were evaluated. The feasibility of this methodology for agricultural nutrient loss measurements for tillage erosion process is presented.
bitstream/item/83926/1/Proci-11.00185.pdf; bitstream/item/98922/1/PROCI-11.00185.pd
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Chemistry, Density, Gamma Rays, Tomography, Computers, and 5 moreCalibration, Moisture, Soils, Sol, and Tomografía
Page 1. 1 A Technique for Improvement of Linear Attenuation Coefficient Maps Obtained by Means of X-Ray Tomography in Multiple Energies Luis Fernando Granato Paulo Estevão Cruvinel Fabio Cassaro Silvio Crestana. EMBRAPA ...
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ABSTRACT
... Álvaro Macedo2 Carlos Manoel Pedro Vaz3 Paulo Estevão Cruvinel4 Sílvio Crestana3 ... Estão sendo trabalhados os pontos mais críticos para se chegar à resolução de 100µm, tais como uma nova versão da centralização do estágio de... more
... Álvaro Macedo2 Carlos Manoel Pedro Vaz3 Paulo Estevão Cruvinel4 Sílvio Crestana3 ... Estão sendo trabalhados os pontos mais críticos para se chegar à resolução de 100µm, tais como uma nova versão da centralização do estágio de rotação, maior precisão no suporte de ...
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One of the major problems facing humanity in the coming decades is the production of food on a large scale. The production of large quantities of food must be conducted in a sustainable and responsible manner for nature and humans. In... more
One of the major problems facing humanity in the coming decades is the production of food on a large scale. The production of large quantities of food must be conducted in a sustainable and responsible manner for nature and humans. In this sense, the appropriate application of agricultural pesticides plays a fundamental role since pesticide application in a qualified manner reduces human and environmental risks as well as the costs of food production. Evaluation of the quality of application using sprayers is an important issue, and several quality descriptors related to the average diameter and distribution of droplets are used. This paper describes the construction of a data-driven soft sensor using the parametric principal component regression (PCR) method based on principal component analysis (PCA), which works in two configurations: with the input being the operating conditions of the agricultural boom sprayers and its outputs being the prediction of the quality descriptors of ...
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This paper presents an arrangement based on a dedicated computer and charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor system to intelligently allow the counting and recognition of colony formation. Microbes in agricultural environments are important... more
This paper presents an arrangement based on a dedicated computer and charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor system to intelligently allow the counting and recognition of colony formation. Microbes in agricultural environments are important catalysts of global carbon and nitrogen cycles, including the production and consumption of greenhouse gases in soil. Some microbes produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide while decomposing organic matter in soil. Others consume methane from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate climate change. The magnitude of each of these processes is influenced by human activities and impacts the warming potential of Earth's atmosphere. In this context, bacterial colony counting is important and requires sophisticated analysis methods. The method implemented in this study uses digital image processing techniques, including the Hough Transform for circular objects. The visual environment Borland Builder C++ was used for development, and ...
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In agriculture, the chemicals should be applied evenly and at a prescribed rate. An accurately calibrated boom will ensure that this is achieved. In addition, the correct use of pesticides can deliver significant environmental and... more
In agriculture, the chemicals should be applied evenly and at a prescribed rate. An accurately calibrated boom will ensure that this is achieved. In addition, the correct use of pesticides can deliver significant environmental and socioeconomic benefits in the form of safe, healthy, and affordable food, as well as to decrease the impact in natural resources such as soil, water and overall land use. The quality of pesticides application is dependent on the hydraulic fluidic resistance present in the nozzles of the sprayers. This paper presents a method to evaluate the hydraulic pressure drop in bars of agricultural sprayer systems using the fluid hydraulic resistance as a part of a sensor element associated with point-wise Thévenin's equivalents. This method makes it possible to control and measure the pressure drop at lower cost and greater accuracy. In this context, taking into account a measurement-based approach, a parameterized relationship among operating conditions and the...
