Official Handbook 1951. International Amateur Athletic Federations. by The Marshal

GJ,,;...

(C:

fl rr C

:'\

Jl)!z c..l"-et!

â&#x20AC;¢

INTER. It\TIONAL 1 TEUR ATHLETIC '".

HANJ)B00I(

. r

1951 5/-

}

'.':'

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION. " OFFICIAL HANDBOOK 1951. ENGLISH EDITION.

.'.:

.. ,

2 INDEX Conunittees Competition Rules Consa, II lioll Council 11istorv I Iltroell/ctioll

Page

-il 43

-7

_4 -'2.1

Members of Committees -8 Members of COllncil -7 Members of the I.A.A.F. _12 Officers. Past Present ... -,7 Officials m;d their duties ... -35 Olympic Games, Helsinki 1952Programme and Timetable 115 Records European ... 105 Olymnic Games 112 Wo,ld 98 Rilles Collsti t lltion:A Iterations to rules ... Rule 11 41 Championships-Wotld. Area, European, etc. .. 10 --30 Composition ... " ......23 1 " Congress Meetings -24 4 " Council . 6 ··26 Games-OlYmpic, Continental. Area. Regional, etc. ... ..: 10 "'30 Intcrnational Competitions" Definition ... ... ... ., 9 _28 Languages-official 3 -24 Membership ... " 7 -27 Objccts "., 2 -23 Officers 5 -25 Competitors Qualifications " 9 -28 SLlbscription fees " 7 -28 Suspenslons . .. . .. 8 -28 Title ... " _23 1 Rilles relating to Aii,'letes compete IInder l.A.A.F. Rilles 1-5 -31 " RIIles-Or!'anisation and International Competitions SECTION I-Officials and their duties:A nnounce:'s ... 15 -42 Clerks of the Course (Starter's Assistants) 11 - 41 Docto;,s " 1 - 36 Judges 7 -38 "

s ..

of Appeal SCOfCl

M,t,a(ger Marshal Officials Recordcr Referees Sccretaly Starter Stcwalds Surveyor

Technical Manager

Timekeepers Umpires SEcroN lI-Competition:Trials in matches Clothing Numbers Lanes Obstlllction Running in lanes Leaving track Time announcing Assistance Order of competing Competing in other events Change of place for events Doping Entries Measwements and Weights 0111cial Athletic Implements Protests ROLlnds, Heats and QU1lifying Trials Tics World Records ... SECT:ON III-Running EVCIlts:Cross Country Finish HLl:dles Lanes Marathon Relay Start Steeplechase Track Team SECTION IV-lulIlping EI'C'Ilts:General Hop, Step and J limp Pole VaLllt ...

" " " " " " " "

" " "

" " " " " " " " " " "

" " " " " " " " " ,."

" " " " " " " " "

" "

5 12

2 14 I 13 6 3

1 16 4 9 8

Page "'37 Al -36

-·35 -42 -37

-40 -36 -42 .37 -39 -39

18(1) 18(2) 18(3) 18(4) 18(5) 18(6) 18(7) 18(8) 18(9) 18(0) 18(1) 18(1)

43 43 43 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44

17 21 25

19 22 24

45 48

33 27 28 26

61 54 56 53

30 31

50 50

60 54 58 53 61

34 39 36,

62 66 64

29 26

4 Running High Jump

Running Long Jump

Standing High Jump Standing Long Jump

V-Throwing Evellts:-

SECTION

Discus

General

Hammer

Javelin Shot

VI-Walking Events VII-Combined Evellls:-

SECTION SECTION

Pentathlon Decathlon SECTION VIII official

S peeificatiollS

Implements

Circles

and

fol' Apparatus

Finish Posts

" "

Hamnler

Hammer Cage Hurdles Javelin

Jumping and Vaulting Standards

" " " "

" "

Rules for European Championships Rules for European Records ... Rules for Olympic Games Veterans of the lA.A.P. . .. TVarid Championships-Results

1912-1946 Past 1912-1914 1914-1930 1930-1946

" " " " "

" "

Discus

Relay Batons Sectors Sector Flags Shot Starting Blocks Stop Board ... Take-off Board Vaulting Pole

" " "

Page

35 37 38 38

64 65 66 66

42 40 44 41 43 45

70 67 70 68 70 71

46 46

72 72

55 51 62 53 54 59 50 47 60 57 58 52 61 56 49 48 1-21 1-8

83 78 79 81 76 73 82 81 81 78 '83 80 75 75 91 95 84

" " " " " " " 1-11 " _II Inside Front and Back C.pver

Past Presidents: J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). P1onorary' Secretaries: Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Hilding Kjellman (Sweden). Bo Ekelund (Sweden).

-1-,!

On the 17th July, 1912, a meeting of representatives from the athletic associations of the following countries-

Australasia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Norway, Russia and United States of America congregated in StockhoLm for the purpose of discussing #1" possibilit)t of forming an Ipternational Amateur Athletic thl" need for which had been apparent for some time pre'\Gt>uslY, due to the development in international contests and in particular ,the Olympic Games. It had 'become essential to set up an universal 00de of rules and rÂˇegulations together with a common amateur definition, which would be acceptable throughout the authentic register for World, Olympic and National records. The meeting resolved to proceed in the matter and under the patronage of H.R.H. the Crown Prince of Sweden appointed a Provisional Committee consisting of Messrs. J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden) as President, Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden) as Honorary Secretary, Carl Diem (Germany), P. L. Fisher (Gt. Britain), Pierre Roy (France), $. Stankovits (Hungary) and James E. Sullivan (United States of America), to agree to a date on which to hold the inaugural meeting in the following year, an invitation having been accepted to hold it in Berlin: also to prepare an agenda and submit to the meeting, draft rules and regulations. The inaugural meeting took place in the Preussiches Abgeordnetenhaus, Berlin, 20-23 August, 1913, when the following countries were represented: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, South Africa Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom of Gt. Britain and Ireland, and United States of America. Herr Runge (Germany) proposed the formation of the I.ntemational Amateur Athletic Federation and was supported by Mr. G. V. A. Schofield (United Kingdom), Mr. G. d. Kirby and Mr. J. E. Sullivan (U.S.A.), The proposition was carried unanimously. Subsequently draft statutes for the Federation, amateur status rules, and standard rules

6 for competition together with a list of world records was submitted, but all were referred to a Congress meetiI1g to be held the next year, for final adoption. The first officers and n:embers of the €ouncil to be elected were :-President, Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom; Hon. Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Kristian Hellstrom; Members of Council: Messrs. C. Diem (Germany), P. L. Fisher (Unitei Kingdom), F. Reichel (France), S. Stankovits (Hungary), J. E. Sullivan (U.S.A.). It is pleasurable to record that of the repl'esentatives who attended the inaugural meeting, the following still take a very live interest in the affairs of the LA.A.F., Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom, now President of the International Olympic Committee, Mr. Lauri Pihkala (Finland) and Mr. Gustavus T. Kirby (U.S.A.), whilst Mr. Trygve Lie (Norway) is now secretary of the United Nations

INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION FOUNDED in 1912 Postal address: 71, S1. George's Square, .. LO)1don, S. W.l, England. T ele-graphic address: " Marathon" London. Telephone number: Victoria 1889. '

President: LORD BURGHLEY, K.C.M.G. Honorary Life President: J. SIGFRID EDSTROM. PIonorary Life Vice President: BO EKELUND. Honorary Me,mber: /\ -F.RQF--DR:· HILDING KJELLMAN.

Organisation.

Since those early days, the LA.A.F. 'has accomplished what it set out to do. International athletics are to-day in a healthy state; competition is of a very high standard and seventy-six countries are in affiliation. Without question, the control exercised by the Federation during forty years of exi£tence has of much benefit to the sport and there is ample evidence of even greater advance in the future. In conclusion, reference must be made to the great work carried out by Mr. J. Sigfrid Edstrom who was the first President of the LA.A.F. and retained that from 1912 to 1946 when he retired. His efforts to promote good relations and athletics generallv were unceasing and it is due to his effective leadership for so many years that the Fec'eration stands so high in the field of atrateur sport. The Federation has been also fortunate in havin2; as its officers and l1'embers on the Council, men of considerabb experience in internatiolDI athletics.

','

Council.

/Lord Burghley, K.C.M.G., President, 71, St. George's Square, London, S.W.l, England. E. J. H. Holt, O.E.E., Honorary Secretary-Treasurer, ·71, St. George's Square, London, S.W.l, England. ,I Dr E L. Albe Confederacion Argentina de Deportes, . Viamonte 366, piso 6, Buenos Aires, Argentim I 0)'-iReo.uJlliy:. ,.;t.:IlfL;rrd'llge, '10 North La Salle Street, Chicago II, \ 'Illinois, U.S.A. \' N. Kalinin, All Union Section of Light Athleti:s, 4, Skatertniy Pereulok, Moscow, 69, U.S.S.R. K. Knenicky, Lehkoatleticky Obec, Sokolska, , Ujezd 450 Tyrsuv D.u.m, Prague III, Cze:hoslovakia. .. C _ P. Mericamp, Federation [Vv t 32, Boulevard Hatismann, Pans IX, France. vI.. Miettinen, Runeberginkatu 29A, Helsinki, Finland. , , A. Paulen, Akerstraat 7a, Treebeek (1.),

iti?fS i ENS

.<::jJ

N. Kalinin, All Union Section of Light Athletics, 4 Skatertny Pereulok, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R.· Delic, Zagreb, Vlaska 75/V, YUGOSLAVIA.

D.,Sondhi, Bamboo Lodge, Subavhu (Simla Hills), India. Tendeland. fu:=x\ug®ffigt. 5, HI Oslo, Norway . / B. Zauli, Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera,: fi/ Stadio Nazionale, Rome, Italy. F-;-;

1M. XP.

,c>

\ ..'

. .

Mericamp, President, 32 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris IX, FRANCE. R. Seurin, Hon. S"ecretary, 32 Boulevard Haussmann, . Paris IX, FRANCE. /E. Hermes, Ligue Royale' BeIge d'Athletisme, 61-63;' Rue du Marche aux Herbes, Brussels, BELGIUM, /" , ez;BcneSL-e'V"k&IA. ' 1. C:<'f"crump, British Amateur Athletic Board, 118 Chancery Lane, L6hdon, W.C.2. G1. & NORTHERN IRELAND. f A. Paulen, Akerstraat, 7a Treebeek (L), HOLLAND. . "' ... ' M.. Oppegaard, A/S Moss Glasvaerk, MOSS,.l':j"ORW(!,Y..

v'J.

COMMITTEES Rules and Record Committee.

A. Brundage, Chairman, 10, North La Salle Street, Chkago 2, Illinois, U.S.A. . E. J. H. Holt, Hon. Secretary, 71, St. George's Square, London, S.W.I. G1. BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND. • k R. J. Hoke, Pramerg. 6/23, Vienna IX, AUSTRIA. ¥" lit. Clemme, Ligue Royale BeIge d'AthI6tisme, 61 Rue du Marche aux Herbes, Brussels, BELGIUM J. C. da Costa, Rua Uruguayana 41, Distrite Federal, BRAZIL. ;/' E. Bosak, Porie! 12, Y.M.C.A. Prague II, CZECHOSLOVAKIA. A. H. Pedersen, c/o. Dansk Athletik-Forbund, Nojsomhedsvej 2, Copenhagen 0, DENMARK. F. A. Moran, Moran's Hotel, Talbot Street, Dublin, EIRE. v M. K. Mansour, Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation, ,', 13 Kasr EI Nil, Cairo, EGYPT. G. Jurgensen, 32, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris IX, FRANCE. . H. M. Abrahams, British Amateur Athletic Board, 118 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.2. G1. BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND. E. lonas, Hellenk Amateur Athletic Association, 4, rue .' Kapsali, Athens, GREECE. /B. Fehervari, Magyar Athletikai Szovetseg, Vorosmarty. . U.36.11.3, Budapest VI, HUNGARY. B. Zauli,...Ee4erazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera,'.Stadio· NazionaJe, via DelIo Stadio 18, Rome, ITALY. ;/ C. Forys, Polski Zwiazek Lekkoatletyczny, rue Rozbrat, 26, Warsaw, POLAND. .c: T. Erieso.n, Svenska Idrottsforbundet, Box 801, Stockholm, Co SWEDEN. r

.European

. I' ,.

actdJl.W:>

.f;; &-e.

·l.

•

Ii \. .

N. Mor.an, T.he Turkish Federation of Amateur Athletics," . Necatib",y Caddeso, Ankara, TURKEY. "N. Kalinin,. All Union SectiOn of Light Athietics, _ 4- Skatertny pereulok, Moscow, U.S.S.R. Walking Gommission.

F. W. Blackmore;' President, Hen & Chckens Inn, Botley, Nr. Chesham, Bucks" G1. BRITAIN & NORTHERN , IRELAND. E. J. H. Holt, Hon. Secretary, 71, S1. George's Square, London, S.W.I.' G1. BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND. /F. Guilleux, 32 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris IX, FRANCE. £. Feh6rvari, Magyar Athletikai Szovetseg, . Vorosma'ftyU.36.11.3, Budapest VI, HUNGARY. B. ZauJi, Federazione ItaJiana di Atletica Leggera, Stadio Nazionale, via DelIo Stadio 18, Rome, ITALY. A. M. Hagen, Norges Gangforbund, Torrgt, 2, OSLO. NORWAY. Lindh6, Svenska Fri-Idrottsforbundet, Box 801, SWEDEN.

CA--<.-

11 °

B::=Bmrelet, Federation Suisse d'Athletisme Amateur, Case Postale 88, Berne-Kornhaus, SWITZERLAND. Scoring Table Commission.

L. Miettinen, President, Runeberginkatu 29 A, Helsinki, FINLAND. , / Go Guabello, StadOio Nazionale, via Dello Stadio 18, Rome, ITALY. J. H. Moerman, Brinkstraat 53 bv. Amsterdam-Oost, HOLLAND. A. Jor'beck, Sve.nska Fri-Idrottsforbundet, Box 801, Stockholm, SWEDEN. A. Brundage, J0, North La Salle Street, Chicago 2, Illinois, U.S.A. tf R. Holzer, Solteszovej 24, Bratislava, CZECHOSLOVAKIA. G,-Koell1&D'Y';=oA11d1'ass¥ooStreet,,,B,udapes1?Y::Pi·Itlj'I>LGAR,,y. Women's Commission.

P. Merican'p, President, 32, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris IX, FRANCE. r/ H. Delias, Hon. Secretary, 32, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris IX, FRANCE. D. Hiklova, Y.M.C.A. Por'fei 12, Prague II, 1/ CZECHOSLOVAIZIA. T. D. Jensen, Dansk Athletik Forbund, Postgiro 271.10, Co,penhagen, DENMARK. Mrs. W. E. Hughes, 13 Selcroft Road, Purley, Surrey,!' Gt. BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND, ENGLAND. B. Zauli, Federazione Hailian de Atletica Leggera, Stadio Nazionale, Rome, ITALY. J. H. Moerman, Brinkstraat 53 bv. Amsterdam (0), HOLLAND. ;/' Z. Paruszewski, ul. Mysliwieck 6, Warsaw, POLAND. ;/ Mme. Z. Romlnova, All Union Section of Light Athletics, 4 SkatertJ1;! Pereulok, Moscow 69, U.S.S.R. Modern Pentathlon Committee

B. Lindman, Box 801, Stockholm, SWEDEN. G. T. KIRBY, c/o Amateur Athletic Union of the U.S. Woolworth Building, 233, Broadway, New York, U.S.A.

VETERANS

OF THE

I.A,A.F.

H.M. The King of Sweden. The Lord Burghley, K.C.M.G. (Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland). Harold M. Abrahams (Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland). Avery Brundage (U.S.A.). -.? Friedrich Burger (Germany) ,..- Charles J. Dieges (U.S.A.). ./ Carl Diem (Germany). J. Sigfrid Edstrom (Sweden). Bo Ekelund (Sweden). E. Hermes (Belgium). E. J. H. Holt, O.RE. (Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland). ,- Evan A. Hunter, C.B.E. (Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaston Jurgenson (France). Gustavus T. Kirby (U.S.A.). Hilding Kjellman (Sweden). Bo. Lindman (Swede.n). Lauri Miettenen (Finland). Paul Mericamp (France). ""'" Justus W. Meyerhof (Germany). Frederick A. Moran (Eire). Mogens Oppegaard (Norway). Adrian Paulen (Netherlands). .-- Lauri Pihkala (Finland). _____ Oscar Rosenvinge-Kolcerup (Norway). annes unge erman ). J. R. Seurin ranee). G. D. Sondhi (India). 9. Tendeland (Norway).

':.. °lcp1

Deceased

Sir Harry J. Barclay (Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland). William M. Barnard (Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland). J. E. Chryssafis (Greece). Leopold Englund (Sweden). J. Genet (France). Kristian Hellstrom (Sweden). Murray Hulbert (U.S.A.).

12 3. Kishi (Japan). Joe B. MacCabe (U.S.A.) E. S. Marks (Australia). J. G. Mer,rick (Canada). Franz Reichel (France). F. W. Rubien (U.S.A.). G. V. A. Schofield'(Gt. Britain and Northern Ireland) Sz;ilard Stankovits (Hungary). RobGrt M. Thompson (United States). Hermann Wraschtil (Austria).

, •

2, /i..

LIST OF MEMBERS , AFGHANISTAN. Olympic Association of c/o Prime Minister's Office, Kabul. Founded 1930. Cables: "Olympic". ALBANIA. Federation Sportive Albanaise, Tirane. Cables: "Federation Sportive". Founded 1930. ARGENTINE. Confederacion Argel)tina de Deportes, Viamonte 1366, piso 6, Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic. Orh1es: "Cadcao". Founded 1919. AUSTRALIA. 4/ Ca.n..1 i"""j .k.",( Amateur Athletic Union of! Australia, "810, OKfgnl 4. V<:{ S 1M I " South' Wales, Australia. .- Cables: "Amathunion, Sydney". Founded 1897. All STRIA. Oste;reichischer Leichtathletik-Verband, . __..-" Lowengasse 47 (Hochparterre), Vienna III. C "OLV Wien". Founded 1900. _JL"BELGIUM. . .. Ligue Royale BeIge d'Athletisme, 61-63 Rue du Marche-aux-Herbes, Bruxel,les. Cables: "Belgathletic". Founded 1889. BERMUDA. Bermuda Amateur Athletic Assqciation, "\I P.O. Box 5$3, Hamilton, Bermuda. Founded 1946.

