Srini Kalyanaraman

--most frequent signifiers of ornament gold, gem-settings, copper gold cargo dispatch account-most frequent signifiers of copper-gold, bell-metal company account Sign 342. karaṇa 'rim of jar' rebus: karaṇa 'despatch, account' Unicorn. sāṅgaḍa 'Joined parts' rebus: jāṅgaḍa 'invoiced on entrustment basis'; જ ંગડિયો jangaḍiyo 'military guard accompanying treasure into the treasury' joined parts are: khoṇḍa 'young bull' rebus: kondana 'gem-setting', top register of standard. kunda 'lathe' kundan 'fine gold' kũdār 'joiner, turner'; horn. singhin 'forward-thrusting, spiny horned' rebus: singi 'ornament gold'; face of goat mr̤ eka 'goat'; rings, spoked wheel on throat-melqa 'throat' rebus: melaka 'company' + koḍiyum 'rings on neck' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'; tsarkh 'wheel' rebus: arka 'gold, copper'; ear karṇa 'ear' rebus: karaṇa 'despatch, account'

A black basalt pebble found in the excavations in Trench 54 has a few faint traces of gold colored streaks that may indicate it was used as a touchstone. Pure gold has a strong yellow-orange streak, while alloyed gold yields a slightly different hue. - Harappa Archaeological Research Project --https://www.harappa.com/indus3/305.html

--Function of field symbol realized from H-282 tablet to signify products made by artisan-'Unicorn' is kondaṇa 'gem-setting artisan' in singi 'ornament gold'; 'standard device' in front signifies double-canoe maritime cargo boat; the grapheme is associated also with other fronting devices H-278 to H-284 Crocodile tablet with identical inscription H-859 to H-870 H-252 to H-277, H-1155 38 unicorn tablets in bas-relief with identical inscription; ca.2400 to ca. 2000 BCE; HARP dates L-217 tablet shows feeding trough in front of bison, standard device in front of 'unicorn'-impressions of 2 seals on a tablet + inscription on Side L-217A ayo 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloymetal' + kāru 'crocodile' rebus: kāru 'artisan'; together, ayakāra 'blacksmith'

-- depicted on Indus Script Corpora by rebus image of mañci ’raised platform’
Addendum:Three Indus Script inscriptions m453, m299, m300 deciphered as metalwork karaḍā खरडें 'daybook, wealth-accounting ledgers' http://tinyurl.com/yxfbmzfw
kamadha ‘penance’ kammata ‘mint’ karã̄ n. pl. ʻ wristlets, bangles ʼ.(Gujarati) (CDIAL 2779). Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri).
mañci ‘platform’ rebus: maǹǰi ‘coastal dhow for maritime cargo’ Text script on seals is cargo manifest.

Horns. meḍha ‘ram’ rebus 1: meḍho ‘merchant’ rebus 2: med ‘copper, iron’
bā̆rihā, bāriā ‘boar’ rebus: ಬಡಗಿ baḍagi. = ಬಡಾಯಿ 1, ಬಡಿಗ, ಬಡಿಗಿ, ಬಡಿಗೆ, ಬಡಿಗ್ಯಾ, ಬಡ್ಡಗಿ. Tbh. of ವರ್ಧಕಿ (Śmd. 370) a carpenter.
कर्णक 'spread legs' कर्णक ‘helmsman’
Unicorn. singhin ‘forward-thrusting, spiny-horned’ rebus: singi ‘ornament gold’ + khoṇḍa ‘young bull’ rebus: koṇḍa ‘circular guild hamlet’ kondana ‘gem-setting’

Thus, gold-setting artisan, carpenter, merchant, helmsman is signified by the Kheri Gujar anthropomorph.
Surface find in Kheri Gujar, Haryana. Anthropomorph with ‘unicorn’ on chest + Prakrit inscription in Brāhmī script. The 30cm-high figure, which weighs 2kg, was found by Sabdar Ali, who lives in Kheri Gujar. https://historum.com/t/little-man-with-huge-potential.69989/