This paper presents a thermal detector using an inorganic crystal based on a chemical compound prepared with PbZrO 3 /PbTiO 3 with 1% of La 2 O 3. It has been designed for measuring the absorbed dose due the use of an electron beam... more
This paper presents a thermal detector using an inorganic crystal based on a chemical compound prepared with PbZrO 3 /PbTiO 3 with 1% of La 2 O 3. It has been designed for measuring the absorbed dose due the use of an electron beam applied for the disinfection of food products. The measuring arrangements for validation of the sensor were all carried out based on the use of incident doses up to 10 kGy, i.e., using several exposure times from a linear electron accelerator source with selective voltage in the range of 200 kV to 10,000 kV. For a given energy, the detector has a linear response with beam intensity and an inverse response with chopping frequency. A calibration curve which reports the relation of the absorbed dose (kGy) versus the sensor´s amplified output voltage is also presented. The detector may be used over a wide range of energies either inside or outside vacuum, and it does not require an external bias field. Results have shown the usefulness of such agricultural se...
Commodities are primary goods, with low levels of industrialization, include the agricultural, metal and energy sectors. The agricultural commodities have an important role in Brazil's economy, accounted by 46.7% of total exports in... more
Commodities are primary goods, with low levels of industrialization, include the agricultural, metal and energy sectors. The agricultural commodities have an important role in Brazil's economy, accounted by 46.7% of total exports in 2013. Given the economic relevance to productive matrix of Brazilian agribusiness, investment in commodity assets can be an alternative to reduce portfolio risk. This paper intends to measure the systematic risk of price for Brazilian and International commodities to changes in the portfolio of commodities market (Brazilian and International) and financial market (IBOVESPA and S&P 500). We use monthly data from January 1998 to March 2014. The results indicate that Brazilian commodities have a high sensitivity to the domestic commodities market and the local financial market. These results suggest the existence of a common risk factor in the commodities market, which differs from the results of many previous studies. Therefore, the effect of Brazilian...
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In pesticide application based on direct injection systems , the sprayer response time plays an important role for the spraying quality, mainly when operating in real time. The response time is defined as the time elapsed from the time of... more
In pesticide application based on direct injection systems , the sprayer response time plays an important role for the spraying quality, mainly when operating in real time. The response time is defined as the time elapsed from the time of injection until the concentration of the mixture (water mixed with herbicide) reaches 95% of its regime value in the spray nozzles. Therefore, in the response time the transport delay and the rise time for achieving the desired concentration are considered. This paper describes an intelligent sensor mounted near the spray nozzles to measure the concentration response time in a herbicide direct injection system, which uses a highly stable sinusoidal excitation signal. The sensor calibration was performed with NaCl solutions at concentrations similar to those found in actual application conditions. Using an integrated system based on the Arduino platform, an algorithm was developed to relate the measurements to the response time. The integrated syste...
This paper presents an arrangement based on a customized computer and Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) sensor system to allow the counting and recognition of the colony formation, in an intelligent manner, of live bacteria. Microbes in... more
This paper presents an arrangement based on a customized computer and Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) sensor system to allow the counting and recognition of the colony formation, in an intelligent manner, of live bacteria. Microbes in agricultural environments are important catalysts of global carbon and nitrogen cycles, including the production and consumption of greenhouse gases in soil. The magnitude of this process is influenced by human activities and impacts the warming potential of Earth's atmosphere. The method implemented uses techniques of digital image processing, and among them, Hough Transform for circular objects. For calibration and validation of the method, a RGB (Red-Green-Blue) camera based on the CCD was used, as well as a prepared illuminated chamber, to allow the analysis of the bacteria Escherichia Coli and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The visual environment, Borland Builder C++, was used for the development, and a modeling for decision making was incorporat...