BOLIVIA. Federaci6n Atletica de Bolivia, Avenida Montes 736, La Paz, Bolivia. Cables: "Fedatletica". Founded 1929. BRAZIL. Confedera9ao Brasileil:l de Desportos, Caixa Postal 1078, r. ;,0 de Janeiro, Brazil. I. Cables: "Desportos". Founded 1914. { BRITISH GUIANA. Amatem Athletic Associa,tion &Crlists' U,nion iJ .. of B.G., P.O. Box 134, Georgetown British Guiana. "Uv'-'!} Cables: '''Athlete ".. \Founded 1948. , BULGARIA. ," . . Section RepubJicaine d'Athletisme, aupres du COfl1ite Supreme de Culture Physique et des Sports, . Boris 1,135, Sofia, Bulgaria. Cables: "Vekafese-Sofia". Founded 1949. BURMA. /' VI Burma National Amateur Athletic Federation, ..... -L'-j P.O. Box 771, B.A.A. Stadium, Rangoon. j M Cl.. Founded 1947 CANADA. v n . Amateur Athletic Union of Canada, '2-'''' 593, Spruce Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. . . Cables: "Amateur". Founded l88t.,Q i CEYLON. • / Kl- . IL .' Ceylon Amateur Athletic Association, c/o. P. Julian Grero, Shangri-La, Road, Colombo 5, Ceylon. . Founded 1922. Cables: "Athletics" CHILE. 0 Federacion Atletica de Chile, / Casilla /J20, Santiago de Chile. , Cables: "Fedil!chi". ounded 1947. CHIN . "";---J National Amateur. AtI1let!c Federation, X ,,'f -, . 77Chlen ICc Road, "P'(dllltiU£" CllIfia. /'

;. ,';;

It.-

f:v,,;,

'j .I

It-ul

C (:'i

/1/

:y::?

.0.,.

S';l

1 I

Founded

,z, '

. 2'1 FRANCE. Federation

d'Athletisme, 32, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris 9. Cables:" Fedathleti ". GERMANY. .J)eutscher Leichtathletik-Verbund, ){; M:;pu,J Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 137, Kasel. f. . v I, Cables: "Leichtathletik Kasel ".

CUBA>. Union Atletica de Amateurs de Cuba, Edif La Metropolitana, 810-811, Habana, Cuba. Cables: "Fenaliso, Habana". __ Founded 1922. CZECHOSLOVAKIA. . Ceskoslovens', bec SlIkolsk \. / Praha Tyrsuv du ,/ /' Ca s:" Sokol :x.a <l '. DENMARK. - 1,:D Dansk Athletik Forbund, '1'c/".c./ Nojsomhedsvej 2, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,.t::, / Founded 1907 ECUADOR. Federacion Deportiva Nacional del Ecuador, Palacio Municipal, Correo Apartado 248" Guayaquil, Ecuador. Founded 1925. Cables: "Fedenador". EGYPT. ,-'" J Egyptian Amateur Athletic Federation, 13, Kasr el Nil, Cairo, Egypt. Founded 1910. " ') EIRE., . .L..:> Union, Eire,

. IQ

2°1 4' '5(:,

3) .

I')..

l<1

".v:.

. .

ETHIbPIA. '. .:::; . .... J' National Ethiopian Sports COI1GlJeratioil.!Sl.Y P.O .Box 940, Addis-Ababa.

,FIJI.'

?:S

Fiji Amateur Sports Association, Tolo Buildings, Suva, Fiji. . FINLAND. ":1, I..:l Suomen U rheiluliitto, Simonkatu 12A, Hj'!lSinki, Finland. Cables: ,. Urheiluliitto "

33 I

1948.

Fouilded 1949.

Founded 1906,

Founded 1920.

4Founded 1898, Reformed 1949.

GOLD COAST. The Gold Coast Amateur Athletic Association, Founded 1944. P.O. Box 341, Accra. GREAT BRITAIN & NORTHERN IRELAND. British Amateur Athletic Board, Crow.n Chambers, 118 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.2. Cables: "Athlete, Estrand, London", Founded 1932. GREECE. Hellenic Athletic Association, 4, KapsaliStreet, Athens',?reece . Cables: "Segas-Athens . Founded 1897. GUATEMALA. Federacion de Atletismo de Guatemala, 6,.Avenida Sur, No. 17, Guatemala City, Central America. Cables: "Atletismo".,. HO D

HUNGARY. Magyar AtI1letikai Szovetseg, f Bajezi £os. ttl. 18 sz. Biidapest VI, Hungary. .tW"J J{. V. Hold bd.... Foundec!) 897. , / ICELAND. \. ''1, Icelandic Athletic, Union, I P.O. Box 1099, Re'ykjavik, Iceland. Founded 1912. Cables:" Idrottasambancl ".

"1'/

16 INDIA. Amateur Athletic Federation of India, Mayo College, Ajmer, India. Founded Cables: "Mayo College, Ajmer". INDONESIA. Persatuan Atletik Seluruh Indonesia, Founded Djl. Borobudur 18, Djakarta. IRAN. Iranian Amateur Athletic Federation, /! Tarbiat Badani, Teheran, Iran. -1.Vv-tj 'J'1Y'" Cables:" Tarbiatbadani Teheran". Founded IRAQ. The Iraq Amatenr Athletic Association, c/o The Royal Sporting Club, Baghdad, Iraq. Founded fA'\) ISRAEL t1;" Sports Fed!,ration of Israel, /1./LN"1 P.O. Box ·1526 Tel-Aviv. Founded ITALY. . VI Federazione Italiana di Atletica Leggera, I _'"' Stadio N aziona1e, Rome. Cables: "f'ida1 Roma". Founded ","V JAMAICA. / _ .Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association, 38, South Parade, Kingston. Founded . JAPAN. ' i\j Nip;v'1l Rikujo-Kyogi Remmei, ".. SUr'.lgadai, Kanda, Tokyo. .Founded ,- 1 )",,,"les. "Zennihon, Tokyo" . ACt K O R M . < . Korea Athletic AssolCatio;p.,

.If\

1\\

rFil-.

vv:¥

LUXEMBURG. Federation Luxembourgeoise d'Athletisme, P.O. Box 104, Esch Alzette, Luxemburg.

1Jr 9 1936.

SO 1948.

'?1 '

1931.

[21898. " {' .L

Lagos, Nigeria.

/' OOR'4.11lb . ' 3 W' ,-

.'. .

,I,J, \\ , "., •

,.--'

'T'" Ol;ggata ') "0 .' sI O"w

1925.

Faderation Libanaise Omnisport, .• c/o M.A.W. Ramadan, 21 Avenue des 'fAWL. Beyrouth. F0l1nded 1945. l},\' LIltCHTENSTEIN. . \ Landes·Sportverband fur das Furstentum '4.n If'.. Liechtenstein, Balzers, Furstentum, Liechtenstein. •", V'-"J Cables:" Landessportvel'band Schaan,'F.L.". . Foupded 1936.

MEXICO. /' ,Confeduacion Deportiva Mexicalla, f ,1< plaza Buenavista 2, Mexico D.F. Founded NETHERLANDS. Koninkljke Nederlandse Athletiek Unie, Founded Brinkstraat 53 by. Amsterdam-Oost. NEW ZEALAND. , New.Zealand Amateur Athletic Association G.p.mEox 741, Wellington c.r., New Zealand. Cables: "EJ....lr ; E' &181<". Founded NIGERIA. Amateur Athletic Association of efts DSt3ltrWMofit sf LaB@ll}"; ll.£@ COblfSC Rpfl4

£.'""/-

1932.

:'(?N>c lolor:1ded KU('lt.-I"l- {,..ONPU r<.

Association, 13 1'Ife.",'"'.5'; St. Lawrence Street,""SlIenla, }1 alta \ Cables: "Athlete". '5r.{vJl;.:.-w<>. Founded 1928.

1950.

t\"

,-:, IVI ffY,s· (' MALU.· if 4 Malta Amateur Athletic

1946.

.:\

j'A PAKISTAN.

1901.

1887.

.--< "

H·Ch, S c."

fo.

.' Fbunded 1944.

.0'

Chbles ;." Fri-idl;ett&!orbundet". { ..:If· '

1933.

•

. Founded 1896.

Olympic· P..-ssociation, E: 10 l.crIar §el,looi of fhyslcal 'II dlilIIlg, Ihkul, .. Founded 1947. .{PANAMA. J . Comision Nacional de Atletismo de Panama, Departamento de Ducacion Fisica, Apartado 1630, Republic de Panama. Cables: "Atletismo Educfisica ". Founded 1945.

.1,

.:-

1'8 PERD. /l 11V Federacjon Peruana de Atletismo, General la Ferenta 590, Lima. Cables: "Atleperu". Founded 1927. . PHILIPPINES. :('\ Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation, Rlzal Memorial Coliseum, Vito Cwz, Manila. Philippines. Cables: "Paafmanila'.. c-'" Founded 1911. POLAND. Pc-e<skt1(kle.k__ J)L . c . fl-... N . RoJEkl 6wtazek Lekk"atlefyczny, e.J .""cJ ... ·7 Rne }?nbrat 2", Warsaw. 0::::. L Founded 1920. PORTUGAL. 6c;Kffi:F. '1'. '" .r::, Federacao Portuguesa de Atletismo, /11c.."-4 de.. A¥0fllda DUqH8 de LeH-l-e-J.§', Llsboa. Founded 1921. PUERTO-RICO. Puerto Rico Athletic Federation, (go c j 0 Mr. Julio E.. Monagas, Chairman Recreation and Parks Coml11ission, San Juan, Puerto Rico. Founded 1947. ROUMANIA, Pentru Cultura Fizica si Sport, /.1) . Stl. Vasle, Conta 16, BllGaresl. Cables: "Comfiscult". Founded 1912. SAAR (P;fl;}¥isiona#. Saarlandischer Leichtathletik-B.und e.V., '" \g'L.- Saarbrucken 3, -lilLEhnBsfstl"• .44"i4, Saarland. Cables: Athletic Saarbrucken. Founded 1946. SINGAPORE. LC"'?{2..'U-st-Jl.;l'; Smgapore Amateur Athletic Association, " B" Singapore.' Founded 1934. SOUTH AFR.rCA;; (. The S.ou.th' African AmateiJr Athletic and' Cycling ASSOCiatIOn, P.O. Box 956, Cape Town. Founded 1895. Cables: "Athlete" Camps Bay. SPAIN. I. Federaeion Espanola de Atletismo, I[) Barquillo 19, Madrid. Founded 1918..

SWEDEN. Svenska Fri-Idrottsforbundet, Box 801, Stockholm. Cables: "Friidrott".

....

",,.. ....

.'-- ' . J.

--(.. ,Founded 1895.

SWITZERLAND. Federation Suisse d'Athletisme Amateur, 7 Case postale 88, Bern-Kornhaus. Cables: "Athletisme Berne ". Founded 1905.

bJ ,

SYRIA. {\( Scyrian Federation 0Bmnisports' \0 our des comptes, aghdad treet, Damascus. "", Founded 1949. THAILAND. r Samakorm Kritha Smak-Ien B'ang.Prades Thai, 58 Rong Muang Road, Bangt'Ok,;nhailand; " Founded 1948. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO. I Amateur Athletic Association of Trinidad and Tobago, 9A, Reid Lane, Belmont, P.O.S. Trinidad, B.W.I. '. , . Founded 1945. Cables: "Trina". TURKEY. . B.T.G.M. Atletizm Federasyonu, Ankara, Turkey. Cables: "Atletizm Spor Ankara". Founded 1922. UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS. . 2-. All, Union Section of Light Athletics, 4, Skatertniy Pereulok 69, Moscow. Cables: "Vsecomfiscult, Moscow':'. Founded 1924. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 4mateur Athletic Union of United States of America, 233, Broadway, New York, 7. New York. Cables: "Amathletic". Founded 1888.

.Ly

7 '"

.13

.{ f

Federacion Atletica del Uruguay, Colon 1537, Montevideo. .Cables: "Atletica".

Founded 1918.

yier- NCMAA

-&j1CNto 212-

VENEZUELA. deracion Venezolana de Atlelismo, Paraiso Instituto Na:cional de Deportes.· Caracas, Venezuela. Cables: "Colimpico". YUGOSLAVIA. Federation Yougoslave d'Athletisme, E:nez lvhh,cjiovi:t 26, 13clgraEle.. Founded 1948. Cables: "Asaj". =-' "0

='-"-d

1 $\

"'''''' 4 7 5 ,

c7f.9¥-- ..:::> 5 ,

0..

CONSTITUTION of the INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR FEDERATION

ATHLETIC

• • NOTE: -Words in these rules and all other matter importing the masculine gender shall inClude the feminine and the words of the singular person shall include the plural. The undermentioned words or letters shall bear the meaning set opposite to them:Anhletics:

I.A.A.F. :

Track and field athletics, cross country running and walking. International Amateur Athletic Federation.

Member of the Federation: National Governing Association or Federation. International Olympic I.G.C.: Committee.

RULE

Title and Composition.

1.-The title shall be the International Amateur Athletic Federation. It shall comprise duly elected national governing associations or federations of countries, in control of amateur track and field athletics, cross country running and walking, and which agree to abide by the rules and regulations of the I.A.A.F: Only one member for each country can be affiliated. 2.-The jurisdidion of members of the Federation shall be limited to the political boundaries of the country they· represellt. RULE 2. Objects of the Federation.

The objects of the Federation shall be:1(a).-To establish friendly and loyal co·noeration

between all n:embers for the benefit of amateur athletics throughout the world. 2.-To com,pile rules and regulations governing international competitions for men and women in amateur athletics. . 3.-To en£llre that all contests members of the Federation, including continental championships, regional championships and all other international competitions shall be held under the la,,'s and the rules for competition of the Federation. affiliate national governing associations and federatIOns. S.-To decide any dispute that may arise between members if called upon to do so. G.-To co-operate with the Organising Committees of the Olympic Games in carrying through the organisation of tbe athletic competitions and as delegated by the LO.C. to supervise and control all the technical arrangements. 7.-To frame r·egulations for the establishment of World Olympic and Contine.ntal amateur records in athletics. ' RULE 3. Of-fi cial Languages.

The official languages of the Federation shall be English and French and they shall be used at the Congress Meetings. The Constitution and the Rules and Regulations shall be printed in both I anguages, but the Minutes, Reports and other communications as the Council shall decide. In all cases of any difference in the interpretation of the text, the English version shall be accepted. RULE 4. Congresses

I.-The Congl:ess of the LAAF. shall consist of the President, two Vice-Presidents elected for the meeting o.nly, the Honorary Secretary, Members of the Council and by not more than five representatives delegated by each affiliated Member. 2.-A .Member of the Federation shall be represented onl)' by Its delegates. Notice of the appointment of dele-

gates, certified in writing by the Me·n:ber they represent, IT,USt be lodged with the Honorary Se:retary prior to the commencerr,ent of the Congress meeting. Delegates shall be citizens of the country they represent and shall not have coached or competed as a professional. In cases where a Member sends only one delegate he slnll be entitled -to uee the full number of votes. A delegate shall represent only one Meniber of the Federation. 3.-The Members of the Federation included in group 'A' shall be entitled to eeven votes each; those in group , B ' to five votes each; those in group , C' to three votes each, and those in group' D ' to one vote each. (Also see Rule 7.) 4.-The Congress shall be convened biennially and the venue shall be fixed at the preceding meeting. S.-The President of the Federation shall preside at all Congress meetings. In his abseilce the meeting shall appoint one of the elected G.-The Congress only shall have power to approve or alter any constitutional rule. All additions, amendments or aHerations to the Constitutional Rules must obtain 51 per cent of the total voting po·wer of the LAAF. or twothirds of -the voting power present, whichever is the lesser. 7.-A special Congress may be called, ,provided not less notice in than fiftee'-1 Members of the Federation writing to the Honorary Secretary stating they desire such a meeting and the reasons relating thereto. Upon receipt of any such notice, the Honorary Secretary shall summon a meeting of the Con!!ress within three rronths. 8.-In recognition of valued services given to the cause of international athletics, Congress shall be entitled to elect an Honorary Life President and not more than three Honorary Life Vice-Presidents, without power. RULE 5. Officers.

The President and the Honorary Secretary shall be elected by the Congress, each for a term of four years. They shall reside in the same country. The officers shall be ex-officio n:embers of all committees and commissions.

on the proceedings and finances of the Federation, together with a budget for the succeeding two years. (i) In cases of great importance requiring an immediate decision it shaH have power to summon an Extraordinary Congress of the Federation.

RULE 6. Council.

1.-The Council shaH be elected by Congress, for a term of four years, with powers and duties as set out hereafter. The Council shaH consist of the President and the Honorary Secretary of the Federation and ten additional representatives from different countries other than that of the President and Honorary Secretary. (Also see Rule 5.) 2.-The officers and members of the Council shall serve until their successors are appointed and take office. 3.-In the absence of the Preside!}t, the Honorary Secretary shaH preside. 4.-The President and the Honorary Secretary shall each have a vote. The President in the case of a tie in the voting, shall have a second or casting vote. 5.-The Council shall fiH any vacancy which may occur in the Council, for the remainder of the term, but any such vacancy shaH be filled from the same Member of the Federation from which the vacancy O'ccurs. 6.-The Council shall meet at least once a year and its duties shaH include:(a) The examination of all proposals to be placed before Congress and to submit a report thereon. (b) The administration of the affairs of the Federation. (c) The provisional affiliation of National Governing bodies for athletics. (Also see Rule 7.) (d) Notification to members of the imposition of any penalties by either Congress or the Council. (e) The maintenauce of a register of World, Olympic and Continental amateur records. (f) Deciding any dispute :that may arise between members of the Federation which may be referred to it by eUther of the interested members. (g) Framing rules and regulations for, and controlling and supervising the athletic technical organisation at the Olympic Games. (h) The submission to Congress of a report, an audited statement of accounts and balance sheet

RULE 7. Membership.

r ! J

I.-The National Governing Body for amateur athletics in any country shall be eligible for membership of the â&#x20AC;˘ Federat.ion. for membership together with a copy of the ConstitutIOn and rules shall 'be submitted to the which &ha.ll have power to elect to membei'ship pendmg confinmation at the next Congress meetmg. 3.-Membership shall be divided into four groups aria any member admitted to the Federation after the 23rd August 1950 shall be placed in such groups as the Congress may decide. The following grouping with effect from the 1st January 1951 was agreed at the Brussels Congress in 1950 and shall remain as such until altered by a subsequent Congress:GROUP 'A' Australia Canada: Belgium Finland Brazil France Germany Cze"c:ho-Slovakia Gt. Britain Denmark & Northern IrelanC( Eire Hungary . Greece Italy India Japan Mexico Sweden Netherlands New Zealand U.S. America U.S.S.R. Norway GROUP 'B' Pakistan Argentine Poland

(6 () \ 29

28 South Africa Jamaica Spain Luxemburg Switzerland Panama , Yugo-Slavia Peru GROUP 'c' Philippines - Afghanistan , Portugal " Austria Puerto Rico Bulgaria Roumania Ceylon Turkey Chili Uruguay Colombia Cuba GROUP 'D' Egypt All H",..., Iceland the BCA_",d A , Iran. .,"other y.. Israel Men1bers. 1'11 I) ', " ("-.. f 4 -The annual fees from each Member affiliated to the LAAF. shall be paid in advance on 1st January, in accordance with the following groups:Each member in Group 'A' shall subscribe £12 sterling, in group 'B' £8, in group 'c' £4 and in group 'D' £2, Any n,ember whose snbscription is unpaid on the 31st December shall be liable to be struck off the list of members of the Federation or suspended at the discretion of the Council. No representative can be authorised to take part in any meeting of the Congress or Committees if the subscription of the member he represents is more than twelve months in arrears, (Also see Rule 4 para, 3,) RULE 8,

re. 'RJ.crcI4O''''

Suspensions.

The Council of the Federation shall have the power to suspend any athlete from international competition until the next meeting of the Congress, and the Congress shall likewise have the power 'to suspend any athlete from international competition for so long as .shall be stated in . its decision, RULE 9. International Athletic Competitions and Qualification of Competitors.