H-352. khareḍo = a currycomb (G.) Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (G.) karNika, kanka 'rim of jar' rebus: kaṇḍa kanka 'smelting furnace account (scribe), karNI, supercargo' karana 'messenger, despatch' कणा kaṇā m The spine or backbone (Marathi) rebus: കാണം kāṇam kāṇam T. M. C. (കാണുക 2.) 1. Possession, goods കാ. കകാതിക്ക, കാ.ഉള്ളവന് rich (Malayalam) காணம்¹ kāṇam , n. 1. [M. kāṇam.] See ககாள்ளு. (திவா.) 2. [M. kāṇam.] An ancient weight; நிறுத்தலளவவயுள் ஒன்று. (Insc.) 3. Gold; க ான். (திவா.) 4. An ancient gold coin; க ாற்காசு. ஒன் துகாப் க ான்னும் நூறாயிரங் காண முங் ககாடுத்து (திற்றுப். 60, தி.). 5. Wealth, riches; க ாருள். மேற்காண ேின்வேயால் (நாலடி, 372)(Tamil) kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'; Sign 328. bata 'rimless pot' rebus: bata 'iron' bhata 'furnace' Dots-in-circle. pota 'gold bead' rebus: pota 'metal infusion' potr 'purification' Metal infusion wealth from smithy dispatch daybook

Pair of Royal Earrings Gold: granules, snippets of wire & sheet, and individually forged and hammered pieces India, Andhra? region (Satavahana period?) c. 1st Cent. BCE So large & heavy must have distended the earlobes & rested on the shoulders https://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/39676 Royal with similar earrings design, Sanchistupa, 1 st cent. BCE. Royal standard bearer with similar earring design, Bharhut stupa, 2 nd cent. BCE. Graphemes: ibha 'elephant' rebus: ib 'iron' ibbho 'merchant'; पाां डा pāṇḍā 'tiger's cub, esp. as halfgrown' rebus: पाां ड्या pāṇḍyā 'customs registrar'; eraka 'wing' rebus: eraka 'copper, metal infusion'; karaṇi 'palmette' rebus: kāraṇi 'supercargo, scribe' + Bharhut sculptural frieze shows the sippi, 'metal sculptor' emerging out of sippi, 'mollusc, shell'. śilpin 'skilled in art', m. 'artificer' Gaut., śilpika-'skilled' MBh. [śílpa-] Pa. sippika-m. 'craftsman', NiDoc. śilpigá, Pk. sippi-,°ia-m.; A. xipini 'woman clever at spinning and weaving'; OAw. sīpī m. 'artizan'; M. śĩpī m. 'a caste of tailors'; Si. sipi-yā 'craftsman' (CDIAL 12471) śaṅkhá¹ m. (n. lex.) 'conch-shell' AV., śaṅkhaka-m.n. MBh. Or. saṅkhāri 'shell-worker'; śaṅkhadāraka-m. 'shell-cutter' (CDIAL 12263, 12265) sippi kāraṇi 'metal sculptor, supercargo'-ibha 'elephant' rebus ibbho 'merchant' pāṇḍā 'tiger cub' rebus: pāṇḍyā 'customs registrar'

Resources: Indus Script Corpora
9414+ inscriptions
Indian Lexicon, Epigraphia Indus Script – Hypertexts and meanings (3 vols.)
Sign 342 is the grapheme with the highest frequency occurrence -- >10 percent, in the Corpora. Why?

This is an explanatory addendum to: Seals are cargo manifests; sealings are Jāngaḍa invoice copies https://tinyurl.com/4ax6e8mm

Indus Script Graphemes: Sign 330 kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' + baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'iron' bhaṭa 'furnace' Sign 148. sattva 'svastika' glyph Rebus: sattu, satavu, satuvu 'pewter' (Kannada) jasta 'zinc' (Hindi) Smithy cargo of iron, pewter alloy A clay fragment found from Naurangabad with a fire alter with three flames & Swastika (300-100 BCE) https://twitter.com/chronicle_watch/status/1782415953667523070/photo/1 Note. A remarkable example of continuity of Indus Script writing system upto ca. 100 BCE