in Venice, Italy, was an inaugural event covering related topics on theory practice and applications of sensor devices, techniques, data acquisition and processing, and on wired and wireless sensors and sensor networks. Sensors and sensor... more
in Venice, Italy, was an inaugural event covering related topics on theory practice and applications of sensor devices, techniques, data acquisition and processing, and on wired and wireless sensors and sensor networks. Sensors and sensor networks have a great potential of providing diverse services to a broad range of applications, not only on science and engineering, but equally importantly on issues related to critical infrastructure protection and security, healthcare, the environment, energy, food safety, and the potential impact on the quality of all areas of life. Sensor networks and sensor-based systems support many applications today above ground. Underwater operations and applications are quite limited by comparison. Most applications refer to remotely controlled submersibles and wide-area data collection systems at a coarse granularity. Other remote sensing domains and applications are using special sensing devices and services. Transducers and actuators complement the mo...
Related to the quality of the agricultural spraying processes, the variable hydraulic pressure plays an important role. All spray nozzles when operating are subjected to the hydraulic pressure along the boom. Furthermore, in real sprayers... more
Related to the quality of the agricultural spraying processes, the variable hydraulic pressure plays an important role. All spray nozzles when operating are subjected to the hydraulic pressure along the boom. Furthermore, in real sprayers systems the losses in the hydraulic pressure which occur along the boom, where one may find the placed nozzles, are in general verified with the use of pressure sensors in each nozzle. However, such arrangement has high costs for the agricultural producers and involves a larger complexity in the electronics for signal processing, monitoring and control. The hydraulic system of agricultural sprayers has a direct analog in electric circuits, and thus, it is possible to be represented as an equivalent circuit formed by a voltage source and a resistance which characterizes the internal loss of the system. This paper, presents a method that makes possible the evaluation of the hydraulic pressure drop in bars of sprayer systems considering the fluid hydr...
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Agricultural soil tomography aims at investigating soil proprieties as water and solute transport, soil porosity, soil contents, root growing and humidity. For a better analysis about these proprieties, an image quality is required. The... more
Agricultural soil tomography aims at investigating soil proprieties as water and solute transport, soil porosity, soil contents, root growing and humidity. For a better analysis about these proprieties, an image quality is required. The enhancement of tomographic images can be reached by the use of filters in their projections (signals) with the objective to reach a better signal/noise relation. Previous works focused on image filtering or in the use of filters specialized in Gaussian process estimation. These techniques not presented significant improvement in signal to noise relation and additionally have showed losses in image details. These projections have different types of noises affecting the image quality directly and omitting important details that can be recognized as if they were noise or fake details caused by noises. This paper presents formulations for the use of unscented Kalman filter with neural networks in a dual estimation filtering: a filter for state estimation...
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Research Interests:
In the application of herbicides on the basis of direct injection systems, spraying response time plays an important role for the quality of spraying, particularly when operating in real time. The response time is defined as the time... more
In the application of herbicides on the basis of direct injection systems, spraying response time plays an important role for the quality of spraying, particularly when operating in real time. The response time is defined as the time elapsed from the time of injection until the concentration of the mixture (water mixed with herbicide) reaches 95 % of its regime value in the sprayer nozzles. In the response time, the transport delay and the rise time for achieving the desired concentration are considered. This paper describes an intelligent sensor mounted near the sprayer nozzles to measure the concentration response time in an herbicide direct injection system, which uses a highly stable sinusoidal excitation signal. The sensor calibration was performed with NaCl solutions at concentrations similar to those found in actual application conditions. Using an integrated system based on the Arduino platform, an algorithm was developed to relate the measurements to the response time. The ...
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This paper presents a method for improving the measurements made with direct transmission X-ray, which generate the projections that allow the use of the reconstructive tomography method. It builds on the use of the predictive Wiener... more
This paper presents a method for improving the measurements made with direct transmission X-ray, which generate the projections that allow the use of the reconstructive tomography method. It builds on the use of the predictive Wiener filtering, which is a nonlinear filtering. Such method allows a better accuracy of the measurement obtained by the reconstructed images of Computed Tomography (CT) scanner, i.e., improving the figure of merit Signal/Noise Ratio (SNR). Results show a consequent improvement in measures of the soil densities, which is of interest to a better management and monitoring of the physical parameters of agricultural soils.