I.-An international athletic meeting is defined as

follows:(a) A IT.eeting arranged between two or more members of the Federation; or (b) A meeting organised by the Federation or a member of the Federation or by a: club affiliated to and having the sanction of a' member, provided other members of the Federation or their clubs take part in the meeting, a national championship open to all amateur athletes, nor a competition in which a touring team of athletes takes part as individuals shall be considered an" international meeting. 3,-At all international meetings the rules and regulations of the Federation shall apply. 4.-AII international meetings must be sanctioned by the LA.A.F. or by a member of the Federation. National governing bodies in authorising international n:eetings under their jurisdiction shall insist that all prizes are in the nature of souvenirs commemorating the success of the athlete and shall not exceed the value of £i2 sterling (or its equivalent in other currencies as at 27th August 1950). Any promoter infringing this rule should not be given permission thereafter to promote an international meeting. No internatioJ;1al meeting may be sanctioned by any member of the Federation for the period beginning two n:onths immediately before and during the Olympic without first obtaining permission from the Council of the LAAF. V' 5.-No athlete of any cou)1try shall be permitted to r6present his country or to coml'ete at any meetings other than those arranged or sanctioned by a n:ember of the Federation. Invitations and other correspondence pertaining to the coml'etition of athletes in a foreign country must pass through the respective members of the Federation involved, Every athlete must, before competing in any foreign country, receive from his governing body a permit to compete, and no member of the Federation shall allow any foreign athlete to enter any competition without such pel;n'it certifying that he is an amateur and permitted to com'l'ete therein,

6.---:-Any athlete competing in any foreign country (other than in if\ternational meetings as above defined) shall, in respect to that competition, be subject to the athletic laws of that country. 7.-In international competitions, members of this Federation shall be represented only by native born or naturalised subjects of the country which the affiliated member repres,ents, except in the case of citizens of a colony, when they shall be eligible ,to represent the mother country if such colony is not represented by membership of the I.A.A.F. Having once represented any member of the Federation in international competition, no contestant may thereafter represent any other member except in case of:(a) Incorporation of one country in another, (b) Creation of a new country ratified by treaty, or 0c) Where memlJership of the I.A.A.F. is acquired by the governing body of any colony where such membership' did not previously exist. RULE 10. Championships of the World and Area Championships

I.-The I.A.A.F. alone shall have the'right to organise or sanction World's, Emopean, Far East, Latin American and other area chflJmpionships for field and track events. 2.-The OlYmpic Games shall be regarded as World Championships in track and field athletics. 3.-Sanction of the I.A.A.F. is required for all area championships A fee of ÂŁ10 sterling (or its equivalent in other curencies) which fee shall accompany the application sal1ction, shall be paid to the I.A.A.F. by the Sponsor. Ing body for such sanction, except for the Olympic Games and European Championships. 4.-The I.A.A.F. shall designate a representative to attend each area games or championships, at the expense of the organisers, to ensure that the rUles and regulations of the I.A.NF. are complied with. Such representative shall

render his report to the I.A.A.F. within thirty days thereafter. NOTE.-For the purpose of this rule, world, group or sectional games and championships are defined as area ,championships. RULE 11. Alterations to Rules.

1. Constitution Laws.-Proposals for alteration or addition to the constitution rules of the FederatIOn shall be made only by a member of the Federation and must reach the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F.. at least five calendar months prior to the Congress at which they are to be considered. The proposals shall be commumcated to ffiliated countries at least fom 'calendar months before :uch Congress, No proposals shall be considered by ConÂˇ gress without the notice specified herein. . 2. Technical Rules.-Proposals to amend the techmcal rules shall be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the I.A.A.F. for submission to the Rules &; Records Committee prior to presentation to the Congress. If approved the Rules & Records Committee shall make tions to the Council which has full authonty to deCide thereon. . I I 3.-No alterations or additions to techmca ru:s passed during the twelve months precedll1g any OlympIC Games shall be effective until after the Games. RULES RELATING TO ELIGIBILITY OF ATHLETES TO COMPETE UNDER INTERNATIONAL AMATEUR ATHLETIC FEDERATION RULES.

I.-An amateur is one who competes for the lo."e of sport and as a means of recreation, without any. motIve of securing any material gain from such competItIon. . 2.---':'Competition under International Amateur AthletIc Federation rules is restricted to amateur athletes who are rules as. laid down by the eligible to comlpete under . International Amateur AthletIc FederatIOn. 3.-The following persons are ineligible to part 1U competitions under International Amateur AthletIc Federation rules. Any person who:-

33 .!;t.........:fl

(i)

since reaching the age of 16 has com[eted in any sport for any pecuniary reward; (ii) has taken part in any track or field event in whIch any of the competitors were, to his knowledge i.neligible to compete under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules' (iii) has e:rer received any pecuniary for teachIng, training or coaching in any SJpOlt; NOTE.--;-Physical education teachers whose work IS Jole:y educatIOnal and who (ire not paid directly or I/l.directly for the coaching of athletes for COmpetitIOns are eligible to compete as amateurs. (iv) has at any time been financially interested in any track or field event in which he was entered' . (v) writes, lecturÂˇes or broadcasts for payn:ent any track or field event or competition without tbe p1"1or permission of his national "overnin" D

(vi) (vii)

(viii)

(ix)

sells or pawns any of his prizes' receives any con1pensa'tion for' using -the goods or of any firm, manufacturer or agent, or allows hIS nan:e or his static or moving picture to be used as a means of advertising or recommending the goods of any firm, manufacturer or agent; NOTE.-When and where it is proved that the name or the pictllre of the athlete was used for the purpose of this paragraph without his knowledge, the Indemnity to be collected fronI the person or persons responsible for the injury, privately agreed or st.pulated by the Courts, will revert to the Federation to which the athlete belongs. whIle a m.en:ber of any club or other body under the ]urIsdldlOn of a national body affiliated to the International Amateur Athletic Federation competes il: ally foreign country at any n:eeting not recogllIsed by the governing body of such country; accepts or indirectly any money or other consideration for expenses or loss of earnin"s D ,

other than what is permitted as follows:(a) the travelling aild accommodation expenses of athletes competing in competitions under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules are limited to the actual outlay for travelling, meals and lodging. In cases where an athlete is permitted to participate in competitions held in a country other than his own, such eXJpenses must not in any circumstances whatever be paid direct to the athlete himself, nor to any person on his behalf, but must be paid through the national governing bodies of the countries concerned. National governing bodies must strictly control all financial transactions and in so far as any advance payment is necessary to enable an athlete to obtain refreshment en route, or expend money on travelling or accommodation which cannot be provided by supplying tickets or vouchers; this must be advanced to the athlete by his own governing body who will obtain reimbursement from the governing body where the competition takes place. The athlete's own national governing body may, however, in exceptional circumstances authorise the national governing body under whose jurisdiction he is for the time being competing, to refund to the athlete actual essential expenses for travelling, meals and lodging, and at the conc1nsion of the competition such national body shall forward to the LA.A.F. and to the athlete's national body a detailed statement of all such payments. (b) The period of time in anyone calendar year for which an athlete shall receive expense money is limited to 28 days exclusive of the time taken III travelling.

34 Accumulation of these days in two consecutive years is not allowed. An extension may be given by the national association to which the athlete belongs, to cover competition in Olympic Games, Contip.ental Championships, or when representing a country in genuine matches against other countries. The Council of the International Amateur Athletic Federation only is empowered to grant extensions in other cases. NOTE.-A genuine ma.fch is one where with the authority of the governing bodies concerned the competition is announced as between teams representing two or more countries. Each team S'hould be selected by the governing body concerned. A " touring" team consisting of a small number of athletes, is not recognised as an international team for the purposes of this definition. 4.-Any person who is, and for so long as he remains, ineligible to compete in competitions under the jurisdiction of his national governing body, is ineligible to compete under the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation. 5.-In any competition under International Amateur Athletic Federation rules the eligibility of any athlete comÂˇ peting shall be guaranteed by the governing body of the country to which the athlete belongs. If any objection is taken to the status of any athlete, such objection shall be referred to the jury or if no jury has been appointed to the referee. If the matter cannot be settled satisfactorily prior to the meeting the athlete shall be allowed to compete " under protest' and the matter be referred to the Council . of the International Amateur Athletic Federation.

ATHLETIC

RULES

for

MEN'S AND WOMEN'S INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIONS All international competitions shall be held under the rules of the International Amateur Athletic Federation and this shall 'be stated in all announcements, advertisements, programmes and printed matter. The rules as laid down shall be applicable to men's and women's competitions. NOTE.-It is recommended that National Associations should adopt the rules of the I.A .A.F. for the conduct oj their Âˇown athletic meetings. SECTION I. Officials of the Meeting.

RULE 1. The list laid down in this rule comprises those officials international considered to be necessary for meetings. The organisers are at liberty to vary this where local circumstances require. MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS'

One Manager One Secretary Ope Technical Manager JURY OF ApPEAL COMPETITION OFFICIALS

One Referee for Track Events One (or more) Referees for Field Events One Referee for Walking Events Four (or more) Judges for Track Events Four (or more) Judges for Field Events Four (or more) Judges for Walking Events

36 RULE 4.

Four (or more) Umpires for Track Events Three (or more) Timekeepers. One (or more) Starters. One (or more) Clerks of the Course (Starter's Assistants) One (or more) Lap Scorers One Recorder One Marshal

The Technical Manager.

The Technical Manager shall act directly under the lVIanager of the Meeting and be 'responsible for seeing that the track, runw.ays, circles, arcs, sectors and pits for field events are Iproperly laid out, also that all equipment is according to specification and readily available fO!' approval by the appointed Referee, and that scoring, result and time recording cards are prepared. (Also see rule 6 nara. 2 below and rule 16 page 42.) RULE 5.

ADDITIONAL OFFICIALS

One (or more) Announcers One Official Surveyor One (or more) Doctors Stewards for Competitors, Officials and Press. Where women's events are held there shall be appointed as many women officials as maybe appropriate, including a woman doctor when possible. If deemed necessary, assistants may be appointed, but care should be taken to keep the arena as free from officials as possible. For the duties of officials see following rules. RULE 2.

Jury of Appeal. A Jury of Aplpeal shall be appointed, to whom ali protests under rule 23 (page 50) shall be referred. Their page 48.) decision shall be final. RULE 6. Referees. \

The Manager.

The Manager shall hav,e charge of the Meeting and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the programme. He shall see that all officials have reported for duty and when necessary shall appoint substitutes, and in coop.eration with the appointed Marshal arrange that only authorised persons are allowed in the centre of the arena. RULE 3. The Secretary.

The Secretary shall be responsible for the calling of the meetings of the executive and other committees, and prepare all Minutes relating thereto. He should be 111 charge .of all administrative arrangements, and should receive and conduct all principal correspondence relating to the Meeti ng.

l.-Separate Referees may be appointed as required, for track, field a.nd walking events. 2.-It shall be the responsibiliy of a Referee to see that the rules are obser'Ced (also see rule 4) and decide any technical points which arise during the Meeting, mid for which provision has not been made ill these rules.. The Referee shall have jurisdiction to decide any placings in a race, only when the Judges of the disputedlplace or places are unable to arrive at a unanimous or majority decision. (Also see .rule 7, para. 3 page 38 and rule 22 para. 1 page 48. 3.-Referees shall allocate Judges to particular events if this has not been previously arranged, specifying the duty each should carry out (e.g. circle, take-off board, etc.); announce to the Judges and ensure that the competitors are informed of the number of trials to be allowed u.nder the rules even if this has been printed in the programme; supervise measurements of performances; check the final results and deal with any disputed points. (Also seÂˇe rule 7 para. 1 page 38.) 4.-The appropriate Referee shall have the power to exclude any competitor for improper condllct and he shall

38 decide on the groupd, any protest or objection as to the conduct of a competitor. (Also see rule 8 page 39; rule 12 page 41 and rule 23 page 50.) 5.-If in the opinion of the Referee circumstances arise at any Meeting so that justice demands that any event should be contested again, he shall have power to declare the event void and such event shall be held again, either on the same day or on some future occasion, as he shall in his absolute discretion decide. (Also see rule 18 para. 5 page 44.) 6.-The Referee shall have power to change the place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditiops justify a change. Such a change shall be made only after a round is completed. 7.-Upon completitiop of each event the result card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Referee and handed to the Recorder. (Also see rule 13 page 42.) NOTE.-Reference should be made when nece.ssary to the -special rules for the Olympic Games and E/lropean Championships, see pages 84 and 91 respectively. RULE 7. Judges.

General. I.-Subject to the rules laid down by the National Association and except in the case of the Olympic Games and European Champiopships, the organisers of the meeting shall appoint the Judges for the various events. The Referee shall allocate the duties among the Judges. (Also see rule 6 para. 3 page 37.) Racing Events. 2.-The Judges, who must all operate from the same side of the track and preferably from the inside, shall decide the order in which the competitors finish, and in any case where they cannot arrive at an unanimous or majority decision shall refer the matter to the Referee, who shall decide. (Also see rule 6 para. 2 page 37.) NOTE.-It is recommended that wherever practicable one Judge selects the first man to finish, one the first and second, one the second and third, and so on. The Judges should be placed at least five metres (or 16ft.

6in.) from and in line with the finish and in order that they may have a good view of the finish line, an elevated stand should be provided. A photo-finish apparatus should be available for use whenever possible as an aid to the Referee and Judges. Field Events. 3.-The Judges shall judge, measure and record each valid trial of the competitors in all events in which the result is determined by height or distance. In the high jump and pole vault, precise measurements should be made when the bar is raised, particularly if records are being attempted. At least two Judges should keep a record of all trials, checking their recordings at the end of each round. Walking Events. 4.-The Judges at the finish shall be responsible only for deciding the order in which the .competitors finish. Other Judges must be appointed to determine the fairness of walking in accordance with the rules for Walking, and the conduct of any competitor during the competition. (Also see rule 45, page 71.) RULE 8. Umpires (Track Events).

I.-Umpires are assistants to the Referee, without power to give any decisions. 2.-It shall be the duty of an Umpire to stand at such point as the Referee may determine to watch the competition closely, and in case of a foul or violation of the rules by a coma:>etitor or other person, to make an immediate report of the incident to the Referee. 3.-Umpires should also be appointed to undertake the duties of supervision in relay races at the take-over points. RULE 9. Timekeepers

I.-There should be three official Timekeepers (one of whom should be the Chief Timekeeper) and one or two alternate Timekeepers who should time every event. The times recorded by the alternate Timekeepers' watches shall not be considered unless one or more of the official Timekeepers' watches fails properly to record th.. time, in which case, the alternate Timekeepers shall be called upon,

tion, the pistol should be placed there and discharged by electric contact. (Also see rule 27 for regulations relating to the start, 'page 54.) RULE 11.

in such order as has been previously decided, so that in all races, three watches should have recorded the official time. In the event of two of the three official watches agreeing and the third disagreeing, the time shewn by the two shall be the official time. If all three watches disagree, the time shewn by the watch recording the middle time, shall be the official time. (Also see rule 46 page 72 for Pentathlon and Decathlon events.) 2.-If for any reason only two watches record the time of an event, and they fail to agree, the longer time of the two shall be accepted as the official time. 3.-The time shall be taken from the flash of the pistol. 4.-For races up to and including 1,000 metres timing to one-tenth second shall be accepted. For longer races the timi l1 g shall be to one-fifth second. 5.-An electrical timekeeping device approved by the National Association of the country where the competition is held, may be used. 6.-Upon completion of each event the time. recording card shall be immediately filled in, signed by the Chief Timekeeper and handed to the Recorder. (Also see rule 13 page 42.) NOTE.-For World Records refer to Rule 24 page 50. RULE 10.

Clerks of the Course.

I.-The Clerks of the Course shall check that the competitors are competing in the correct heat or race and that their numbers are worn properly, one on the breast afld one on the back. They shall assist the Starter in any draw for stations (also see rule 19 para. 5 page 45). 2.-They must place each competitor in his correct lane or statio.n, assembling the competitor on the starting line or in races up to and including 800 880 yards) on an assembly line 3 rl-ietI"es--(or 10 feet) behind the starting line, (in the case of races started in echelon, similarly behind each starting line) a.nd when so placed they shall signal to the Starter that all is ready. When a fresh start is ordered the Clerks of the Course shall assemble the competitors again. 3.-When the Starter has ordered the competitors to their marks, the Clerks of the Course must see that no competitor places either fingers, hands or feet on the starting line or in front of it. If any difficulty arises they must signal immediately to the Starter. (Also see rule 27 page 54.)

The Starter.

I.-All questions concerning the start shall be decided by the Starter. 2.-The Starter shall have entire control of the competitors on their marks, and shall be the sole judge of any fact connected with the start of the race. 3.-In races where the competitors are not placed behind the same starting line (e.g. 200-400 metres or 220-440 yards races on circular tracks), the Starter should use a microphone connected with amplifiers opposite the starting line in each lane. Where such a device is not used the Starter shall so place himself that the distance between him and each of the competitors is' approximately the same. Where however, the Starter cannot place himself in such a posi-

(Starter's Assistants.)

RULE 12. Lap Scorers.

I.-A Lap Scorer under the direction of the Referee shall keep a record of the laps covered by each competitor in races exceeding 1500 metres. For races of three miles and upwards a number of Lap Scorers shall be appointed and be provided with lap scoring boards on which they shall record the completed laps and times of each competitor. NOTE.-In races exceeding three miles, each Lap Scorer should be appointed to record for four competitors.

He shall .furnish to the Technical Manager and the Referee, before the Meeting, certificates as to correctness. (Also see rule 21 para. 4 page 48.)

2.-It shall be announced by a bell or otherwise when a competitor is entering his last lap. A Lap Scorer should be appointed for this duty. RULE 13.

SECTION II.

The Recorder.

The Recorder shall collect the result of each event, together with the times or heights or distances, which shall be furnished to him by the Referee and Chief Timekeeper. He shall as soon as possible communicate the information to the Announcer, a;nd after recording the placings, times, heights or distances, he shall hand the official result together with all cards to the Manager of the meeting. (Also see rule 6 para. 7 page 38; rule 9 para. 6 page 40 and rule 15 below.) RULE 14.

RULES FOR COMPETITION.

RULE 17.

Entries.

l.-Competitions under lA.A.F. rnles are restricted to amateurs in accordance with the lA.A.F. rules relating to the eligibility of athletes to compete. (Refer to page 31.) 2.-No competitor shall be allowed to compete outside his own country unless his amateur status is guaranteed in writing by the recognised governing Athletic Association of his country, and he has permission from such body to compete. In all international competitions such guarantee of the amateur status of an athlete shall be accepted as conclusive for the time being, of the athlete's eligibility to compete; any objectio.n as to his status shall be referred to the lA.A.F. (Refer to Constitutional Rule 9 page 28.) 3.-All women's entries must be accompanied by a certificate as to sex, issued by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association.

The Marshal

The Marshal shall have full charge of the enclosure and shall not allow any persons other than the officials, and competitors assembled to compete, to enter and remain therein. He shall control his assistants and assign to them their duties. He shall arrange for an enclosure to be provided for officials when not on duty. RULE 15. The Announcer.

RULE 18.

The Announcer shall give out to the public, the names a;nd numbers of the competitors taking part in each event and all relevant information such as the composition of the heats, lanes or stations drawn, and intermediate times. The result (placings, times, heights and distances) of each event should be announced at the earliest possible moment after receipt of the information from the Recorder. (Also see rnle 13 above.) RULE 16.