Abstract. A Bombay High Court Judgement of 1934 provides surprising leads to decipher the key of Indus Script seals and inscriptions. One unique feature of the writing system is to join parts to create images. The word for such 'joining of parts' is ज ां गड jāṅgaḍa. The word also has a similar sounding word with the semantics of 'ज ां गड jāṅgaḍa invoice on entrustment basis'. Unicorn and Standard device which occur on over 2000 seals of Indus Script are joined parts, namely: 1. young bull + double-sack on shoulder + spiny, forward-thrusting horn'; 2. lathe + churning container. Reading these joined parts results in the determination of form and function of the writing system.

The graphemes are: 1. dot-in-circle pota ‘gold bead’ rebus: pota ‘metal infusion’; 2.Four rice-plants ganḍa ‘four’ rebus: khanḍa ‘equipment’ + kolmo ‘rice-plant’ rebus: kolimi ‘smithy, forge’; 3. Six pellets baṭa ‘six’ rebus: bhaṭa ‘furnace’ baṭa ‘iron’ + goti ’pellet’ rebus: goti 'laterite, ferrite ore'; गोटी [gōṭī ] 'A lump of silver'; 4. Ficus glomerata loa ‘ficus’ rebus: loh ‘copper, metal’

-- Signifier shape: सांगड sāṅgaḍa ‘lathe, a body formed of two or more parts’-- Signified multiple Meluhha thought graphemes: જંગડિયો jangaḍiyo ’military treasure-guard’, sãgaḍ ‘double-canoe’ jāngaḍa ‘entrustment invoice’-- Signifier shape: dot-in-circle pota ‘gold bead’-- Signified: potr̥  ‘purifier priest’, పోత pōta ’molten, cast in metal’ 
cāli 'Interlocking bodies' (IL 3872) Rebus: sal 'workshop' (Santali) Rebus: śālika (IL) village of artisans.

The Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (NCG) in Copenhagen is in possession of one of three glazed brick reliefs from the Babylonian entrance complex acquired by the Museum in 1930 from the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin-the 'Unicorn' of Ishtar Festival Procession Gate of 6th cent. BCE-Sign Buccarella et al, 2016, Babylonian Blues: Studying the blue and turquoise-green glazes of the Ishtar Gate and the Processional Way Lydia Electrum coin, 6 th cent. BCE. arya 'lion' rebus: ara 'brass' गोटी [ gōṭī ] 'round pebbles, stones' rebus: गोटी [ gōṭī ] 'A lump of silver' panja 'claw of feline' rebus: panja 'kiln' konda 'young bull' rebus: kōda-कोँद ।'kiln'; kundana 'fine gold' khoṇḍ, kõda 'young bull-calf' Rebus 1: kũdār 'turner' + koḍ 'horn' rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. This artifact sets the world's Gold Standard.

Two sealings of Lothal L-210, L-208 show how seals were used for accounting control of maritime cargo products from workshop to warehouse . Seals used for creating these sealins include field symbols of ‘unicorn’+ ‘standard’ which signify jāngaḍa invoices, maritime cargo manifests entrusted to the treasure-guard messenger for despatch. It is inferred that sealings were retained as a record of jāngaḍa invoices for valuable cargo sent with the messenger. Note. jāngaḍa invoices are issued on entrustment basis to the MERCANTILE AGENT (1938 Bombay High Court Judgement). Ownership of articles continues with seller until agent executes the sale.