The technologies of precision agriculture have allowed collecting information with better fidelity from soil properties. In this modality of management, it takes into account the segmentation of a given agricultural area in a number of... more
The technologies of precision agriculture have allowed collecting information with better fidelity from soil properties. In this modality of management, it takes into account the segmentation of a given agricultural area in a number of small cells and the use of inputs is performed with variable rates, leading to a low impact on soil natural resources, mainly because only the local needs are considered. This management technique leads to better sustainability in the use of agricultural soils. In this context of interest for precision farming, it is found the use of X-ray computed tomography that has been useful, since the first work published in 1982. This paper discusses the different modalities of X-ray tomography instruments and opportunities for the establishment of direct use on the field that allow the mapping of soil compaction, which has an important impact on both the movement of water and nutrients, and also on plants rooting.
The weed management in agriculture plays an important role, since the yield of a crop can vary depending on the species of invasive plants involved, and due to its percentage of occupation by area. Since one function of the phenotyping... more
The weed management in agriculture plays an important role, since the yield of a crop can vary depending on the species of invasive plants involved, and due to its percentage of occupation by area. Since one function of the phenotyping process is the morphological characterization of plants [1], such concept can be used to discriminate between monocot and dicots weed species, i.e., those having narrow-leaves and broad-leaved weeds, groups that can be appropriately controlled by specific herbicides. In fact, efficiency is higher if selective treatment is performed for each type of infestation instead of using a general application of herbicide on the whole agricultural surface. This paper presents a method for weed recognition based on phenotyping processes, i.e., to improve precision spraying based on the control of weed species into a maize culture. The method was developed considering the use of shape modelling techniques, which uses concepts of multiresolution analysis in both ra...
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Virtual Reality (VR) is based on the use of sensors, and the customization of its use for agricultural analysis is still a challenge. This study presents a solution for the analysis of agricultural soils based on sensor devices, signal... more
Virtual Reality (VR) is based on the use of sensors, and the customization of its use for agricultural analysis is still a challenge. This study presents a solution for the analysis of agricultural soils based on sensor devices, signal conditioning, X-ray tomographic images, and a VR interface. In such a context, tomographic images from soil samples can be submitted though a user interface to a process of manipulation and volumetric visualization based on graphic-computational resources which add functionalities like immersion for the user’s interaction with the samples. Validation was based on a case study involving the analysis of the porosity of agricultural soils samples in which preferential paths for water flow were reconstructed and manipulated by VR interaction techniques. In fact, by using 59.6 keV of energy and a time window of 10 seconds for sampling of each tomographic projection, it was possible to reconstruct digital tomographic images from agricultural soils to be ana...
Resumo. Abstract. Objetivos. Metodologia. Portfolios de projetos e escala de impactos. Apresentacao dos portfolios de projetos e encerramento.
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Este artigo apresenta e discorre sobre os atributos da agricultura de precisão (ap) e da agricultura digital (ad), expondo as particularidades e sinergias de cada uma delas. Explica como a ap vem sendo empregada nos sistemas de produção... more
Este artigo apresenta e discorre sobre os atributos da agricultura de precisão (ap) e da agricultura digital (ad), expondo as particularidades e sinergias de cada uma delas. Explica como a ap vem sendo empregada nos sistemas de produção vegetal e animal em vários países desde a década de 1990, com uma intensidade e abrangência em relação à área e aos tipos de sistemas de produção que a adotam e que evoluem gradualmente. A ap compreende o uso de procedimentos e de equipamentos, implementos e/ou sensores que avaliam a variabilidade espacial e temporal de atributos do solo, planta, animal ou clima, com o intuito de fornecer informações que subsidiam a tomada de decisão pelo produtor ou profissional quanto à realização de uma prática ou manejo agrícola de modo diferenciado ou variável. Em muitas das atividades realizadas dentro do contexto da ap, a coleta, o armazenamento, a análise e a transmissão de dados ou informações sobre solo, planta, animal ou clima de um específico sistema de p...