The Competition.

The Official Surveyor.

The Official Surveyor shall immediately prior to the Meeting, survey the track and 'runways, and measure all the distances which are to 'be contested, also the circles, arcs, sectors and other measurements relating to the field events.

I.-In matches arranged between members of the lA.A.F., the number of trials in the jumping and throwing events may be reduced as desired; any such arran<sement should be made previous to the meeting. (Also see rules 34 para. 14 page 63 and rule 40 para 2 page 67.) 2.-In all events, competitors must wear dothing which is clean and so designed a.nd worn as not to be objectionable. In steeplechase events non-transparent shorts should be worn. 3.-The organisers must provide two numbers for each competitor (to be worn on the breast and back) COrIesponding with the number in the programme. 4.-In races run in lanes, each competitor shall keep to

45 44 his own lane throughout the race, This s'hall apply alSO to relay races as regards the first lap only or to any portIOn of any race run m lanes. (Also see rule 31 page 60.) competitor shall crÂˇoss in front of 'another in any case, untIl and unless he is two metres (6ft. 6in.) ahead of that competItor. Any competitor wilfully jostling, running or obstructmg another competitor so as to impede hIS. shall be disqualified. If in any race a competrtor IS dIsqualIfied for any of these reasons', the Referee shall have ;power to order the race to be re-run or, in the case of a. per'!:1it any competitors affected by act resultmg m dIsqualIfication, to compete in a subsequent round of the race. If for any reason a competitor is hampered in a trial in a field event, the Referee shall have power to award him a substitute trial. (Also see rule 6 para. 5 page 38.) 6.-If during :the progress of a race run in lanes a competitor runs on or inside the inner border of his lane he shall be liable to disqualification. It shall be for' the Referee to decide when any report is made whether the competitor received any material advantage if so the competitor should be disqualified. ' 7.-A competitor after voluntarily leaving the track or course shall not be allowed to continue in the race. 8.-No official or other person within the arena except the Announcer, shall call out any intermediate times to competitors.' . as provided in 30.and 45 (pages 59 and 71) .durmg ,the progress of an event, no competitor shall receIve a)1Y assistance whatsoever from any person. 10.-Subject to the provisions of paragraph 11, if a compe.titor misses his turn in a field event, he shall not be permItted to take the trial so missed. .1l.-If a competitor is entered in both a track event and a. field event, or in more than one field event taking place sll11ultaneously, the judges may allow the competitor to his trials in an order different from that decided upon pI:lOr. to start of the competition, but not so that any tnal IS carned forward to a subsequent round. 12.-Dhe Referee shall have the power to change the

place of the competition in any field event, if in his opinion the conditions justify it. Such a change shall be made only after a round has been completed. RULE 19. Rounds, Heats and Qualifying Trials.

Track Events. I.-Preliminary roUllds (heats) shall be held in track events in which the number 6f competitors is too large to allow the competition to be conducted satisfactorily in a single round (heat). ..â&#x20AC;˘ 2.-The heats and qualifying conditions shall be arranged by the Committee conducting the meeting except in the Olympic Games when the Council of the I.A.A.l". will act, and in the European Championships when the European Commission will act. The representatives of each nation shall be' placed as far as possible in different heats, which shall be so arranged that not less than six competitors shall qualify for the final. NOTE.-It is recommended when heats are being arranged, that the latest standard of performances by the competitors be taken into consideration alld the hems so arranged that normally the best performers shouid reach the fillal. 3.-In any track competition where there are more competitors than can be placed in the first row, the draw for stations shall be by natio)1s, when one competitor from each nation shall be placed in the order of the draw. Additional starters frQm any nation shall then be placed behind, in the same order. 4.-A competitor shall not be allowed to compete in a heat other than the one in which his name appears, except in circumstances which in the opinion of the Referee justify an alteration. 5.-At Olympic Games, European Championships and similar meetings the authorities conducting the meeting may arrange for the drawing of stations on the day immediately preceding the race. The competitors shall be notified as to the time and place for the drawing and they shall have the right to be present in person or to send a representative. When such a draw has not taken place the

46 RULE 20.

competitors shall draw for their respective stations immediately before the start. (Also see rule 11 para. 1 page 41.) 6.-In all preliminary rounds, at least the first and second in each heat shall qualify for the next round. 7.-The following minimum times must be allowed when practicable, between the last heat of any round and the first heat of a subsequent round or final:Up to and including 220 yards .. 45 minutes Over 220 yards and up to and including 1000 metres 90 minutes Over 1000 metres 3 hours.

Doping.

I.-Doping is the employment of drugs with the intention of increasing athletic efficiency by their stimulating a,.tion upon muscles or nerves, or by paralysing the sense of fatigue. Their use is strongly deprecated not only on moral grounds but because of their danger to health. 2.-Any competitor who uses drugs as defined above shall be suspended from active participation in amateur athletics for such period as the Council of the LA.A.F. shall prescribe, a.nd any person aiding or abetting in the use ,of drugs, shall be permanently excluded from any ground where the rules of the LA.A.F. are in force. RULE 21.

Field Events. S.-In any field event, a 'qualifying trial may be held if necessary, to decide who shall compete in the competition proper. The qualifying conditions shall be arranged 'by the Committee conducting the meeting except in the Olympic Games when the Council of the I.A.A.F. will act, and in the Eur.opean Championships when the European Commission will act. The competitors shall compete in the order drawn by lot and where possible their names shall be placed in the programme in the order drawn. (Also see rules 34 para. 1 page 62 and 40 para. 1 page 67.)

Measurements and Weights.

Combined Events-Pentathlon and 9.-The order of competing shall be drawn before each separate event. 10.-Three trials only are allowed in the throwing, putting and jumping events. l1.-In 100 metres, 200 metres, 400 metres and 110 metres hurdles events the competitors shall be drawn by lot in groups by the Referee, so that where possible three or four competitors start in each group, and in 1500 metres, five or six cOIl1;petitors. The Referee should so arrange the groups that never less than two competitors start in anyone test. He shall have the power to re-arrange the groups if in his opinion it is desirable. (Also see rule 46 page 72.)

I.-All measurements must be made with a certified steel tape or bar graduated in centimetres and / or quarterinches, and all implements must be weighed on a governmentally approved balance. 2.-In measuring the distances of throwing, putting and jumping events, that part of the steel tape recording the distance achieved must be held by an official at the take-off point, the circle or scratch line. Distances if measured in metres, shall always be recorded to the nearest centimetre below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than one must be ignored. Distances if measured in feet, under 100 feet shall be recorded to the nearest quarter-inch and if over 100 feet shall be recorded to the nearest halfinch below the distance covered, i.e., fractions less than quarter-inch or half-inch respectively, must be ignored. In jumping for height all measurements shall be made perpe.ndicularly from the ground with a certified steel tape or bar to the lowest part of the upper side of the bar. 3.-A scientific measuring apparatus, such as a datum line measurer, the accuracy of whioh is approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the member where the events are held, may be used when approved by the LA.A.F.

, and D all cleared 1.93 metres (6ft. 4in.) and A , BC failed at 1.96 metres (6 ft. 5in.)

4.-Measurements for long distance events over roads must be carried out by a professional surveyor who shall furnish two certificates as to correctness: alternatively a wheel certified as to correctness may be used. (Also see rule 16 page 42.) RULE 22.

The rule regarding ties comes into operation, and as "D" cleared 1.93m. (6ft. 4in.) at his second attempt, the others taking three, he is declared the winner. The other three will tie and the Judges add up to the total number of failures, up to and including the height last cleared, i.e. 1.93m. (6ft. 4in.) "c" has more failures than "A" or " B ", and is therefore awarded fourth place. "A" and" B" still tie and the Judges add up the total number of jumps up to and induding the hight last cleared, i.e. I. 93m. (6ft. 4in.), "A" being awarded second ,place.

Ties.

Ties shall be decided as follows.Track Eve"ts. I.-In the event of a tie in any heat which affects the qualification o{ competitors to compete in the next round or final, where practicable, the tying competitors shall both qualify, failing which they shall compete again. In case of a tie for first place in any final, the Referee is emp0wered to decide whether it is practicable to arrange for the competitors so tying to compete again. If he decides it is not, the result shall stand. Ties in other placings shall remain. Field Events. 2.-In jumping or vaulting for height: (a) The competitor with the lowest number of jumps at the height at which the tie occurs shall be awarded the higher place. (b) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total of failures throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher place. (c) If the tie still remains, the competitor with the lowest total number of jumps (whether suc<i'essful or not) throughout the competition up to and including the height last cleared shall be awarded the higher ,place. Example:-

- = No Jump;

= Failed;

Up to and including

last height cleared x = Uearcd 1.78m. 1.82m 1.85111 1.88111 1.90m 1.92111 1.94111 Fail- Jumps Posi6'0" 6'1" 6'2" 6'3" 6'4" 6'5" ures tion x 4 A 0::-:: ox oox 8 000 B x x x ox oox 4 0000 9 12 â&#x201A;Ź x x ox x oox OOX 5 000 ? D x oox oox ox 000 0

(d) If the tie still remains(i) If it concerns the first place, th.e competitors tying shall have one more Jump at the height at which they failed, and if no decision is reached the bar shall be lowered or raised 2 centimetres (threequarters of an inch) at a time in the High Jump and 8 centimetres (three inches) at a time in the Pole Vault with one jlill1P at each height until the tie is decided. Competitors so tying must jump on each occasion when deciding the tie. (ii) If it concerns any other place, the competitors shall be awarded the same place in the competition.

3.-In those field events where the result is determined by distance, the second best ,performance of. the petitors tying shall decide the tie. If the tie still remall1S the third best and so on. (Also see rule 24 para. 5 page 52.) 4.-In the case of a tie the subsequent performance5 decide only the positions relating to those competing to decide the tie.

I I

50 RULE 23. Protests.

l.-Protests concerning the status of an athlete to participate in a meeting must be made prior to the commencement of such meeting, to the Jury of Appeal, who if unable to give a decision shall refer the protest to the LA.A.F. 2.-Protests relating to matters which develop during the carrying through of the programme should be made. at once and not later than within two hours after the meetmg has terminated, or within fifteen minutes of the occurence in a preliminary round. 3.-Any such protests must be made in writing by a respopsible official to the Referee (who in case of necessity shall refer to the Jury of Appeal) accompanied by the deposit of one pound sterling or its equivalent before action is taken. The deposit will be forfeited if the protest is consider,ed to be frivolous. (Also see rule 5 page 37.) (Reference should be made when necessary to the rules for Olympic Games and European Championships, see pages 84 and 91 respe8tively.) RULE 24.

World Records.

l.-When a World Record is to be claimed, the LA.A.F. member in the ,country where the record performance was made shall proceed to establish the Record without delay. 2.-The official application form of the LA.A.F. shall be filled in and forwarded to the I.A.A.F. office within six months. If the application concerns a foreign athlete a duplicate of the form shall be sent to the National Association of the athlete in question. 3.-A World Record shall be accepted if the application form is submitted by the member where the Record was made and is certified by the Referee, Judges and Recorder of the Meeting as to :place time of day state of weather condition of track or field force and direction of wind level or gradient of gr.ound

51 correctness as to the distance covered by the competitor in a race, correctness of announced time, distance or height weight, measureme"lt and material of implement and that the athletic rules of the LA.A.F. have been strictly followed. 4.-The following conditions shall apply to all World Records:(a) the Record has been approved by the National Association of the country where the Record was made. (b) the Record must be made out of doors. (c). runnin" and walking Records may be made only on a track which is not banked, and timed by official Timekeepers, as provided in Rule 9 (page 39.) (accepted by the National Association' as such), whose watches must have been exhibited to the Referee for confirmation of the time recorded. (d) records in field events must be measured by three Field Judges with a certified steel tape, graduated in centimetres or quarter-inches, or by a scientific apparatus approved by the Governmental Weights and Measures department of the member where the games are held, and approved by the LA.A.F. (e) the Record must be made in a bona-fide scratch fixed. and competition which has' been . advertised before the day and IS mcluded m the printed programme of the meeting together with . the names of the entrants for the event. (f) if the Record is for a race on a straight course, Ol for the long jump, or the hop step and jump, or the javelin throw, the must .not have obtained assistance from a wmd blowmg at Ius back either directly or in a slanting direction' (a wind exceeding an average of two metres (6ft. 6in.) per second is considered to be of assistance to the competitor).

52 (g) the Record must be better than or equal the result in the latest World Record list, in the event in question. If a Record at a longer distance is better than the existing Record for a shorter distance, a claim may be submitted for Records at both distances. (h) in the case of women's Records all applications must be accompanied by a medical certificate as to sex, drawn up by a qualified medical doctor recognised by the National Association of the athlete claiming the Record. 5.-Records made in heats or qualifying trials, in deciding ties, and Pentathlon and Decathlon events will be accepted. 6.-The President and Honorary Secretary ,of the lA.A.F. together are authorised to recognise World Records. If in their opinion there is any doubt as to the information concerning any record, the application shall be referred to the lA.A.F. Rules and Records Committee for decision. 7.-The lA.A.F. office shall keep lists of the World, Olympic and European Records. These lists shall be revised once a year and a copy forwarded to each member of the I.A.A.F. 8.-Membmers of the I.A.A.F. shall keep a list of the National Records in their own countries. Copies of these lists shall be forwarded to the lA.A.F. office in January each year. NOTE.-The Official World Record plaques as designed by the fAA.F. for presentation to World Record holders, will be supplied by the fAA.F. provided National Associations remit the cost. Refer to appendix as to the events for which World RecOl·ds are approved (pages 84 and 91). RULE 25.

SECTION Ill. RUNNING EVENTS.

RULE 26. Track and Lanes.

(See diagram below.)

RREA INNER

EM,."

lNStllE TRACK.

Of TRACK - (ONcRE,E oR 5 eMS

WQob !

-,h

•• r

\ ,

;,;'l'

:1-

C\-1I11-.1l

l ..>le

S <::I"IS

- --------

Official Athletic Implements.

I.-In all international competitions, the implements used, must comply with the specifications for official implements adopted by the lA.A.F. set out in Rules 47 to 62 (Pages 73-83.)

2.-All such implements shall be provided by the organisers of the meeting. No competitor is allowed to use any other implements, with the exception of vaulting poles and starting blocks, in which case they may use their own, provided these comply with the conditions laid down in the rules. (Also see rules 36 a.nd 61 pages 64 and 83.)

'e. J

•l

W,bl::.

;,7 ," ," " W :ir

. . 'i__ r .. ",,,, 5 eMS : (:2.ms) W,'be shall be disqualified if they commue such warning.

otteno am:l

vu"

nietres' (24 feet) in width and be bordered on the inside with cement, wood or other suitable material, 5 centimetres (2 inches) in height, and not more than 5 centimetres (2 inches) in width, 2,-The measurement shall be taken 30 centimetres (I foot) outward from the inner border of the track, 3,-In all races up to and including 440 yards, each competitor shall have a separate lane of at least 1.22 metres (four feet) in width, to be marked by lines of chalk or similar substance, 5 centimetres (two inches) in width, The inner lane shall be measured as stated in paragraph two above, but the r'emaining lanes shall be measured 20 centimetres (8 inches) fr.om the outer edges of the chalk lines, NOTE,-The chalk line on the right hand only of each lane, "hall be included in the measurement of the width of each lane: (see diagram on page 53,) 4,-The direction of running shall be left hand inside, 5,-In international meetings the track should allow for at least six lanes. 6,-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of " tracks shall not exceed I : 100 and in the running direction 1: 1000, NOTE,-(a) It is recommended that where possible the length of the track should not be less than 400 metres or 440 yards and the width should allow for seven lanes, particularly in major events, such as the Olympic Games and Continental Championships, (b) Where it is /lot possible for the inner edge of the running track to have a raised border, ,it shall be flagged at intervals of jive metres (or 5 yards), (Also see rule 16 page 42,) RULE 27, The Start and Finish,

1.-The start of a race shall be denoted by a line marked in chalk 5 centimetres (2 inchpo\3.o L"ii1rh,n,L"i"ht pJements adopted by the I,AAF. set out in Rules 47 to 62 (Pages 73-83,)

further from the finish, to the edge of the finish line further from the start. Two white posts shall denote the extremities of the finish line, and shall be placed at least 30 centimetres (l foot) from the edge of the track. (For apparatus see rule 62 page 83), When the starting line is on a curve it shall be so laid out that all competitors shall cover appr.oximately the same distance, 2,-AII races shall be started by the actual report of a pistol or any similar apparatus fired upwards into the air, but not before all the competitors {,re quite still on their marks, 3,-At all international meetings the words of the Starter in his own mother tongue, shall be "On your tnarks ", "Set ", and when all COlnpetitors are" Set", the pistol shall be fired, 4,-If for any reason the, Starter has to speak to auy competitor either before or after the word" Set ", he shall order all competitors to stand up and the Clerks of the Course shall place them on the assembly line again, 1/' 5,-If after the word "Set ", any competitor is un/i the Starter shall speak to him, Should the Starter have to speak to a competitor a third time he shall disqualify such competitor. 6,-If a competitor leaves his mark with hand Or foot after the word "Set" but before the shot is fired, it shall be c(1)sidered a false start competitor making a' false start must be S warned, If a competitor is responsible for two false starts he shall be disqualified, (Also see rule 46 para, 4(c) page 72 for Pentathlon and Decathlon,) operation of this paragraph is indep'Bju:lent of paragraph jive, b 8,-If in the opinion of the Starter, the start was not fair, he must recall the competitors with a second shot. If the unfair start was due to one or more competitors "beating the pistol ", it shall be considered a false start and the Starter must warn the offender or offenders, who shall be disqualified if they continue to offend after one such warning.

56 NOTE.-In practice when one or more competitors "beat the pistol" others are inclined to fallow and strictly speaking, any competitor who does so follow, has beaten the pistol. The Starter should W{lr!1 only such competitor or competitors who in his opinion were responsible for beating the pistol. This may result in more than one competitor being warned. If the false start is not due to any competitor no warning shall be given.

* Height

Hurdle

Distance It"om Distance Distance scratch line between £.rom last to first 11t1rdles hm"dIe to hurdle finish line

Minimum Maximum Metres Centimetres Centimetres Metres ]05.7 ]06.3 13.72 110 ]8.29 200 75.9 76.5 400 91.7 45 91.1 Ft. In. Yards Yards Ft. In. ]5 ]20 3 3 6t 220 2 5t 2 6t 20 440 2 l1t 3 at 49:1WOMEN.-There shaH be eight f1ight& of lane, set out as foHows : -

blocks or foot supports may be used. If starting blocks are used, both feet must be in contact with the track while starting. Competitors may use their own starting blocks. ')-o.-Worsted shaH be stretched across the track between the finish posts 1.22 metres (4 feet) above the ground and fastened to the posts, for the purpose only of assisting the Referee and Judges in placing the competitors. It shall be immediately above the further edge of the finish line.