Field symbol graphemes on Ur seal: araṇa 'wild buffalo' rebus araṇa 'smithy'; pattar 'feeding trough' rebus: pattar 'goldsmith guild'; OP. koṭhārī f. 'crucible', P. kuṭhālī f., H. kuṭhārī f. (CDIAL 3546) rebus: kuṭhāru 'armourer' (Monier-Williams) Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh6y05Jynj4&t=195s Writing and Administration in the Indus Civilization-D. Frenez, 2023

Seal impression and reverse of seal from Ur (U.7683; BM 120573) Ur, Iraq (British Museum); image of bison and cuneiform inscription; cf. Mitchell 1986: 280-1 no.7 and fig. 111; Parpola, 1994, p. 131: signs may be read as (1) sag(k) or ka, (2) ku or lu orma, and (3) zi or ba (4)?. The common value: sag-ku-zi This may be called Gadd Seal 1 of Ur since this was the first item on the Plates of figures included in his paper. Gadd, CJ, 1932, Seals of ancient Indian style found at Ur, in: Proceedings of the British Academy, XVIII, 1932, Plate 1, no. 1. Gadd considered this an Indus seal because, 1) it was a square seal, comparable to hundreds of other Indus seals since it had a small pierced boss at the back through which a cord passed through for the owner to hold the seal in his or her possession; and 2) it had a hieroglyph of an ox, a characteristic animal hieroglyph deployed on hundreds of seals. "…it is quite likely that Indus bead traders, or naturalized families maintaining contacts with the Indus valley, identified themselves on the base of seals showing short-horned bulls.. (Massimo Vidale, 2005, The Short-Horned Bull on the Indus Seals: a Symbol of the Families in the Western Trade? South Asian Archaeology,p. 155)." I suggest that barad 'bull' signifies bharat 'mixed, factitious alloy of copper, pewter, tin etc.' Sag 'head' क ु सीद kusīda 'head money-lender' Ur seal Sumerian sign SAG 'head' KALYĀNA KARAṆA KOŚA

Decipherment Of Sarasvati-Sindhu-Seals ॥अम्बि॑ तमेे॒ नद ि॑ तमेे॒ दे वी ि॑ तमेे॒ सरस्वती। अे॒ प्रे॒ शे॒ स्ता इि॑ व स्मससे॒ प्रशि॑ मस्तम्ब नस्क ृ धि॥ (ऋग्वे द 2.41.16) "The primary focus of the project centres on extensive research related to the Indus seal script and its epigraphy, a field in which Dr. Srinivasan Kalyanaraman is a leading authority. The project's objective is to systematically gather and digitally document all of Dr. Kalyanaraman's work. This includes a meticulous examination and compilation of his script decipherments and valuable insights… By collecting, documenting, and enhancing this valuable body of research, the project aims to make a substantial contribution to future studies of the Indus script. It represents a collaborative endeavour to advance our understanding of this ancient civilization and its script. In doing so, the project bridges the gap between past and present knowledge, shedding new light on the profound and enigmatic world of the Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization."
https://ignca.gov.in/hi/bharat-vidya-prayojana-bvp-phase-ii/decipherment-of-sarasvati-sindhu-seals/

https://ignca.gov.in/bvpapp/view.php Search the database

https://ignca.gov.in/PDF_data/project_report_rf.pdf Project Report submitted by the Research Fellows

Sign 147. This is a hypertext expression composed of graphemes: 1. One long numeral stroke; 2. cross; 3. Six ingots: 1. koḍa 'one' rebus: koḍ 'artisan's workshop'; 2. dāṭu 'cross' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore'; 3. The numeral count of SIX mũhe bun-ingots: bhaṭa 'six '; rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace'. mũhe 'ingot' (Santali) mũhã̄= the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have today produced pig iron (Santali.Campbell) Sign 418. Sign 12. kuti 'water-carrier' rebus: kuthi 'smelter' Sign 59 variant loop. kárṇikā'pericarp of a lotus' MBh; M. kānī f. 'loop of a tie-rope' (CDIAL 2849) rebus: kāraṇī 'supercargo of a ship' (CDIAL 3058) Sign 342. karnaka'rim of a cup' (CDIAL 2831) rebus: karnaka 'helmsman' Sign 373. mũhã̄'furnace produce, ingot' Sign 171. maĩd ʻrude harrow' rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' Composition of graphemes, maritime Meluhha trade glossary KARAṆA KOŚ A KALYĀNA Rebus Meluhha: A1) jāngaḍa system of invoicing on entrustment basis A2) sanghāṭa, jangada, jaṅgala 'double-canoe, cargo boat, catamaran' A3) jangaḍiyo 'military guard who accompanies treasure into the treasury' (Gujarati) ചങ്ങാതം caṅṅātam cǎṇṇāδam id. (Malayalam) A4) Sk. Saṅghāta सम ु दाय; a combination; a collection.