The most recent operations and management frameworks in innovation have not been complete to explicit required knowledge to manage the cooperation of its networked open innovation value chain in the knowledge economy and open enterprise.... more
The most recent operations and management frameworks in innovation have not been complete to explicit required knowledge to manage the cooperation of its networked open innovation value chain in the knowledge economy and open enterprise. Strategic actors from the Virtual Innovation Society network were interviewed to identify critical semantic parameters that address this issue. As a result, this study suggests the characterization of inter-dependent added-values and its performance metrics, under the “managing as designing” approach, as input for managing the externalities, the integration of the articulation between business operations, strategy and information technology, and waste of innovation. In this context, the identification of the main managerial indicators for future command and control of existing innovation network operations under the “managing as designing” approach becomes a new challenge for future research. Keywords: Managing as Designing; Innovation Management; N...
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Este trabalho apresenta a construção de um equipamento de coleta de dados que utiliza os módulos Heltec WiFi Lora 32 para envio de dados através das redes sem fio WiFi e LoRa, a qual tem como um de suas principais vantagens o longo... more
Este trabalho apresenta a construção de um equipamento de coleta de dados que utiliza os módulos Heltec WiFi Lora 32 para envio de dados através das redes sem fio WiFi e LoRa, a qual tem como um de suas principais vantagens o longo alcance com baixo consumo de energia. O sistema quando finalizado permitirá interligar diversas estações de medição de dados possibilitando que cada equipamento possa de forma independente, enviar suas medições, mesmo estando distante do nó receptor, o qual está conectado a Internet, o que possibilita o armazenamento dos dados em servidores. Os resultados mostraram que a conexão entre a estação e o receptor foram totalmente funcionais em testes em ambiente controlado a uma distância de 30 metros.
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A Rede de Inovação e Prospecção Tecnológica para o Agronegócio (RIPA) foi estabelecida no âmbito do CT-Agro/FINEP/CNPq como parte de uma estratégia focada em arranjo colaborativo para a promoção do processo de inovação da agricultura no... more
A Rede de Inovação e Prospecção Tecnológica para o Agronegócio (RIPA) foi estabelecida no âmbito do CT-Agro/FINEP/CNPq como parte de uma estratégia focada em arranjo colaborativo para a promoção do processo de inovação da agricultura no Brasil. Este trabalho apresenta os instrumentos que foram utilizados para a antenagem de ameaças e de oportunidades, bem como para a caracterização das demandas envolvendo governança corporativa compartilhada e modelo fundamentado em desenvolvimento regional.
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This paper proposes a new methodology based on action research for the implementation of a business, system and technology model to assist and facilitate the collaborative use of resources and expertise, as well as to adjust one task... more
This paper proposes a new methodology based on action research for the implementation of a business, system and technology model to assist and facilitate the collaborative use of resources and expertise, as well as to adjust one task force based on knowledge sharing and management. A case study is presented to illustrate the results of implementing the Digital Knowledge Ecosystem framework in a research and development (R&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;D) network of aerial application of pesticides for pest control, using the action research approach. Results include the properties of self-management, open innovation, self-organization of the institutionally linked groups and the adaptation of a new tool for collaboration, which can improve competitiveness. Its relevance may be measured by its benefits of capturing the sharing dynamics, processing and propagating information within the networks, allowing cooperation between organizations and measuring collective intelligence action and learning, as well as promoting survival such as minimum interaction rules, individual autonomy and organizational structure demand flexibility. Such arrangement proved to allow nonlinear methods replacing attempts at objectivity, linear thought and control, and the design of risks in social computing system. The conclusions showed the opportunity to apply such model to other sectors related to agriculture and innovation and observe the challenge regarding the managerial indicators for future command and control of existing R&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;D network knowledge management operations for future research.