Distance of raea

* Height of Hurdle

Distance

from

Metres Metres 9.]4 ]4.02 17.]0 ]8.29 35 40 Yards Yards ]5 ]0 20 20 38:146± hurdles in each

Dis,tallce Distance

scratch line between from last to first hurdles hurdle to hurdle finish line

Minin1UlTI Maximum Metres Centimetres Centimetres Metres Metres Metres ]2 80 75.9 76.5 8 12 Yards Ft. In. Yards Yards Yards Ft. In. 2 5t 2 6t 87± 13± '13t Sf

r-r.-The competitors shaH be placed in the order in which any part of their bodies (i.e. "torso", as dis, tinguished from the head, arms, legs, hands or feet) reach the further edge of the finish line as defined above. NOTE.-A "PHOTO-FINISH" camera should be used whenever possible to assist the Referee Clnd the Judges. (Also refer to rules 10, 11 and 61, pages 40, 41 and 83.)

RULE 28. Hurdle Races.

1.-The foHowing are the standard distances:MEN WOMEN In metres 11 0, 200, 400 In metres 80 In yards 120, 220, 440 In yards 87-l2.-MEN-There shall be ten flights of hurdles in each lane, set out in accordance with the table below:-

Distance of race

*Refer to Rule 59 (page 81) for construction and standard heights of hurdles. NOTE.-The tolerance allowances of 3 millimetres (t-inch) above and below the standard heights is to allow for variation in the manufacture of the hurdles. 3.-AH races shaH be run in lanes and each competitor shaH keep to his own lane throughout. 4.-A competitor who trails his foot 01" leg alongside any hurdle or jumps any hurdle not in his own lane shaH be disqualified. 5.-The knocking down of hurdles shaH not disqualify nor prevent a record being made. 6.-In establishing a World Record a complete set of hurdles of ,the international type must be used.

58 RULE 32.

RULE 29. Steeplechase.

Team Races.

L-The standard distances shall be'In metres-3000 (1 mile 1520 ya;'ds 2 ft. 8 in.) 1)1 miles-2 miles (3218.65 metres). shall be 28 hurdle jumps and 7 water jumps . 2.mcluded .m the .3000 metres event, and 32 hurdle jumps and 8 waJter Jumps m the 2 miles event. NOTE.-Owing to the water jump having to be constructed on the arena inside or outside the track thereby or the normal distance of :he laps, It IS not possIble to lay down any rule specifylI1g exact length of the laps Or to state precisely the POSltLOIl of the water jump. It should be borne ill mind that there must be enough distance from the starting line to the first hurdle to prevent the competitors from overcrowdmg, and there should be {,pproximately. 68 metres or 76 yards from the last hurdle to the finish line. The ':'ater jump where possible, should be the fourth jump, 1I1 each lap. If necessary, the finish line should be moved to another part of the track. The distance from the startin!! point to commencement of the first lap not lI1clude any lumps, the hurdles being removed unttl the .competitors have entered the first lap. EXAMPLE: The following measurements are given as a guide any necessGlY should be made, by len!'themng or the distance at the starting powt of the race. It IS assumed that a lap of 400 metres or 440 yards has been shortened by 10 metres or 10 yards by constructing the water jump inside the track.

I.-In team races the maximum number of starters comprising a team and the number of competitors whose positions are to count shall be sta:ted in the programme. 2.-If necessary, preliminary rounds may be held. 3.-Stations shall be drawn and the members of each team shall be lined up behind each other at the start of the race. 4.-The composition of a team must not be changed after a heat has been run and only competitors finishing tile full distance are eligible to compete in the final. 1111 5.-The team scoring the least number of points, accordI ing to the positions in which the scoring members of the ; team finish, shall be the winner. The finishing positions of the non-scoring members of a team shall be SCOl'ed in computing the scores of other teams, bnt when a team fails to finish the requisite )lumber to score, they shall be eliminated. 6.-If two or more competitors tie for any place the points for the pl.aces concerned shall be aggregated and divided equally among the competitors so tying. 7.-1n of a tie on points, the team whose last scoring member finished nearest to first place shall be the

.t!le

jump

hue

RULE 33. CrosswCountry Race.

78 m.

86 yds.

78 m.

86 yds.

WOMEN.

68 m.

76 yds.

Lap of 430 yards

270 metres

From water jump to 4th hurdle '" ... ... ... 4th hurdle to finishing

winning tean1.

I.-The race shall be run on a bona fide cross-country course properly marked. 2.-The course must be marked preferably with red flags on the left and white flags on the right which must be visible from a distance of 125 metres (140 yards). In all other respects the rules governing track competitions shall prevail.

Lap of 390 metres

Distance from starting point to commencement of 1st lap .to be run wibhout jumps ..: DJstance from COlllmencement of 1st -lap to 1st hurdle . From lst to 2nd ;hurdle . From 2nd to 3ret hurdle From 3rd hurdle to

80 yds.

10 m.

78 m. 78 m.

10 yds. 86 yds. 86 yds.

Slaps 7 laps of 390 m. =2730 11l. of

3000

111.

yds. =3440 yds.

3520 yd,. '-

3.-The distance shall be not greater than 3 kilometres (or 2 miles).

63 62

9.-Before the commencement of competitions in jumping for height, the judges' shall announce to the competitors the commencing height and the different heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round. (Rule 22 para. 2 sub. section di, page 48) should also announced as regards a tie for first place.)

4.-When layi.ng out the course very high obstacles should be avoided, so should deep ditches, and dangerous ascents or descents, thick undergrowth and in general any e>estacle which would constitute a difficulty beyond the aim of the competition. SECTION IV. JUMPING EVENTS. RUNNING and STANDING HIGH JUMPS; RUNNING and STANDING LONG JUMPS; Hop, STEP and JUMP; POLE VAULT. RULE 34.

10.-A competitor may commence jumping at any height above the minimum height and may jump at his own discretion at any subsequent height. Three consecutive failures, regardless of the height at which any of such failures occur disqualify from further jumping.

General Rules.

General: 1.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (Also see rule 19 para. 8 page 46.) 2.-In all jumping events the length of the runway is unlimited. The minimum length provided for the runway in each caSe shall be as follows:High Jump 15 metres or 50 feet Long jump ") Hop, Step and Jump ( 40 metres or 130 feet Pole Vault ) 3.-In all jumping events each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his jumps, SUbject to conditions relating to ties. (Also see rule 22, page 48.) 4.-The employment of weights or grips of any kind is forbidden. 5.-The take-off ground about the jump must be level. 6.-The maximum allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for jumping events shall not exceed 1: 100 and in the running direction 1 : 1000. 7.-A competitor may place marks to assist him in his run-up and take-off and a handkerchief on the cross-bar;;// for sighting purposes. ' Jumping for Height: 8.-The uprights or posts shall be not less than 3.66 metres (12 feet) and not more than 4 metres (13 feet 1tin.) apart.

I t :

NOTE.-The effect of this rule is that a competitor may forego his second or third jumps or vaults at a particular height (after failing first time) and still jump , at a subsequent height. "J the bar off the supports in the or touching the ground beyond course of a jump the plane of the uprights with any part of the body ,0IwpiDle shall count as a failure. l2.-Even after all the other competitors have failed, a competitor is entitled to continue. jumping until he has forfeited his right to compete further. B.-Any measurement of a new height should be made before competitors aNempt such height. In all cases of records the judges must check the measurements after the height has been cleared. NOTE.-Judges should ensure, before commencing the competition that the under-side and front of the crossbar are distinguishable and that the bar is always replaced with the same surface uppermost. (Also see rule 19, page 46.) Jamping for distance. 14.-Each competitor shall be allowed three trials and the six best shall be allowed three additional trials. No competitor shall be allowed the additional trials Ui}less one of his three trials was a fair jump. (Also refer to rule 18 para 1, pages 43-44.)

65 64 RULE 35. Running High Jump.

I.-The competitor must take-off from one foot. 2.-The uprights or posts shall not be moved during the competition unless the Referee considers the take-off or landing ground has become unsuitable. In such a case the change shall be made only after a round has been completed. (For apparatus refer to rule 47, page 73.) RULE 36. Pole Vault.

I.-Any competitor may have the uprights moved in either direction but they may not be moved more than 60 centimetres (two feet) from the prolongatio)l of the inside edge of the top of the stopboard. If the uprights are moved, the Judges should make a re-measurement to ensure that there is no variation in the height. (Also refer to rule 21 page 47.) 2.-The Take-off for the pole vault shall be from a wooden box. 3.-In addition to the failures mentioned in rule 34 paragraphs 10 and 11 (page 63) a competitor fails if he:(a) leaves the ground for the purpose of making a vault and fails to clear the bar; or (b) after leaving the ground places his lower hand above the upper one or moves the upper hand higher on the pole; or (c) touches with any part of his body or with the pole, the ground beyond the plane of the stopboard of the wooden box. 4.-If in making an attempt the competitor's pole is broken it shall not be counted as a failure. 5.-No one shall be allowed to touch the pole unless it is fallingÂˇ away from the bar or uprights; if it is so touched the vault shall be recorded as a failure. 6.-Competitors may use their OWIl poles. No competitor shall be allowed to use any of the private poles excc.pt with the consent of the owner. (For apparatus see rules 47 and 48 pages 73-75.)

RULE 37. Running Long Jump.

I.-The take-off shall be from a board, sunk level with the runway and the surface of the pit, the edge of nearer to the pit, shall be called the take-off line. Immediately beyond the take-off line there shall be placed a of plasticine or similar substance for recordmg the athlete s footprint when he has foot-faulted. If it is not possible to instal the above apparatus the following method should be adopted: immediately in front of the take-off line and across all the length of It over a "idth of 10 centimetres (4 inches) the ground shall be sprinkled with soft earth or sand to make it 13 millimetres (one half-inch) higher than the take-off board. From the take-off board the earth shall be raised at an angle of 30Â° to the height of 13 millimetres (one half-inch). 2.-If any competitor touches the ground beyond the take-off line, or take-off line extended, with any part of the body, whether running up without jumping or in the act of jumping, it shall be counted a failure. 3.-All jumps should be measured from the nearest break in the pit made by any part of the body or limbs to the take-off line and at right angles to such line. If in the course of landin a the competitor touches the ground outside the pit to the take-off than the nearest break in the pit made by the jump, such jump shall not be measured but shall count as a failure. 4.-The jumping pit shall have a minimum width of 2 metres 75 centimetres (9 feet). 5.-The distance between the take-off and the end of the pit shall be at least 9 metres (29-1: feet). 6.-The take-off board shall be not less than one metre page (3ft. 3in.) from the edge of the pit. (Also see rule 62) (For apparatus refer to rule 49 page 75 and to dmgram on next page.)

,, , ,,

200

e,"

",, ,

faa

SECTION V. THROWING EVENTS.

--.,J

___t

flAMMER, SHOT, DISCUS AND JAVELIN.

12-

RULE 40. General Rules.

RULE 38. Standing High Jump. Standing Long Jump.

I.-The feet of the competitor may be ,placed in any position, but shall leave the ground only once in making an attempt to jump. When the feet are lifted from the ground twice, or two springs are made in making an attempt, it shall count as a failure. A competitor may rock forward and backward, lifting heels and toes alternately from the ground, but he may not lift either foot clear from the ground or slide it along in any direction on the ground. 2.-With these exceptions, the rules for the Running High Jump and Long Jump respectively shall apply.

{

RULE 39. Hop, Step and Jump.

I.-The take-off shall be made from a board (for apparatus see rule 49 page 75) sunk level with the runway, and placed at least 11 metres (36ft.) from the pit. 2.-The hop shall be made so that the competitor shall first land upon the same foot with which he shall have taken off, in the step he shall land on the other foot, from which consequently the jump is performed. 3.-lf the competitor while jumping touches the ground with the'" sleeping" leg it shall be considered as a fail me. 4.-In all other respects the rules for the Running Long Jump shall apply. (Also see rule 37 page 65.)

Vi '\

I.-The order in which the competitors take their trials shall be drawn by lot. (Also see rule 19 para. 8 page 46.) 2.-In all throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, and the six be,st shall be allowed three additional trials. No competitor shall be allowed the additional trials unless one of his three trials was a fair throw. Each competitor shall be credited with the best of all his throws. (Also see rule 18 para. 1 page 43.) 3.-In all throwing events from a circle, it shall be a foul throw and not allowed to count, if the competitor after he has stepped into the circle and commenced to make a throw, touches with any part of his body, the circle or the ground outside, or improperly releases the discus, shot or hammer in making an attempt. 4.-The competitor must not leave the circle until the implement has touched the ground, and he shall then from a standing position, leave the circle from the rear half, which shall be indicated by a chalk line drawn through the centre and extended outside the circle, not less than 75 centimetres (30 inches) on each side. In throwing the javelin, a foul throw or improperly the implement in making an attempt shall be recorded as a throw, but shall not count. 5.-All throws from a circle, to be valid, must fall within the inner edge of the lines making a sector of 90Â°, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the circle and the e)1ds of which should be marked with metal flags. 6.-The measurement of each throw shall be made from the nearest mark made by the fall of the discus, shot, or head of the hammer, to the inside of the circumference of the circle along a line from the mark made by the implement to the centre of the circle.

7cm.

1m 50 (5 fU

1m 50 (S fU

RULE 41.

, 4m.

Javelin Throwing.

I.-The length of the runway shall be unlimited but not less than 30 metres (98ft. Gin.) and shall be marked by two parallel lines 5 centimetres (2 inches) in width and 4 metre3 (13ft. 1tin.) apart. The throw shall be made from behind an arc of a circle drawn with a radius of 8 metres (26ft. 3in.); such arc shall consist of a strip made of wood or metal 7 centimetre,s (2+ inches) in width, painted white and sunk flush with the ground. 2.-The javelin must be held at the grip. 3.-No throw shall be valid in which the point of the javelin does not strike the ground before any part of the shaft, or Whell the competitor touches with any pmt of his body or limbs, the strip or the lines drawn from the extremities thereof at right angles to the parallel lines or the ground beyond those lines. The competitor may cross either of the parallel lines. 4.-All throws to be valid must fall within the inner edge of lines marking a sector of 30 (approximately), the radii linBs cJ:Qssing at the centre of the circle shall be drawn through the extremities of the arc. The ends of the radii lines should be marked with metal flags. 0

JAVELIN, J"AVELOT

THROWING THE LANCEMENT DU PLAN

7.-A distinctive flag or disc shall be provided to mark the existing world record and when appropriate the existing national record in each throwing event. In the javelin, discus and hammer competitions a distinctive flag shall be provided also to mark the throws of each competitor. 8.-0nly throwing implements provided by the organisers of the meeting may be used. 9.-No harness, instrument or device of any kind which can be used as a support when making a throw shall be allowed. 10.-The maximnm allowance for lateral inclination of the runways for throwing events shall be 1: 100 and in the running direction 1; 1000. (Also refer to rule 18 page 43.)

(13 rl:

, 1m):

ThG mark n?ode.

-1Âť:.

Scm

'he ./ovelll''1.

(2 In )

Mar?-ue dv.lave/ot Z

Tape measure Rvban me.sure

Resvll to be read

Resv/tat

a hre. o

Scale 1/50 2

5.-If the javelin breaks, while in the air, it shall not count as a trial provided the throw was made in accordance with the rules.

SECTION VI. RULE 45.

G.-The measurement of each throw shall be made from the nearest point of the fall of the javelin to the inside . edge. of the arc along a line from the point of the fall to the centre of the circle, of which the arc is a part. (For implement refer to rule 50, page 76.) RULE 42.

W alking.

Throwing the Discus.

I.-The discus shall be thrown from a circle 2.50 metres (8ft. 2tin.) in diameter. (For implement and apparatus refer to rule 51 page 77.) RULE 43. Putting the Shot.

1.-The put shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. At the middle of the circumference in the front half of the circle a stop board shall be placed firmly fastened to the ground. 2.-The shot shall be put from the shoulder with one hand only and it must not be brought behind the plane of the shoulders. 3.-All measurements shall be made immediately after each throw. (For implement and apparatus refer to rule 52 page 78 and rules 56, 57 and 58 pages 80 and 81.) RULE 44. Throwing the Hammer.

1.-All throws shall be made from a circle 2.135 metres (7 feet) in diameter. 2.-When ,throwing the hammer, ordinary gloves for the protection of the hands are ,permitted. . 3.-If the hammer breaks during a throw or while in the air, it shall not count as a throw provided it was made in accorda)1ce with the rules. If the competitor thereby loses his equilibrium and commits a foul, it shall not count against him. 4.-It shall not be considered a foul throw if the head of the hammer touches the ground when the competitor makes the preliminary swings or turns; but if, after having so touched the ground, he stops throwing so as to begin the throw again, this shall COlmt as a trial throw. (For implement and apparatus refer. to rules 53 and 54 pages 78 and 79.)

'.':'

â&#x20AC;˘.,

1.-Definition.-Walking is progresio,l by steps so takeni';' that unbroken contact with the ground is ':.l \ â&#x20AC;˘ . the advanclUg foot must make contact with before the rear foot leaves the ground. / 2.-Judging and disqua,ufications.-A .cop:r6etitor whose mode of progressIOn faIls, 111 the op 11Ion of two of the Judges of Walking, to comply ith the definition during any part of the competition shall be disqualified and informed of his disqualificatio by one of the J ud"es of Walking. (Also see rule 7 par. 4 page 39.) 0 3.-Effect may be given to ny such disqualification immediately after conclusiqn of the competition, if CIrcumstances render Impracticable an earlier notice to the competitor of his disqualification. 4.-A competitor may be cautioned when by his mode of progression he is in danger of ceasing to comply with the definition of contact; but he is not entitled to a second caution. . . 5.-In track races a competitor is disqualified must immediately leave the track, and in ro.ad races the disqualified competitor must, immediately after his disqualification, remove the distinguishing nuniber or numbers which he is wearing. NOTE.-It is recommended that a system of signallinR " caution" by H,hite flag and "disqualification' by flag be used as fa}' as possible during (1' walking race for the information of the officials, and spectators. .6.-In all international races of 50 kilometres (or 30 miles). and over, refreshments shall be provided by the orgamsers, and refreshment stations shall be arran"ed at 10 kilometres or 6 miles, and thereafter at every kilometres or 3 miles. No refreshment may be carried or taken. by any competitor other than that provided by the orgamsers, but the athlete may specify the type of refreshment desired. (Also see rule 18 para. 9 page 44.)

rÂˇ'

SECTION VII. COMBINED COMPETITIONS.

RULE 46.

6.-The winner shall be the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points in the five or ten evepts as the case may be, awarded on the basis of the I.A.A.F. Scoring Table.

Pentathlon and Decathlon.

MEN. 1.-The Pentathlon consists of five events which shall be held in the following order: Long Jump; Throwing the Javelin; 200 metres; Throwing the Discus; and 1500 metres. 2.-The Decathlon copsists of ten events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order:First day 100 Metres; Running Long Jump; Putting the Shot; Running High Jump; and 400 Metres. Second day- 110 Metres Hurdles; Throwing the Discus; Pole Vault; Throwing the Javelin; and 1500 Metres. WOMEN. 3.-The Pentathlon for women consists of five events which shall be held on two consecutive days in the following order:First day Putting the Shot; Running High Jump; and 200 Metres. Second day- 80 Metres Hurdles; and Running Long Jump. 4.-The I.A.A.F. rules for each event constituting the competition will apply with the following exceptions:(a) In each of the jumping and throwing events, each competitor shall be allowed three trials only. (b) The time of each competitor shall be taken independently by at least two time-keepers, and if their times differ, the slower time shall be recorded. (c) In the running trials and the hurdles a competitor shall be disqualified in any event in which he has made three false starts. 5.-The scores separately and combined should be announced to the competitors after the completion of each event. (Refer to rule 19 paras. 9-11 page 46.)