Who created the epigraphs?
Village of Artisan guilds; they were engravers, artists, scribes; cāli 'Interlocking bodies' (IL 3872) Rebus: sal 'workshop' (Santali) Rebus: śālika (IL) village of artisans + kul ‘tiger’rebus: kol ‘working in iron’.

a) Kish seal (IM 1822) reported by Mackay in 1925; b) M-228 Seal The two seals are NOT from the same mould. This is evident from the facts 1) that 'standard' in front of the two 'unicorns' are different in shape; and 2) that 'middle sign' on text script are distinctly of different orthographic style; on Kish seal the splinter strokes are vertical while on Mohenjodaro seal the splinter strokes are slanted.
Kish seal (IM 1822); source: Sumerian Connexions with Ancient India by Ernest MacKay The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, No. 4 (Oct., 1925), pp. 697-701 https://www.jstor.org/stable/25220818

Pandya Kingdom, Sangam period, Anonymous bronze unit, c. 3rd - 1st century BCEWeight: 7.82 gm., Dim: 29 x 22 mm. Elephant right, barred trident and altar before, various symbols above /Stylized fish (Pandya dynastic symbol)Ref: MAC 4988-95, Krishnamurthy 52-54
11 graphemes of Pandya coin rebus: metalwork merchant, trade categories

pattar 'feeding trough' + paṭṭi 'stripe'Rebus: pattar paṭṭi 'goldsmith' araṇa 'wild buffalo' rebus araṇa 'smithy' barad, balad 'ox' Rebus: bharata, baran 'metal alloy' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) gaṇḍa 'rhinoceros'; rebus: khaṇḍ 'tools, pots and pans and metalware'. kola 'tiger, jackal' (Kon.); rebus: kol 'working in iron' kula 'guildmaster', kolhe 'smelter' kole.l 'smithy' + entwined. śālika 'entwined'' śālika 'village of artisans' mr̤ eka, melh 'goat' rebus: milakkhu 'copper' khūṭ Brahmani bull (Kathiawar G.) H. khuṭ m. ʻcorner, directionʼ(CDIAL 3898) rebus: khūṭ 'community, guild'; पोळ pōḷa 'zebu' rebus: पोळ pōḷa 'magnetite ore' miṇḍāl 'markhor' (Tōrwālī) meḍho a ram, a sheep (Gujarati)(CDIAL 10120) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Munda.Ho.) kaṇḍe 'ear of millet, maize' rebus: khaṇḍa 'equipment' खोंड khōṇḍa 'young bull' rebus: कोंड kōṇḍa 'circular guild-hamlet' +

kuṭi 'water-carrier' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' meḍha 'polar star' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic) medho 'merchant' + dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' + mũh 'lozenge-shape (split parentthesis)' rebus: mũh '(copper) ingot' mũhã̄= the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron smelters' (Santali) Four dots-in-circle. Ganḍa 'four' rebus: khanḍa 'equipment' pota 'bead' rebus: pota 'metal infusion' Three lines. kolom 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'

-- rebus clues to Indus Script Cipher as Meluhha visual language on copper calling cards
meḍ 'body',  mẽḍhā 'curved horn' meḍḍha 'ram meḍho 'ram' rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (ram hieroglyph, (human) body hieroglyph) + कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 , 3 rebus: कर्णिक having a helm; a steersman; कुळकरणी kuḷakaraṇī ‘accountant, scribe’ + ayo ‘fish’ rebus: ayas 'alloy metal’; ayo meḍho 'metal merchant’; ayo mēdhā 'metal expert’  Brāhmī text. samjñaga 'symbol, sign' kī ma jhi tha 'of Majhitha’ ṣa (ta?) ḍa ya ṣad-ya, m. one who takes part in an assembly, spectator; *majjhika 'boatman'. [Cf. maṅga- ?]N. mājhi, mā̃jhi 'boatman'; A. māzi 'steersman', B. māji; Or. mājhi 'steersman', majhiā 'boatman', Bi. Mth. H. mā̃jhī m.(CDIAL 9714) ताडघः tāḍagha ‘smith’ ( Pāṇ. iii, 2, 55.) badhia ‘boar’ rebus: baḍhi ‘worker in iron and wood