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Computer Science and IEEE
The Innovation and Technological Prospecting for Agribusiness (RIPA) Network was established under the CT-Agro/FINEP/CNPq as part of a strategy focused on collaborative arrangement to promotion the innovation in agriculture in Brazil.... more
The Innovation and Technological Prospecting for Agribusiness (RIPA) Network was established under the CT-Agro/FINEP/CNPq as part of a strategy focused on collaborative arrangement to promotion the innovation in agriculture in Brazil. This paper describes the instruments that were usedto detect threats and opportunities, as well as to characterize the demands involving corporate governance and a model based on shared and regional development.
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The drop size distribution of sprinkler spray is of practical importance for two reasons. The first one is because the small droplets are subject to wind drift, distorting the application pattern. Second, large droplets possess greater... more
The drop size distribution of sprinkler spray is of practical importance for two reasons. The first one is because the small droplets are subject to wind drift, distorting the application pattern. Second, large droplets possess greater kinetic energy which is transferred to the soil surface causing particle dislodgment and pudding that may result in surface crusting and runoff. We present in this paper a technique based on image processing for measure drop size distribution from agricultural sprinklers in automatic mode. This technique has the advantage of being a direct measurement method that allows to know the characteristics of agricultural sprinklers, which allows to study the effects of pressure and nozzle size on the distributions. The method was obtained using properties of the Fourier for correlation analysis in frequency domain. Results allow both farmers to change on existing irrigation systems to cope with field problems caused by low intake rates and runoff and development work to improve the uniformity of distribution of sprays from agricultural sprinklers.
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Image and Correlation
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
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Page 1. A Stereoscopic Image System for Circular Objects recognition in Agricultural Environment FÁBIO B. TAKEDA 1, PAULO E. CRUVINEL 2, JOSÉ H. SAITO 1 1UFSCar Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Cx. Postal ...
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The yield of a crop of corn may vary depending on the weed species involved, as well as the number of plants per area, competition period, stage of culture development, and due to soil and climatic conditions. The management of herbicides... more
The yield of a crop of corn may vary depending on the weed species involved, as well as the number of plants per area, competition period, stage of culture development, and due to soil and climatic conditions. The management of herbicides in such culture can be based on the weed localization and with variable rate. Using such procedure the producer may find benefits to minimize the economic and environmental impacts, as well as to increase competitiveness. This Chapter presents a method based on computer vision to allow the construction of maps for herbicide application, which are based on the geometric information of the weed leaves, broad or narrow leaves format, present in the field.
We present an automated bench that acts as a development system for sprayers, liquid fertilizer applicators and agricultural maturators. The development system allows the nozzles to the application of such inputs as well as assessing the... more
We present an automated bench that acts as a development system for sprayers, liquid fertilizer applicators and agricultural maturators. The development system allows the nozzles to the application of such inputs as well as assessing the quality of spectra of the drops and their distribution in different speed, ranges, and distance from the targets. It also helps the development of decision models, both of a theoretical as applied according to the dynamic response time due to different types of injection. The work is of interest for precision agriculture, because it allows the simulation environment to evaluate the various situations that may occur in the field, including variable rate application and optimization.
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Agricultural soil tomography aims at investigating soil proprieties as water and solute transport, soil porosity, soil contents, root growing and humidity. For a better analysis about these proprieties, an image quality is required. The... more
Agricultural soil tomography aims at investigating soil proprieties as water and solute transport, soil porosity, soil contents, root growing and humidity. For a better analysis about these proprieties, an image quality is required. The enhancement of tomographic images can be reached by the use of filters in their projections (signals) with the objective to reach a better signal/noise relation. Previous works focused on image filtering or in the use of filters specialized in Gaussian process estimation. These techniques not presented significant improvement in signal to noise relation and additionally have showed losses in image details. These projections have different types of noises affecting the image quality directly and omitting important details that can be recognized as if they were noise or fake details caused by noises. This paper presents formulations for the use of unscented Kalman filter with neural networks in a dual estimation filtering: a filter for state estimation...