SECTION VIII. SPECIFICATIONS FOR OFFICIAL IMPLEMENTS AND ApPARATUS.

RULE 47. Jumping and Vaulting Standards.

1.-Uprights.-Any style or kind of uprights or posts may be used provided they are rigid. 2.-Cross-bar.-The Cross-bar shall be of wood or n,etal, triangular or circular in section, each side or dian:eter of which shall measure 30 milIimetres (1 3/16th inch). The ends of the circular bar shall be constructed in such a way that a flat surface of 30 x 150 millimetres (I 3/16 x 6 inches) is obtained for the purpose of placing the bar on its supports on the uprights. Optionally the cross-bar may be split in the middle and joined with a metal clip about 300 millimetres (I foot) long. 3.-The cross-bar shall be of such a length that the distance between the uprights is not less than 3.66 metres (I2 feet) and not more than 4 metres (13 feet It inches). The maximum weight of the cross-bar shall be 2 kilo.grammes (1Ibs. 6215 oz.) 4.-Supports for cross-bar il1 the High Jumps. - The supports for the cross-bar shall be flat and rectangular, 40 IT'ilJitretres (It inches) wide and 60 millimetres (2i inches) long. They shall each face the opposite upright and the end of the cross-bar shall rest on them in such a manner that if it is touched by a competitor it will easily fall to the ground, either forwards or backwards. 5.-There shall be a space of at least 10 millimetres (i inch) between the ends of the cross-bar and the uprights. . 6.-The following drawings illustrate one way of constructing the uprights in acordance with the rule.

be 20 centimetres (8 inches) in depth. The box shall be lined on the inside with 2.5 millimetres (1/10 inch) sheet iron or n:etaJ. See drawing below:1 - ' - - - - - fOOO mm

(3' 4")--- - - - -

600 mm(2'

,.-_._---------------_.-

'-'--

f) I

RULE 48. Vaulting Pole.

7.-SuppUrTS for the eros-bar in the Pole Vault. - Pegs shall he used to support the cross-bar and shall be without notches or indentations of any kind, of uniform thickness throughout and not more than 13 millimetres (t inch) diameter. They must not extend more than 75 millimetres (3 inches) from the uprights, and the cross-bar shall rest on them so that if it is touched by a competitor or his pole it will fall easily to the ground in the direction of the pit. 8.-Wooden box for the Pole Vault.-This shall measure 100 feet 4 inches) in length, 60 centimetres at the front end, and tapering to 15 centi(2 in width at the stop-board, where it shall

The pole may be of any material and of any length or diameter, but the basic surface of the metal, where metal is used, must be smooth. The pole may have a binding only of not more than two layers of adhesive tape of uniform thickness. RULE 49. Take-off Board. LONG JUMP AND

Hop,

STEP AND JUMP.

1.-Construetion.-The take-off board shall be made of wood and shall measure 1.22 metres (4 feet) long, 200 millimetres (8 inches) wide and 100 millimetres (4 inches) deep. On the side nearer to the pit should be fixed a horizontal shelf 1.22 metres (4 feet) long; 140 millimetres (5t inches) wide; the top of which should be 25 millimetres

76 mch) below the surface of the take-off board. This shelf should have a ledge, of the following approximate n'easurements, along the edge next to the pit, 38 millimetres (It inches) high and 25 millimetres (1 inch) wide, thus forming a recess 38 millimetres (It i.nches) deep, 1.22 metres (4 feet) long, and 100 millimetres (4 inches) wide, imn:ediately beyond the take-off board on which to place on the shelf a board 25 millimetres (l inch) thick as required; with a layer of plasticine or similar sUbstance 13 millimetres (t inch) thick, the edge of which next to the take-off board must be at an angle of 30" to the horizontal. The layer of plasticine can be smoothed off by means of a roller or suitably shaped scra,per for the purpose of removing tlje footprints of the competitors. (Also see rule 37, paara. 1, page 65.) 2.-The take-off board shall be painted white. NOTE.-It will be found very helpful to have a spare plasticine board available, so that while the footprint is being eliminated the competitors are not delayed. Until the abovementioped construction can be brought into use, it is recommended that the old ty,pe of take-off board be used where in front of the take-off line and across all the length of it over a width of 100 millimetres (4 inches) the ground shall be sprinkled with sand or soft earth to make it 13 millimetres (t inch) higher than the take-off board. From the take-off board the earth 'shall be raised at an angle of 30" to the height of 13 millimetres (t inch). RULE 50.

2.-Grip.-It shall have, about the c,entre of gravity, a arip formed by a binding of whipcord with a width of: " For men 16 centimetres (6-1: inches) For "";omen 15 centimetres (6 inches). I'; ithout thongs or notches on the shaft, and shall have no other holding than the above-mentioned binding, the circumference of which at either edge shall not exceed the circumference of the shaft by more than 25 millimetres (l inch). 3.-Mcawrcment.-The length shall be not less than:For men 260 centimetres (8 feet 6 inches) For wo;nen 220 centimetres (7 feet 2:} inches). complete as thrown. 4.-Weight.-The weight shall be not less than:800 grammes (1 lb. 12-1: oz.) For men 600 grammes (1 lb. 5-1: oz.). For women complete as thrown. RULE 51.

Javelin.

l.-Construction.-The javelin shall be made of metal or wood with a sharp point (in the case of a wooden javelin, a sharp metal point) constructed in such a manner that the distance between the foremost point and the centre of gravity is not more than:For men 11 0 centimetres (3 feet 7t inches) For women 95 centimetres (3 feet It inches). Nor less than:For men 90 centimetres (2 feet II t inches) For women 80 centimetres (2 feet 7t inches).

Discus.

I.-Construction. - The discus shall be composed of a smooth metal rim ,permanently attached to a wood body, rr.etal plates set flush into the sides of the wooden body, and in the exact centre of the discus a means for securing the correct weight. The metal plates shall be circular in form, having a diameter of not less than:For men 51 millimetres.FÂˇ For women 50 millimetres(2 in:ches). nor more than 57 millimetres (2-1: inches). Each side of the discus shall be identical and shall be made without indentations, projecting points or sharp edges. The sides 'shall taper in a straight line from the beginning of the curve of the rim to a line a distance of 25 millimetres (1 inch) from the centre of the discus. 2.-Measurements.-The largest dimension shall be a circle pot less than:For men 219 millimetres (8t inches) For wome;l 180 millimetres (7 inches) in diameter. The thickness through the exact centre, on a line perpendicular to the diameter, shall be not less than : -

loop construction, but must be rigid and without hinging joints of any kind, and so made that it cannot stretch appreciably while being tillÂˇown. 4.-Col1nections.-The handle shall be connected to the head by means of a swivel which may be either plain or ball bearing. The grip shall be connected to the handle by means of a loop. A swivel may not be used. 5.-Weight and Length.-The total weight shall be not less than 7.257 kilogrammes (16 lbs.) and the total length not more than 1.22 metres (4 feet) complete as thrown.

For men 44 millimetres (1t inches) For women 37 millimetres (11 inches). The thickness at 25 millimetres (1 inch) from the centre shall be exactly the same as at the center. The thickness of the rim at a distance of 6 millimetres (quarter inch) from the edge shall be not less tha)} : For men 13 millimetres (1 inch) For women 12 millimetres (1 inch). The edge shall be rounded in a true circle. 3.-Weight. - The weight of the discus shall be not less than:For men 2 kilogrammes (4 lbs. 6 2/5 oz.) For women 1 kilogramme (2 lbs. 3 1/5 oz.) complete as thrown. 4.-A metal discus, ,complying with the official measurements, weight and conditicns may be used. RULE 52.

RULE 54. Hammer Throwing Cage.

I.-It is strongly recommended that all hammer throws be made from an enclosure or cage to ensure the safety of spectators, officials and competitors. 2.-The cage should be U-shaped in plan, the diameter of the bent portic)1 being 8.25 metres (27 feet) with the opening through which the throw is made 8.23 metres (27 feet) wide. The height should be not less than 2.74 metres (9 feet). 3.-A cage made. to the following specification is suggested. Framework.-A metal rod 19.2 metres (63 feet) in length is bent to the shape of a letter U the radius of the bent portion being 4.11 metres (13 feet 6 inches) and the width of the cpen end being 8.23 metres (27 feet). The rod is supported in a horizontal plane 2.74 metres (9 feet) above the ground by metal supports made in the shape of an inverted letter" y" or by gallows-shaped supports. The rod can conveniently be replaced by seven straight pieces of rod, 2.74 metres (9 feet) long joined at their ends to form a polygo/1al shaped U. The rod may be made of angle section iron 51 millimetres (2 inches) by 51 millimetres (2 inches) by 13 millirl-letres (:!- inch). Tubular metal may be used in place of rod, made of 47 millimetres (l i inch) a.D. tube, 3 millimetres (-I- inch) or 10 Standard Gauge thick.

Shot.

I.-Construction. - The shot shall be of solid iron. brass or any metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in, shape. 2.-Weight.-The shot shall weigh not less than:F or men 7.257 kilogrammes (16 lbs.) For women ., 4 kilogrammes (8 lbs. 13 4/5 oz.). 53. Hammer.

I.-Head. - The head shall be of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass or a shell cif such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in shape. 2.-Handle. - The handle shall be of single unbroken and straight length of spring steel wire not less than 3 <t inch) in diameter, or No. 36 piano wire 2.6 miflimetres (1 /l 0 inch) in diameter, and shall be such that it cannot stretch appreciably while the hanU11er is being thrown. The handle may be looped at one or both ends as a means of attachment. 3.-Grip.-The grip may be either of single or double

The supports must be constructed so tha; when the net is suspended from the rod the horizontal distance between the ,upr.lght and net is not less than 61 centimetres (2 feet). A net 19.2 metres (63 feet) long by 3.05 metres (10 feet). WIde maM of cord 12.5 millimetres (1' inch) in cllcumfelence wIth 50 mllhmetres (2 inches) meshes is suspended from the rod by tying or preferably lacing with S!l11llar cord. To the lower edge of the net restin'" on the ground 9 sandbags each weighing approximately 13.5 kilograms (30 pounds) arÂˇe attached at regular intervals Erection.-If inverted "y" shaped supports used two bracmg cross-ropes or wire stays are attached to the two supports at one end of the structure. It will assist in the erectIOn of the framework if this section is assembled first. Where permanent sockets can be set in the ground the gallows-type upnghts may be used. The sockets should be sunk .to a depth of 43 centimetres (17 inches) and prOVIded WIth covers for use when the uprights are removed. RULE 55. Circles.

2.-Meajurements. - The board shall measure 1.22 metres (4 feet) long on the inside, 114 millimetres (41' inches) wide and 100 millimetrÂˇes (4 inches) high. 3.-Finish.-The board shall be painted white.

RULE 57. Sectors for throws from circles and arcs.

The sector v,ithin which all throws must fall, shall be clearly marked on the ground with lines 5 centimetres (2 inches) wide, the inner edges of which shall form the sector lines, the radii lines crossing at the centre of the circles. The outer ends of the radii lines should be lY.arked with metal flags.

RULE 58. Sector Flag.

1.-COl1strTlction.-The Sector flag should be entirely of metal. 2.-Measuren:ents.-The flag should be rectangular in shape measuring about 10 x 18 centimetres (4 x 7 inches) with the standard 8 millimetres (5/16 inch) in diameter and not less than 91 centimetres (36 inches) in length.

I." \

\ : 1.-ConstructioTl.-Circles shall be made of ban\:! iron or steel. 2.-MeaslIrements.-The circle shall measure:Discus Throwing 2.50 metres (8 ft. 21' inches) inside diameter. Hammer Throwing and Shot Putting .. 2.135 metres (7 feet) inside diameter. .The metal circle shall be 6 millimetres C:\- inch) in thIckness and 76 millimetres (3 inches) in height. 3.-The circles shall be painted white. RULE 56. Stop Board (Putting the Shot.)

. 1.-ConstrTlctiOTl.-The board shall be made of wood m the shape of an arc so that the inner edge coincides with the mner edge of the circle, also so made that it can be firmly fixed to the ground.

RULE 59. Hurdles.

I \

I r

1.-Constl'lIction.-The hurdle shall be made of metal or wood and shall consist of two bases and two uprights supporting a rectangular frame reinforced by one or more cross-bars, the uprights to be fixed at the extreme end of each base. The hurdle shall be of such a design that a forc6 of at least 3.6 kilogral11mes (8 Ibs.) applied to the centre of the top edge of the cross-bar is required to overturn it. The hurdle may be adjustable in height for each event. The counterweights must be adjustable so that at each height a force of at least 3.6 kilogrammes (8 lbs.) and not more than 4 kilogrammes (8 lbs. 13 ozs.) is required to overturn it.

2.-Measurements.-The standard heights of the hurdles shall be:Women 87 metres 87,j- yards 76.2 centimetres (2 ft. 6 in.) Men 110 metres 120 yards 1.06 metres (3 ft. 6 in.) 200 metres 220 yards 76.2 centimetres ( 2 ft. 6 in.) 400 metres 440 yards 91.4 centimetres (3 ft. 0 in.). The extreme width shall be 1.20 metres (3 ft. 11 in.) The extreme length of the base shall be 70 centimetres (2 ft. 3,j- inches). The total weight of the hurdle shall be not less than 10 kilogrammes (22 lbs. 2,j- ozs.). NOTE. In each case there shall be a toleration allowance of 3 millimetres (I- inch) above and below the standard heights, to allow for vW'iation in the manufacture. (Also see rule 28 page 57.) 3.-The width of the top bar shall be 70 millimetres (2:,!- inches). 4.-Finish.-The top bar shall be striped in black and white. The hurdles shall be so placed on the track that the feet of the hurdles shall be on the side of the approach by the competitor. 5.-Testing.-To check the resisting force of hurdles a simple spring-balance should be used by the application of a pulling force to the centre of the cross-bar. Alternatively use a cord with a hook, applied to the centre of the crossbar, take the cord along over a pulley fixed conveniently and load the other end of the cord with weights.

RULE 60. Relay Baton.

I.-Col1struction.-The baton shall be of a smooth hollow wooden or metal tube in one piece the length of which shall be not more than 30 centimetres (one foot) ÂŁnd not less than 28 centimetres (11 inches). The circum-

ference shall be 120 millimetres (4:,!- inches) and it shall not weigh less than 50 grammes (1:'!- oz.). RULE 61. Starting Blocks.

I.-The purpose of starting blocks is to expedite the carrying through of programmes and to protect the tracks. 2.-They must be constructed entirely of rigid materials. 3.-They may be adjustable, but must be made without springs or other devices whereby the athlete can obtain any artificial assistance. 4.-They should be so made as to be easily and quickly placed into position and removed without damage to the track. RULE 62. Finish Posts. \

â&#x20AC;˘

The finish posts shall be of rigid construction of about 1.37 metres (4 ft. 6 in.) height, 8 centimetres (3 in.) width and 2 centimetres (:'!- in.) thickness.

'-1 , v' ,

84 GENERAL RULES FOR OLYMPIC EVENTS.

RULE 1. The Jury.

Ii I"I I

Ii II

II II

I, I I

I I I I

I.-The Jury shall consist of five or eight members appointed by the International Amateur Athletic Federation a.nd shall manage the field and track events at the Olympic Games. 2.-All financial and technical arrangements of the Olympic Games shall be in the hands of the N a:tional Olympic Committee organising the Games, but the Jury mentioned above shall supervise the technical arrangements, appoint judges, etc., as stated hereafter. The organising Committee shall appoint one of its members as liaison officer to the Jury; such liaison officer shall take care of and be responsible for good communication between the Jury and the organising Committee. 3.-The organising Committee shall be responsible for part of the travelling expenses of the Jury, but not for those of the international Judges. RULE 2. Work of the Jury.

I.-The Jury shall be the highest authority on the track, and receive and decide any protests. (See Rule 23 page 50 of the Athletic Rules for International Competitions.) 2.-The Jury shall not ov-errule the decisions of the Referees or Judges unless it shall find that a distinct mistake has been made. 3.-The Jury shall decide all questions relating to the actual conduct of the Meeting, the final settlement of which is not otherwise covered by the rules. 4.-The Jury shall, through special experts, investigate the track and field and the technical arrangements thereof, also that implements are in accordance with specifications, not less than 15 days before the opening of the Games. The report of such experts shall be forwarded -by the Jury

to the Olympic Committee organising the Games, as soon as possible, with the request that certain alterations be made if necessary. 5.-The Jury shall meet at the place where the competitions are to be held not less than eight days before the beginning of the events. It shall see that field and track are in good order, courses properly laid out and measured to conform to all the requirements as laid down by the Athletic Rules for International Competitions and that all implements and equipment necessary for satisfactory competition are provided. 6.-The organising Committee shall have all the implements ready for inspection at least five days before the opening of the games. Should the Jury not find the implements i.n accordance with specification, new implements shall be obtained as directed by the Jury. 7.-The organising Committee shall hand over to the Jury final entries arranged for the different competitions not less than five days before the opening of the Games. The Jury shall accept or reject such entries, arrange the series and heats, and return the result to the organising Committee, which shall publish the entries with the competitors' numbers in sufficient time before the opening of the Games. 8.-In the event of the track and field upon which the Olympic Games are to be held not being availa:ble for practice, the organising Committee shaH provide a suitable place for this ., purpose. RULE 3. The Athletic Ground.

1.-The length of each lap should be 40(') or 500 metres. The track for the 200 metres dash maybe straight. 2.-All tracks for running, jumping and throwing events must be of cinder or similar material. Grass is not permitted. 3.-0n the field inside the track there shall be arranged two platforms. One of these shall be near the tunnel through which the competitors enter the field, and from

which the field and track events shall be managed, and which shall have telephone communication with the dressing rooms of the athletes, the Press Stand, the Band Stand, the loud speaker, the flag posts, etc., and from which bells may be operated in all dressing rooms, to call the competitors to the start. 4.-The other platform shall serve as an office for the Jury in charge of the field and track events. 5.-The loud speaker shall be governed by the Manager of the Games, and the speaker into the microphone placed near the Manager. RULE 4. Officials.

I. Beside the Jury there shall be the following officials: One Manager, 3 or 4 Assistant Ma)1agers, One Keeper of the Implements, 2 or more Announcers.

RULE 5 The Manager.

The Manager shall have charge of the field and track events and be responsible for the proper carrying out of the Games. Te"l minutes before the time of an event, he shall sound the bells in the dressing rooms, and Announcers shall announce on the field, to the competitors, the judges and the public, the start of the event. The Manager of the Games shall not leave his stand during the time a competition is going on. After the finish of an event he shall, through his assistants, receive the results from the scorer of such event. All announcements to the public, press, etc., shall be given by the Manager of the Games through the Announcers, Press Stewards, loud speakers, etc. RULE 6. The Assistant Manager.

2. One Referee for track events, 3 Starters, 7 Judges at the finish, 6 or more Umpires, 9 Timekeepers. 3. One Referee for throwing events, 6 or more Judges for throwing events, 4. One Referee for jumping events, 6 or more Judges for jumping events. 5. One or more Press Stewards, One Official Surveyor, One Marshal, One or more Doctors. 6. Necessary number of Clerks and Scorers, including Lap-Scorers, Necessary number of Assistants. . 7.-For the running events in Decathlon, as well as in the Marathon race and the 50,000 metres Walking Race. the numbers of officials must be considerably increased.