K-121. Inscription on two sides of instrument. 8302 First grapheme identified as adze Sign 127. ṭaṅka2 m.n. ʻ spade, hoe, chisel ʼ R. 2. ṭaṅga-2 m.n. ʻ sword, spade ʼ lex.1. Pa. ṭaṅka-m. ʻ stone mason's chisel ʼ; Pk. ṭaṁka-m. ʻ stone-chisel, sword ʼ; Woṭ. ṭhõ ʻ axe ʼ; Bshk. ṭhoṅ ʻ battleaxe ʼ, ṭheṅ ʻ small axe ʼ (< *ṭaṅkī); Tor. (Biddulph) "tunger" m. ʻ axe ʼ (ṭ? AO viii 310), Phal. ṭhō˘ṅgif.; K.ṭonguru m. ʻ a kind of hoe ʼ; N. (Tarai) ṭãḡi ʻ adze ʼ; H. ṭãkī f. ʻ chisel ʼ; G. ṭãk f. ʻ pen nib ʼ; M. ṭãk m. ʻ pen nib ʼ, ṭãkī f. ʻ chisel ʼ.2. A. ṭāṅgi ʻ stone chisel ʼ; B. ṭāṅg,°gi ʻ spade, axe ʼ; Or. ṭāṅgi ʻ battle-axe ʼ; Bi. ṭãḡā,°gī ʻ adze ʼ; Bhoj. ṭāṅī ʻ axe ʼ; H. ṭãḡī f. ʻ hatchet ʼ. (CDIAL 5427) ṭaṅka1 m.n. ʻ weight of 4 māṣas ʼ ŚārṅgS., ʻ a stamped coin ʼ Hit.,°aka-m. ʻ a silver coin ʼ + sal 'splinter' rebus sal 'workshop' Thus stamped coin mint. ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥ gveda) PLUS khambhaṛā 'fishfin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage'.kanka, karṇika 'rim of jar' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo,scribe' कर्णि क 'steersman, helmsman'. meḍ 'body' rebus: meḍ 'iron' med 'copper' (Slavic) kāṭi 'body stature' rebus: kāṭi 'furnace' khātī 'wheelwright' manḍa 'arbour, canopy' mãḍ ʻarray of instruments' PLUS dula 'duplicated' rebus: dul 'metalcasting.

Horned hunter and a tiger being dragged, drawn by a chord 
The grapheme, kaṇḍe ‘ear of millet’ on horned-head-dress of the warrior also appears on the chest of Altyndepe divine figurine.
K-119. Pl. XXII B.  ASI excavation report. Terracotta cake with incised figures on obverse and reverse, Harappan. On one side is a human figure wearing a head-dress having two horns and a plant in the centre; on the other side is an animal-headed human figure with another animal figure, the latter being dragged by the former. 

K-51. 8002. Sign 241. ṭaṅkaśālā ‘mint’ Sign 59 ayo 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) + khambhaṛā 'fish-fin rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage’. Sign 51. kāra ‘ear’; rebus: khāra 'blacksmith’; śrēṣṭhin khār ‘squirrel’ rebus: śrēṣṭhin khār ‘guild-master

-- Kalibangan seal k51 read as E18A NFK Indus Font; National Fund for Mohenjodaro, Indus Font --Shabir Kumbhar, Amar Fayaz Buriro and Dr. Kaleemullah Lashari; Sign 59 fish grapheme linked to Sign 241 ‘squirrel’ grapheme + Sign 241 ‘mint’ grapheme, cf. Nindowari seal Nd-1. https://www.harappa.com/blog/free-complete-indus-font-package-available
--The suffix  to ‘squirrel’ is read as ayokammata ‘alloy metal mint’ (Pali) or ayas karmasthāna ‘workplace, factory’
-- Thus, Kalibangan seal reads: śrēṣṭhin khār kammaṭa, ṭaṅkaśālā ‘blacksmith-guild-master of mint’

Superb examples of orthographic fusion of graphemes to account for & realise a Meluhha trade glossary.

--Sign 147 on K-79 and on M-112 Sign 147 documented on K-79 and also on M-112 signifies furnace & workshop for metal cast ingots. Sign 418 on K-79 signifies metalwork gallery, meluhha trade glossary (also detailed on M-112) Superb examples of orthographic fusion of graphemes to account for & realise a Meluhha trade glossary. Cargo (of) minerals, metals merchant, alloymetal, smelter, ferrite ore unwrought metal, cast metal ingot workshop, furnace produce

This complements the presentation of hundreds of inscriptions detailing cargo manifests. Epigraphia Indus Script in 3 vols. present Meluhha readings of select inscriptions of Indus Script corpora. Graphemes are veritable trade glossary of the bronze age. Hundreds of cargo manifests Meluhha graphemes of trade glossary-Brief Indus Script Inscriptions, series 76-472 https://tinyurl.com/bdhxs62z

This complements the presentation of hundreds of inscriptions detailing cargo manifests. Epigraphia Indus Script in 3 vols. present Meluhha readings of select inscriptions of Indus Script corpora.

Graphemes are veritable trade glossary of the bronze age. Hundreds of cargo manifests Meluhha graphemes of trade glossary-Brief Indus Script Inscriptions, series 76-472 https://tinyurl.com/bdhxs62z

-- Field symbols are account categories
-- Signs are Meluhha kośa of graphemes of wealth accounts
-- Meluhha kośa is compiled from the evidence of Brief Indus Script Inscriptions, series 1-75 cargo manifests; thus, Indus Script accounting system is presented.

Series 2. Continuation from -- Fifteen indus script inscriptions are deciphered as maritime cargo manifests. Brevity of graphemes stunningly results in accounting detail of maritime cargo manifests. https://tinyurl.com/44f9apc7 Brief Indus Script Inscriptions, series 1-15 cargo manifests

--"Brevity is the soul of wit“– Shakespeare, Hamlet; riches merchandise to win us wealth-- Cipher indicators of logographic visual language of Meluhha graphemes-- Cryptogram and alphabet/syllable ciphers are falsified

The streams of pleasant Soma flow to Bhaga, MitraVaruna-, Wellknowing-through his mighty powers. Heaven and Earth, riches of meath to win us wealth: Gain for us treasures and renown. (RV 9.6.8) kul 'tiger' rebus: kula 'headman of guild', kol 'working in iron' krammara 'look back' rebus: kamar 'blacksmith' kuthi 'tree' rebus: kuthi 'smelter' pattar 'worshipper' rebus: pattar 'goldsmith guild' kara 'arm' rebus: khara 'blacksmith' bata 'pot' rebus: bata 'iron' bhata 'worshipper, furnace' pota 'bead' rebus: pota 'metal infusion' + ayo 'fish' rebus: ayas 'alloymetal' + bata 'rimless pot' rebus: bhata 'furnace' + muka 'ladle' rebus:muha 'furnace produce' + kuthi 'watercarrier' renus: kuthi 'smelter'

Meluhha graphemes: mũh 'face' karṇī 'ear' karṇī 'scraper' pōḷa 'zebu' (horns) singhin 'spiny-horned खोंड khōṇḍa 'young bull' काां ठाळ kāṇṭhāḷa 'double-sack' ḍhangra 'bull' kul, kola 'tiger' ṭaṁka, ṭaṅga (Pkt.Sindhi) 'thigh of a bovine' phaḍa-ʻsnake's hood dhaṭu 'scarf' danta-'tooth, tusk' Rebus (homonyms, or similar sounding) Meluhha words. mũhã̄ 'furnace produce' kāraṇī कारणी 'supercargo' khara 'blacksmith' pōḷa 'magnetite ore' singi 'ornament gold' कोंड kōṇḍa 'circular hamlet' कण्ठालः kaṇṭhālaḥ 'boat, maritime' ṭhākur ʻblacksmithʼ kol 'working in iron' फडा phaḍā 'metals manufactory ṭaṅka 'coin' ṭaṅka-šālā 'mint' : dhatu 'ore'.