I.-The Manager shall have three or four Assistant Managers, one for running events, one for jumping events and one for throwing events, etc. The Assistant Managers shall see that starts are carried out and shall follow the particular competitions. Fifteen minutes before theÂˇ finish of any competition they shall notify the Manager thereof, in order that he may be prepared for the start of the next event.

2.-The Assistant Managers shall at the end of each eve)1t collect and hand to the Manager the results given by the scorers. RULE 7. The Keeper of the Implements.

This official shall keep all implements under lock and key and shall be responsible for the implements being at hand in proper time for each event. The keeper of the implements acts directly under the Manager of the Games.

88 RULE 8.

The Referees.

1.-The Referees are responsible for the proper conduct of each event u.nder their control and assign to the Judaes their particular duties. In the case of a difference betw:en the Judges, they shall decide and, if necessary, refer to the Jury. 2.-When, in any but the final heat of a race, a claim for a foul or interference is made, the Referee shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable c;relessness, and shall also have the power to allow the hindered competitor to start in the next round of heats ' just as if he had been placed in his trial. 3.-When, in a final heat, a claim for a foul or interference is made, he shall have the power to disqualify the competitor who was at fault, if he considers the foul intentional or due to culpable carelessness, and he shall also have the power to order a new race between such of the competitors as he thinks entitled thereto.

RULE 9. Timekeepers.

1.-Timekeepers shall use only watches tested and certified at an astronomical or physical institute during the same year in which the Games take place, and the rules and conditions of the test be similar to those adopted by the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England. (The said Rules are published in the 1931 edition of the Athletic Rules.) 2.-The use of watches of the Splitsecond Type (Rattrapantel is strongly recommended, also that all watches to be used by the official timekeepers at the Games shall be provided by the Organizing Committee of the Games. 3.-0ne of the timekeepers acts by appointment of the Jury as head timekeeper al1d regulates the daily divisioD and work of the other timekeepers. 4.-The timekeepers shall act inde.pendently from one

another, enter their times without discussing times and without showing their watches to each other in the form specially made for this purpose, after slgmng the form, hand it to the head timekeeper who is entitled to control the reported times on the watches. 5.-The head timekGeper enters the reported time in a special blank (schedule) fixes the official time results according to Rule 10 and provides for publication. 6.-The head timekeeper may entrust one of the timekeepers with taking intermediate times and may des1 anate for taking the time of the winner (a fourth) tin'ekeeper, the time taken by whom shall only be taken into account in case and for whatever reason only two watches have been acting. 7.-The timekeepers take their place by gradation in extension to the finish line on the other side of the track 3.nd in at least two metres from the finishing post. 8.-In all races up to 200 metres the times of at least the first three, in all other running and walking races the times of at least the first six, shall be officially taken and published. 9.-0ut of the timekeepers 4 take the time of the first, 3" " " second, 3" " "third. One of the four designated for the first place acts as a reserve timekeeper (see under para. 6 above). 10.-In races. of 400 metres or more those timekeepers who take the time of the first place take also the time of the fourth place, those who take the time of the second place, take also the time of the fifth place, and those who take the time of the third place take also the time of the sixth place. RULE 10. Other Officials.

Regarding other officials, their duties are specified in the Athletic Rules for !J;1ternational Competitions, which apply for all other questIons regarding the Olympic Games. (Refer to pages 35 to 43.)

90 RULE 11. Qualification Trials.

. I.-Where in any of the throwing or jumping events (hammer throwing, women's high jump and women's javelin throwing excepted) the number of entries exceeds 18, a qualifying round shall be held prior to the competition proper. 2.-No athlete shall participate in the competition proper unless he has reached the prescribed standard in the qualifying round; but if in any event less than 12 competitors reach the qualifying standard, then the first 12 athletes and any athlete tying for the 12th place shall take part in the competition proper. 3.-In each qualifying round, each competitor shall be allowed three trials, but the performances accomplished shall not be considered part of the competition proper. Once a competitor has reached the qualifying standard, he shall not make any more trials.

GENERAL RULES FOR EUROPEAN CHAMPIONSHPIS IN FIELD AND TRACK EVENTS

RULE 1. The Council of the LA.A.F. has decided that European championships shall be arranged every 4 years. RULE 2. The European Championships shall be controlled by the Council of the I.A.A.F. and the European Commission. RULE 3. The Council of the I.A.A.F. shall possess the following powers: . (a) it shall decide all fundamental questions concerning these championships; (a) it shall give permission to one of the European Members of the LA.A.F. to arrange these championships; (c) it shall have the supreme control of these championships; (d) it shall appoint the European Commission. RULE 4. The European Commission is appointed for a period of 4 years and shall consist of a President, a Hon. Secretary and 5 other Members, elected from different nations. The President and the Hon. Secretary may reside in the same' country. The Commission shall serve until a new Commission is appointed and inducted to office. RULE 5. The European Commission shall possess the following powers:(a) it shall determine, in co-operation with the

93 organising country, the date of the Championships; (b) it shall have charge of the preparations for the Championships and their permanent control and conduct; (c) it shall appoint the Jury, Judges and Officials, accept or reject entries, arrange heats, and in general exercise the same control over the European Championships as does the Council of the LA.A.F. over the Olympic Games; (d) h shall follow the directions given by the Council of the LA.A.F. and report to this body in European questions; to investigate and accept European Records according to special rules adopted for this purpose. RULE 6. The European Championships shall be arranged every 4 years, always 2 years after the Olympic Games. The duration of the Championships for men shall be three days aad for women two days. With the consent of the Council of the LA.A.F. different Members may arrange the championships for men and women. RULE 7. The Championships shall comprise the complete Olympic Programme. RULE 8. The order of the events and the complete daily programme shall be determined by the European Commission by the end of December. RULE 9. Each LA.A.F. Member in Europe may be represented

by two athletes (in womens championships: three) in each individual evellt and one team in each relay event. Only subjects of a country can represent that country. RULE 10. The final entries submitted by the national Federation must be in the hands of the Federation of the organising country ten days before the first day of the Champioaships. Entries for the relay events need not be accompanied by the names of the competitors but the names of not more than 6 participants must be handed in by 6 o'clock in the evening of the day preceding the event. RULE I!. Every entry shall be accompanied by an entry fee of one gold franc or its equivalent. RULE 12. In each event the winner shall receive a gold medal, the next two silver medals and the next three bronze medals. RULE 13. All other participants, as well as members of the Jury, the Judges and Officials, shall receive commemorative medals. RULE 14. In addition to these rules, the European Championships shall be subordinated to the Amateur Status, the athletie and the Olympic Rules of the LA.A.F., as well' as all decisions and resolutions of the Congress and the Counerl of the LA.A.F. RULE 15. The members of the Jury, the Judges and Officials shaH be appointed by the European Commission from experts of the various nations. RULE 16. The organizing Association shall be responsible for all the costs and expenses involved in the preparation and conduct of the Championships, as well as for all obligations imposed by the LA.A.F.

94 RULE 17.

REGULA.TIONS FOR EUROPEA.N RECORDS

.:'I.

The organizing Association shall pay to the LA.A.F. 4 % of the total of the gate money at the European Championships. This money shall be paid not later than 14 days after the last day of competitions.

I.-European Records are recognized in the athletic events of the programme of the Olympic Games with the exception of the Marathon Race, 3000 m. Steeple Chase and 50 km. Walk for which no Records will be allowed.

RULE 18.

2.-The performances of citizens of European countries will be recognized as European Records.

The organizing Association shall pay the travelling and living expenses (second-class railway return ticket, board and lodging for a maximum period of 8 days [for women 7 days] including the time taken in travelling) for at least 100 m<:n and 50 women athletes of the various participating countnes. RULE 19.

3.-Citizens of European countries performing in other continents will only be taken into consideration when their permanent domicile is in Europe. 4.-The performances of subjects of non-European Countries cannot be taken into consideration. 5.-The non-European performances of athletes who are admitted according to the above rules as Eupropean athletes may be also recognised as European Records if these performances ar,e obtained at Olympic Games or they have been accepted by their respective national associations as national records. .

These 100 and 50 places respectively, shall be distributed among the various countries in accordance with the athletic results of the preceding year. The organizing Association shall work out a formula from which the quota for each country can be calculated and submit this to the European Commission for approval and distribution of the places.

6.-At the first registration of European Records all world's records recognized by the LA.A.F. and complying with the above rules are entered in the list without control. Furthermore, all performances already recognized by the competent national association as national records will also be accepted as European Records without proofs if their essential data (name of athlete, performance, time, place etc.) are certified and presel1ted in writing by the respective' national association.

RULE 20. The places shall be so distributed that each participating country shall obtain at least one place. RULE 21. Other expenses of the athletes participating in the Championships shall not be paid. As far as possible, however, the organizing Association shall try to obtain for the athletes, officials and judges, board and lodging at reduced prices and reductions in the travelling expenses.

, I

7.-For all future performances the same rules and procedure will be in force as the world's records. Application for the registration of records must be submitted in writing, the application to be accompanied by the proofs prescribed in Rule 26 and sent to the lA.A.F., 71 S1. George's Square, London, S.W.I, England. 8.-The European Records are verified and definitely sanctioned by the Comission of Europe.

EVENTS FOR WHICH WORLD RECORDS ARE RECOGNISED

Jumping.

High jump Long jump.

Hop, step and jump Pole vault. Throwing.

MEN Running.

100 yards 220 440 " 880 " " 1 mile

2 miles 3 " 6 10 " 15 " "

100 metres 2,000 metres 3,000 200 " 5,000 " 400 " " 10,000 800 " " 1,000 20,000 " 1,500 " 25,000 ", " 30,000 " 1 hour

110 metres 200 metres 400 metres

DECATHLON WOMEN Running.

10 miles 20 30 " "

100 200 800

4 x 110 yards 4x220" '" x 880 "

4 x 100 metres 4x200" 3x800" Jumping.

4x 100 metres 4x 200 " 4x 400 " 4x 800 " 4 x 1500

High jump

3,000 metres 5,000 " 10,000

1 hour and 2 hOlors.

Long jump. Throwing.

Javelin throwing Discus throwing Shot put.

Walking. 2 miles 5 "

60 metres

100 yards 220 " 880 "

Relays. 4 X 110 yards 4x220 " 4x 440 " 4 x 880 " 4x 1 mile

Discus throwing Han11ner "

Hurdles. 80 metres (8 hurdles). Relays.

Hurdles. 120 yards 220 yards 440 yards

Shot put Javelin throwing

15,000 metres 20,000 30,000 " " 50,000

PENTATHLON

11:

OFFiCiAL LIST OF WORLD TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS

MEN

(Recogni.ed by the LA.A.F. as at the 20th June, 1951) Event

Holder

Height or Distance

Date

Country

Place

RUNNING 100 yards 320 440 880

1 nl'i1e

3 (,

100 metres .....

. ..

200 400 800

1,000 1,500

2,000 3,000

Event

9.3 s 20.2 s 40.0 s hu. 49.2 s.

:1i11.

. }{. E. Patton . 1\1. E. Patton

. H. McIZenley S. C. \Vooderson

M. 'Whitfield G. I-Iagg G. Hagg G. Hagg \T. Heino V. I-Ieino

alA s.

8 m. 42.8 s. 13 111. 32.4 s. 28 111. 3'0.8 s. 49 m. 22.2 s. 1 h. 17 m. 28.6 s. 10.2 s .

20.2 s 45.8 s 1 m. <:;6.65 2 ;no 21.4 s

M. IIeitel1en

T. C. Owens H. Daviv L. LaBeach

N. H. Ewell

. . .. ..

M. E. Patton V. G R.hoden R. I-I:-l.l·big O. R Gustafssoll M. Hansenne 3 m. 43 s . G. Hag-g: L, Strand 5 m. 7 s. G. Reiff 7 m . .98.8 s....... G. Reiff

Time Height or Distance

. " . Panama

.. U.S.A

Hagg

E. Zatopek

1 h. 2 m. 40 s. '" 1 h. 20 m. 14 s.. 1 h. 39 lU. 14.6 s. . . 19339 111 12 miles 29 yds.

V. I-Ieino

M. Hietanen F. K. Vanin \T. Heino

. ..

. ..:::::: .. . .. Germanv .. . Sweden " .. :France . Sweden .. .. .. B eig-i u I;{''::::::. ..

Holder

5,000 metres ..... 13 m. 58.2 s. 10,000 29 111. 2.6 s. 20,000 " 25,000 " 30,000 .. 1 hour

,.,

. U,S.A. . ; J . Ct. Britain & Norvhern Ireland . . U.S.A . . Sweden . . .. . Fi ..::::::: '.. . . U.S:A. :::::::::

Country .. ..:.. Sweden . Czechoslovakia , . Finland .. . .. U.S.S.R. Finland .

15.. 5.48 ,7. 5.49 5. 6.48 20. 8.38

Fresno U.S.A. Los Angele·s . Berkeley . London .. EnQ;land

19. 17, 4. 20. 1. 14. 23. 20. 6. 15, 9. 7. 22. 15, 4. 27. 7. 16. 29. 12.

Berea, Ohio .. Jvlalmo . Stockholm . GotJlenburg .. Kouvola . Helsinki Gamlakarleb}' Chicago .. Compton .. Fresno . I1Iinois Los Angeles . Eskilsttina .. Milan .. noras .. I.othenhul''"r .. Gothenburg .. Malmo . Rrussels . Gavle .

.1 .

8.50 7.45 8.44 9.42 9.49 9.46 5.48 6.36

6.41 5.48 7.48 5.49 8.50 7.39 9.46 8.48 7.44 7.47 9.48 8.49

Date

U.S.A.

Sweden

U.S.A.

Italy Sweden

Bei iulll Sweden

Place

120. 9.42 4, 8.50

Gothenburg . Sweden Turku .. Finland

122. 23.

9.49 5.48 1.11.49 30. 9.45

Turku

fblhsl Turku

. U.S.S.R. .. Finland

14. 5.38

Fres110

U.S.A.

20. 5.49

TJOS

17. 6.41

Los Angeles ...

24. 5.41

1:0s Angeles '''1

RE:LAYS 4 x 110 yards

40.5 s,

4 x 220

1m. 245

4 x 440

3 m. 09.4

4x 880

7 m. 34,S

mile

16 m. 42.8

University of South California. (La Fond, Anderson Tordall, .. U.S.A. .. Univet"sity of S. California. nvL Pat;toll, R. Frazier G. Pasquali, N. Stocks) s....... tTuivel'sity of California. (l{eese, Froo11l, names. Klemmer) s....... TTniversity of Califomia. ("Reese', Klemmer, Petl':r. Barnes.) .. Gefle lclrottss. fOl"ellinQ'. It. Eengtsson, G. Bergqvist, . Sweden Aberg, H. Eriksson.) .

Angeles ...

5. 8.49

.IStockholm "'I ...... l Sweden

i§

I; 1J

Time Height or DiSltauce

Event 4 x 100 .1dl·es

39.8 s

4 x 200

Im.24s

4 x 400

3 m. 08.2

4x800

7 m. 29 s

4 x 1500 "

.... 15

Ill.

30.2

. U.S.A. National Team. (Owens, Metcalfe, Draper, Wykoff.) .. U uiversity of S. California. (1\L Patton, R. Frazier, G. Pasquali, N. Stocks.) s . U ..S .A. National Team. (Fuqua, Ablowich. Carr.) Swedis·h National . Team. (Sten. Linden, Limlganl, Strand.) = .. s....... Gevle Idrotts· for-ening. (I. Bengtsson , H. Edksson,O. Aberg, G. Bergqvist.) .

U.S.A.

o o

Place

Date

Country

Holder

Berlin

9. 8.36

Germany

20. 5.49

Los Angeles... U.S.A.

U.S.A.

7. 8.32

Los Angeles... U.S.A.

Sweden

13. 9.46

Sweden ........

3. 7.49

Stockthohn

Sweden

Gevle

Sweden

HURDLES

120 yards . 220 440 ,. 110 metres .....

13.5 s. 22.3 s. 51.9 s. 13.6 s.

400

50.6 s.

22.3 s.

200

...........

R. A. Attlesey

. U.S.A. ......... 13. 5.50

R. A. Attlesey F. Wolcott H. Dillard G. Hardin

. . ..

FresHo .. U.S.A. Salt Lake City Milan . Maryland . U.S.A. Princeton ...•.,. Salt Lake City Stockholm ......

Itaiy ...:::::::::

:.. .::::::::::::::..::::::....

U.S.A. ......... 24. 0.50 ......... 1 8. 6.40 .........

21. 6.47

......... 26. 7.34

T.itne Height or Distance

Event

Holder

Coun-try

Flace

Date

WALKING 2 miles

12 m. 45 s. 35 m. 33 s.

48 m. 1E.2 1 h. 10 m. ;1"1.8 s. 2 h. 41 111. 07 s. , 4 h. 24 tn, 54.2 s. 11 tn. 51.8 s. 20 tn. 26.R s. 42 m. 39.6 s 1 h. 8 m. 28 s. 1 h. 32 J11. 28.4 2 h. 28 m. 57.4 s. 4 h. 34 m. 03 5.. 13,812 m. (8 miles 1,052 y) 25,531 m. O. Anderson (15 miles 1,521 yc

Sweden 1. 9.45 Ct. Britain 16. 6.49 Northern I Ireland . IV. Hard;mo Sweden . 9. 9.45 I J. F. Mtkaelsson .. 23. 8.4S H. Olsson S\veden 15, 8.43 F. Cornet 1 France 11.10.42 V. Hardulo 1 Sweden 1. 9.45 V. Hardlllo .. 31. 7.45 V. Hardlllo .. l. 9.45 D. Paraschi vescu Roumania 20. 3.49 J. F. Mikaelsson Sweden 12. 7.42 H. Olsson ........................." 1S P. Sievert Germany..... 5.1O.:d J. F. Mikaelsson Sweden I 1.

10 " 20 " 30 .. 3,000 metres 5,000 10,000 " 15,000 20,000 30,000 50,000 " 1 hour 2

15. 9.45

Sweden England

Malmo London

V. Hardmo H. G. Churcher

I Kumla

Stockholm Bor?-s FarIs Malmo E::ulnla Kumla Bucharest Vuxj5 Dar-as :M;unchen I Stockholm

I IStockholm

. . .. . . . . . . .. .. .

Sweden

" Roumania Sweden Sweden :

JUMPING 2.11 111 (6 ft. 11& in.) 8.13 tll (26 ft. 8, in.)

High Jump Long Jump Hop, Step and JUI11P

Pole Vault

16 In (52 ft.

. 4.77 111 (15 ft.

L. Steers

J. O\vens

in.) .

in.)

N. Tajitna A. F. da Silva., C. \Vannerdarn

U.S.A. .

Japan Brazil U. S.A.

.. .

17. 6.41

Los Angeles

25. 5.35

Ann Arbor

6. 8.36 3.12.50 23. 5.42

Berlin Soa- Paulo Modesto

U.S.A.

. Germany Brazil U.S.A.

-o

Time Height or Distance

Event

Country

Holde..

..... o

Place

Date

THROWING 3hot Putting

17.95 n1 •••.•••••• (58 ft. 109 in.)

56.97 m (186 ft. 11 in.) 78.70 m

DiSCU6

Throwing Tavelin Throwing "l3:an1tner 'Phrowing

J. Fuchs

22. 8.50

Eskilstuua .....