--Red pigment (vermillion?) had filled the trefoil and dotted circle hieroglyphs on the statue
trō̃ŕyak ‘clover’ (Kalasha-Dardic)  rebus त्र्यम्बका, ‘3 eyes’ *त्र्यर्क ‘3 flashes of sun, moon & fire’ rebus: tryambak, (worker in ‘three copper minerals
Trefoil is designed as 'three partially overlapping circles'; thus, circle is the key semantic component. This may signify spiritual dignity as seen on the shawl of Mohenjo-daro priest. This statuette clearly indicates that the design is composed of overlapping circles, because a dot-in-circle and two dots-in-circles are also shown.
If derived from a dot-in-circle, the grapheme may be pota ‘bead’ or పోత pōta. adj. Molten, cast in metal. పోతచెంబు a metal bottle or jug, which has been cast not hammered. .  జలపోత or జలపోసనము [Tel. జలకము+పోసనము.] n. Gilding with gold leaf. ఆకుపోత āku-pōta. n. Transplantation of a green crop. ఆకుపోయు āku-pōyu. v. a. To transplant corn. పోతము [Skt.] n. A vessel, boat, ship. ఓడ. The young of any animal. పిల్ల. శిశువు. An elephant ten years old, పదేండ్ల యేనుగు. A cloth, వస్త్రము. శుకపోతము a young parrot. వాతపోతము a young breeze, i.e., a light wind. పోతపాత్రిక pōta-pātrika. n. A vessel, a ship, ఓడ. "సంసార సాగరమతుల ధైర్యపోత పాత్రికనిస్తరింపుముకు మార." M. XII. vi. 222. పోతవణిక్కు or పోతవణిజుడు pōta-vaṇikku. n. A sea-faring merchant. ఓడను కేవుకు పుచ్చుకొన్నవాడు, ఓడ బేరగాడు. పోతవహుడు or పోతనాహుడు pōta-vahuḍu. n. A rower, a boatman, a steersman. ఓడనడుపువాడు, తండేలు.

-- kunda ‘lathe’ kondana कोंदण kōndaṇa ‘gem-setter in fine gold’;  kā̃grī, aṅgāriḥ f. [अङ्गार मत्वर्थे ठन् पृषोद˚ कलोपः] A portable fire-pan, brazier ಕಂಚಗಾಱ kañca-gār̤a. = ಕಂಚುಗಾಱ a worker in bell-metal, a brazier, a coppersmith M-8 shows the device with flame on surface and beads; kamaṭa ‘portable furnace’ rebus: kammaṭa ‘mint’
-- kondana  kammaṭa Copper gem-setting factory (Sign 323), crucible portable furnace (Sign 337)
koṭhā ‘belly’ rebus: kõṭhā ‘factory’
arka ‘sun’s rays’ rebus:arka ‘copper’

University of Bern Faculty of Humanities Department of Linguistics and Literary Studies Institute of Linguistics Historical Comparative Linguistics Prof. Dr. Roland Bielmeier Bachelor thesis July 31st 2009 66’338 characters
Source: http://www.isw.unibe.ch/content/e4229/e4357/e4536/e6397/e6398/BachelorthesisLucyZuberbuehler_ger.pdf
Mirrored for ready reference.

--Artificer repertoire of Meluhha artisans; Paleo-Elamite IA = Suse IV A (ca, 2450 BCE)--Susa acropolis (II level) SB 2723; A 7274; CDM XIII 287; contents of jar;Department of Oriental Antiquities, Louvre
--This is an addendum to Susa Spinner lady sculpture --Hypertext of Bhāratīya Civilization with Indus Script hieroglyphs https://tinyurl.com/4bya84vh