14. 8.49

Hameelliinna .. Finland

Finland

16.10.38

ICotka

Hungary

16. .1.50

Budapest

U. S.A.

2J)·30. 6.50 Tulav;e

U.S.A.

. F. Gordian

. Y. Nikkanen . (258 ft. 2ij in.) 59.88 m .. I. Nemeth . (196 ft. 5, in.) .

Sweden

Hungary

DECATHLON

R.. B. M;atl'l.ias

8,042 poiNts.

U.S.A.

WOMEN RUNNING 100 yards

. M. Jackson . F. E. Blankers-Koen .. A. Larsson . S. Walasiewicz . H. Stephens F. E. Blankei·s-Koen .. S. Walasiewicz . E. M. Vasiljeva

. 1'0.7 s

24.2 5 2 m. 15 6 s 880 " 60 metres ..... 7.3 s 11.5 s 100 23.6 s

200 800

111.

Australia .. Netherlands. S\veden . Poland . U.S.A . Netherlands. Poland . U.S.S.R .

31. 3.50 6.50 9.45 9.33 8.36 13. 6.48 IS. 8.35 If. 7.50

29. 5. 24. 4.

Newcastle Brescia Stockholm Lemberg Berlin Amsterdam 'l\'arsa\v Moscow

.. . . . . . .. .

Australia Italy Sweden Poland Gennany Netherlands Pola·nd U.S.S.R.

Amsterdam ....

NetherlaHd5

HURDLES ..... 11 s

Time-

Event

Height or DiSttance

4 x 110 :yards ...... 47.3 s.

3 x 880

.....

4 x 100 metres

" x 200

3 x 800

....

................

7.8 s .

111.

46.4 s.

.....

........

.................

J 1l1. 40.6

....

Net'herlands. 20. 6.48

F. E. Blankers-KoeM

s. .......

6 m. 49.6 s.

......

HaIdet-

Country

Date

RELAYS

Sou th African National Team. (F. C. 'Wills, S. BBlack, E. Maskell,

D. L. E. Robb.) ............... Ellglis'h Sout-hern Counties Team. (D. Born, E. Garritt,

South Africa

Gt. Britain & Nortkern Ireland ........ ,

10.4 50

6. V. Ball ............................. Ger1'nall N adonal Team (Alb"", Kraus, Dollinger Dorffe1dt.) ........................ Germany ..... S. Dinamo Club. , (S. Malshen<:L, A. Tchudil1a, Z. Duhovitch, E. 1. Seohenov-a. ) ...................... U.S.S.R. ...... 12. U.S.&.R. National Team. I (L. Sokolova, N. Kabysh, E. Vasiljeva.) ................... ..........1 24.

Place

Kimberley ....... S. Africa

8.49

London

8.36

Berlin

7.50

ivloscow

...........

Engtancl

.............

Germany

..........

U.S.S.R.

I 7.50

Moscow

..........

JUMPING Hiwh Jump

........

Long Jump

.......

1.71 Ill............ F .in.) (5 ft. 6.25 111............ F. (20 ft. 6 tla.)

E. E.

....... J

Ela.nkers ·K-oeB.

......·1

Netherlands . 30. 5.43

19. 9.43

Amsterd:il111 ....

I Leiclel1 ............

N etherlallds

..... ow

T;ime Height or Distance

Event

Country

Holdet

Date

Place

THROWING

Putting the • Shot

Throwing the Discus

15.02 m (49 ft. 31-ins.)

53.25 In. .••.••.•• N. DUlnbadze (174 ft. in..)

Throwing the Javelin

A. S, An(1i'eeva ,., .. ,

N. V. Smirnitskaja

53.41 m (175 ft. in.)

9.11.50

Ploesti

8. 8.48

Mosco\v ....,.....

5. 8.49

Moscow

, , U.S.S.R.

.. Roumania

U.S.S.R.

PENTATHLON 418 points

G. !vIauermayer

.. Gennany

"'''-:'

16·17. 7,38 Stuttgart ........

Germany

OFFICIAL LIST OF EUROPEAN TRACK AND FIELD RECORDS MEN

(Recognised by the I.A.A.F. as at the 20th June. 1951) Time Height or Distance

Eveilt

Holder

Country

Date

Place

RUNNING

E H I \

"'"

'- ( 440 " ....

47.6 s 1 m. 49.2 s. 4 m. 1.4 -s.

,,880 " Yo 1 mile

" '"4 ,,'" 3 J 6 , '1ll J 15

_ ?OO

1,500

"'.."..' Ii

" ,ij 400" J 800 I' 1,000..

"'J

A, G. K. Brown S. C. Vvoodersou G. Hagg

" " "

" " Sweden

1. 8.38 20. 8.38 17.

..;........... 13 Jl1, 32.4 s. G. Hagg ,. .. ' 20. 9.42 23 Jl1. 30.8 s, , V. Heino Finland 1. 9.49 A9..u...22.2 1 h. 17 m. 28.6 s. ],I. Hietanen 23. 5.48 -10..3 . " 10..3-5•. l...... , D. Bel gel .&......... . Mterla1rrls. Q.J L.· vecle

" " " ..

10,3.s.

20.9 s. 46 s. ;

111.

.2 111, 3 111. 3 'in: 5 t11. 7 m. 13 111.

46.6 s. ?

21 4 s 43 s. 43 s. 7s 58.8 s 58.2 s

N ec];er ma·ll .•.••

H. Kornig R. Harb!g R. Harbig __

G. L. G. G. G.

" e1111 Hag"g Strand E. G. Reiff E. G. Reiff I-Higg

HdoH_ _ ...........-

London " London " Malmo .,.......... Sweden

'1 \

-wndOll--_{Jv,;m'dA1ud ..§>;-Nortlrern

e.Hllttll')

" " 5" Sweden

. I.J';;I

19. 828 12. 8.39

Gothenburg Kouvola

,. Finland _ Gamlakarleby . ';'':''mrmr\llli

'n .I:

a mo

::IerJlU

Berlin· Fcankfurt Milan

15. 7.39 .:::::::'. =-4:-'9:'1tn=-Gothenburg

15. Belgiun;·:·:.::·.: 29. S" 12. weden 20.

7.47 9.48 8.49 9.4:'

Gothet:burg Malmo Brussels Gavle I Gothenburg

-Net-herhrnds yo.. Germany Italy weden--::>weden "

Belgium Sweden

Event

\, 10,000 metres .....

\: 25;000

3{),ooo

.......

........

1',illle

Height or Distauce

........

Holder

E. Zatopek

Counh"y

.......................

111.

2.6

S•

...............

...."1"eteTd. H. :Iou en, J. 'Scl.luller.) ...................." Genll1fny ...... "1..""11 . ish (E. . av:,

G. T. S

vV.

...........

4 x 100 metres

...

111.

42.8 s.

40.1 s.

.. ....

...............

x 400 metres....

'.J

3 m. 9 s

4 x 800 "

7 m. 29 s

4 x 1'500"

151M. 30.2 S

el"S,

A/ r. Sweeney.

..............

Gavle I.e. (1. Bengtsson, H. Eriksson, O. Aberg, G. Bergqvist.)

...............

T,ime Height or Di&tance

Event

4.'7:2i'·

I:;olldon '7. ••-.-... " , England

Team.

& Ireland ........

Sweden

.....

5. 8.49

Country

Holder Britis·h National Team. (F. F. Wolff, G. L. Rampling, W. Roberts, A. G. K. Brown.) .. Swedish National Team. (T. Stein, O. Linden S. Lit-ldgard, f Strand.) . Gavle Idrottsfoerning (1. Bengtsson, I-I. Eriksson, O. i\heq:r. G. Bergqvist.) .

............ --"-.

........

German N ationaI Team. CE. Borchmeyer, G. I-Ior,nberger, K. Neckermann, T. Scheuring.) .................. Gernlany

29 7.39 .

Stockholm

Berlin

Date

Ct. Bri.tain & Northern Ireland .

9. 8.36

13. 9.46

Sweden

Sweden ........

. E. H. Lidman . .-Lounev ··· .. . F,\V. Holling .. J. C. Arifon .. A. Filiput . 1 Filipllt

14 s 23.6 ·5 51.6 s "i 400 " 51.6 s 51.6 s .. 440 yards ....... 51.9 s

• \" 110 metres

2 Miles 5 "

........

111. 111.

Place

I Berlin

Germany

I Stockholm

Sweden

Gayle

'T.

- 3;),,, . 1.l'S 48 m. 15.2

R.l+cdldI1

3. 7.49

1 Sweden ··.· ····· .. ··1 U.S.S.R Gennany France Italy Italy

.. 22. 9.40 .. -·.10.49 .. 9. 7.39 .. 9. 9.48 . 8.10.50 . 8.10.50

13aracca Tbilisi

Italv

MIlan

Germany France Italy Italy

Malmo London

Sweden England

Kumla

Sweden

1 arlS

'WALKING

Hardlno J:;I;..,.G_Ch,urcher

45 s. 33 s.

...... Sweden

............. Germany

HURDLES

,,'v2QO

Czecho4. 8.50 Turku ..........•... Finland Slovakia ...... • ........................... _Iti_nland-",••.•..-.--._ ..;J;l,-g049-- -TiJrku ............. M. Hietanen ..................... Gamlakarleby . 1 11. 20 m. 14 s. 23. 5.48 -1=h:-39'41h-M.0-s_ Tbilisi ...... "'.."""" .JJJi_S<;oR.-;j;. '"19;i139qn....•.. ..... -1'"1.1nl-aud----.. 9.45 ""C"12=miles"'29=y<1&.; 29

.... '4272 s.

Place

iii:

E)ne Ho;t'r

4x1 mile

Date

V. Hardn10

. Sweden .. 1. 9.45 . Ct. Britain & NOl"thern IlI·:\,":l. IrelaNd .. S,veden

9. 9.45

{/f}. 'h

<4:1 /.c.-v..do", ..:1

fb-+tV/

Time Height or Dis,tance

Event

\'10' Miles ..•.... l,h. 10 '26

, II

30 \.... 3,000 metres ";. ,,·5,000 I t "'\; 10,000 " 15;' . \ 20,000 " r SOjQOO . _;,

\. - 5irOOO "

55.8 s.

U m. 51.8 s. '20 111. 26.8 S 42 n1. 39.6 s. 1 1

F. Mikaelsson

;. .

Place

Sweden

23. 8.45

Stockholm

.• "

31. 7.45 9. 9.45

Kumla ..

S\\eden

12. /.42 1.s.-s.-A3

Sweden

" " . ...R.ou.mft111ii7 Sweden .

1. F. Mikaelssoll

..lI.-Qlsson"""........................

.. ..::.mn

_. ;...M;11111'C"h

Sweden .,

:=-'25;5jr 1110 ••••••• (15 miles 1,521 yi

Dale

... .-_",,1.$.-8.4.3- ,J301.aS ....:.. ;0:.... it-.. "FI'ftnce -1-1-:10:42..-_ -Era.Jlce.... Sweden 1. 9.45 Malmo Sweden

r 13,.812 m \ T. F. Mlkaelssoll '(8 mtles 1,025 ydil O. Andersson

Countl'y

•

V. Hardmo V. fIardmo V. Hardl110

l. ••

One.hour TWo "

\L -J.d:;

111.

Holder

1. 9.45

15. 9.45

Stockholm

Sweden

"......."

JUMPING

High Jump

2.04 m (6 ft. 8, in.) 7.90 m. (25 ft. 11 in.) 15.70 1l1: (51 ft. 6§ tn.)

Long Jump

'4 Hop,

Step and Tump , .P..ole \T all] t

lu:rt+"&rtit.'?

1. 9.36

Gothenburg

Sweden

. Germany .....

1. 8.37

Berlin

Jermany

, U.S.S.R. ......

21. 7.50

K. Kotkas

Finland

L. Long " L. Scherbakov U b ... ...-L-l_I",u-nd . 'T'

78.70111. (258 ft. in.)

Moscow..........

Y. Nikkanen

J.S.S.R. .s,..""reu

Sweden

THROWING Tavelin

Finland

16.10.38

IKOlka ",,,.,,,,.,,

Finland

Event

Time Heig-ht or Distance

.........

Putting t,he 16.93 m. Shot ................ (55 ft. in.) Throwing the 55.47 111. Discus ............ (181 in.) 'l::h1'0wi'ng:, the I • U!l.S ....... H'ftl . . •••.. .1% ft il1:+ Decathlon .......... Points:7824.5 (ILl; 7.48; 15.31 ; 1.80; 52.2: 15.8; 47.23; 3.43; 58.32; 4,58.8)

Holder

H. Lipp

..................... IJ.,..N:e,ueth............. H. H. Sievert ................... A. Consolini

Country

Date

U.S.S.R. ......

6. 8.50

............

23. 7.50

Italy

Germany

...... 1'"1>6,.....\" .....

7-8. 8,34

........ ...

>=lJ""S.

Moscow Rome

.......... U.S.S.R.

..............

Italy

In..., 0

Hamburg

........

Germany

RUNNING

....... 10.8 s. F. E. Blankers-Koen ....... Nethedands 18. 5.44 "?20 " ....... 24.2 s................. F .. E. .Blankers·Koen ....... 6.50 .-9:'\'5 ........ \{ 60 7.3 s................. S. alasiewicz ................. Poland ........ 24. 9.33 . ' 3 1 0 0 ' 11.5 s............... F. E. Blankers-Koen ....... N evherlands . 13. 6 48 '/200 " ........ 23.6 s................. S. \Valasiewicz ................ IS. 8.35 "

Place

WOMEN

................

, .\1 100 yards

........ , E:-"'asiJ;............................

.....

Amsterdam Brescia

.....

Amsterdam

....

NeNlerlands Italy Swede" Lemberg ......... Poland Netherlands Amsterdam I jVarsaw .......... Poland

HU,RDLES

80 metres ..... 11.0 s. ................ F. E. Blankers·Koen

.. .....

Netherlands. 20. 6.48

Netherlands

RELAYS 4 x 110 yards

......

47.4 s.

...............

Netherlands Nat. Team (Blankers·Koen, Adema. Timmer, Kardys.)

I "

25. 7.48

Pyswik

..........

Event

Timed Height or

-'-__-=Distance

4 x 100 metres

,Genna.tL.National,,!:Peam. (;A,lbus,-K-ratis, Dollillger, DOlmldt)

<{16:4-s:

4 x 200"

3 x 800"

6 m. 49.6 s

J.LS..s.R_'Ioational-'l'eam. CL. SokQlg,y.a,__

---

Country

Date

Plac.e

I "

,'" Gelma!!) .36..- -Belll1l 1

(S.J.f-a!E:hena, A. Tchudil1c £..- I-, Sechenova

.--

Holder

ttS. S-R.

I L_., ···.····.16e:tmau)--

Mos.co.\V

rl\

U,-S,s".,l{-.

f ...-

.....

JUMPING High Jump

"v Long Jump

. .

7. ;n., 6.25 ft.

111.

F. E. Blankers-:Koen

(20 ft. 6 in.)

I .. 19. 9.43 I

N"'lrefl""'l:§"""

Leiden

Netherlands

THROWING

Putting t'he Shot Throwing th.e Discus

Event

Timed Height or Distance

Holder

throwing· the N. V. Smirnitskja 53 lll. 41 s. , Javelin , (175 ft. 2il in.) .... \} ,Pentathlon ..••.... 418 points .......•.• G. Mauennayer

Country U.S.S.R

.. Germany

Place

Date .

5. 8.49 16-17. 7.48

Moscow

I U.S.S.R. Germany

OFFICIAL LIST OF OLYMPIC GAMES RECORDS (Men) (Recognised by the IAA.F. as at the 20th June, 1951) nne Height or Distance

Event

100 metres .....

10.3 s.

200 400

20.7 s. 46.2 s.

E. -ralan

4x400

relay

. U.S.A.

. .

H. Dillard

J. C. O,vens

s s s s

8.2 s.

111.

. . .. ..

v\". A. Carr A. S. \-\'int M. G. Whitfield T. E. Lovelock G. E. G. Reiff E. Zatopek 'vV. F. Porter R. B. Cochran

Long Jump Hop, Step 'and Jump Pole Vault

2.03 111 (6 ft. Sin.) .. 8.06 111 (26 ft. in.) .

. . . . . .

US.A

New Zealand Belgium ...... Czechoslovak

U.S.A

Los Angeles... U.S.A. Berlin Germany London England Berlin Germany I Los Angeles U.S.A. London England

19i6

1948

Ge;:many nd :::::::::::: Ent

. .. Sweden ••...... . U.S.A .. . .. . . U.S.A .. .. .. .

.. T. C. O,vens

Place

1932 1936 1948 1936 1932 1948

.. T. F. Mikaelsso11 .. .T. C. O'vens R. H. Metcalfe F. Draner F. C. Wykoff T. Fuqua E. A. Ablewich K. D. at11er '¥".•A.. Carr . C. C. J ohnso11

111.

.. (52 ft. in.) . 4.35 111 (14 ft. 3, ·in.)

,¥

High Jump

Date

Country

.T. C. O\vens

1 Ill. 49.2 1,500 3 m. 47.8 5,000 14 m. 17.6 29 m. 59.6 10,000 " 110 metres ..... 13.9 s (hurdles) 400 .. 51.1 s (hurdles) 45 1I1. 3 s 10.000 " walk 4 x 100 .. relay 39.8 5 800

Holder

N. Tajima

Japan

E. Meadows

U.S.A

IBerlin

Germany

1932

Los Angeles... U.S.A.

1936

Berlin

Germany

Time Height or Distance

Event Discus Hammer Javelin Shot Decathlon

52.78 111. (173 ft. 2 in.) . 56.49 m (185 ft. 41 in.) 72.71 m (238 £t. in.) 17.12 Ill (56 ft. 2 in.) 7900 points I

Holder

Country

Date

Place

A. Consolini

Italy

K. Rein

Germany

M. H. Jarvinen

Finland

\V. M. Thompson

U.S.A

1948

London

England

1936

Berlin

Germany

G. E. Morris

London

England

1936

Berlin

Germany

1932

Los Angeles... U.S.A.

1948

The undermentioned are recorded as best performances only, as the courses ,used, owing to lay-out and elevation, differ:3,000 metres Steeplechase V. Iso-HoHo 9 m. 3.8 s Marat·hon 12.195 m .. (26 miles 385 yd) 2 h. 29 m. 19.2 s. K. Son 50,000 metres (road walk) 4 h. 30 m. 41.4 s. H. H. \Vhitlock

Finland

Japan

Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland ..

WOMEN 100 metres ..... 11.4 s. 24.4 s. 11.2 s. 80 " (hurdles)

200

H. H. Stephens F. E. Bla nkers -Koen F. E. Blankers-Koen M. A.

J. Gardner

.. U.S.A . . Netherlands, ..

.. Gt. Britain & Northern Ireland ........

" "

Germany

" ..::::::::::: England

115 114

DAY BY DAY PROGRAMME OF THE TRACK & FIELD COMPETITIONS OF OLYMPIC GAMES IN HELSINKI, FINLAND 1952.

1st Day-Sunday, July 20. High jump - Qualifying trials - limit 1.87 10.00 a.m. metres. Heights: 1.60, 1.70, 1.80, 1.84, 1.87 metres. The competitors will be divided in groups 10-15. Discus-Ladies-Qualifying trials-limit 36 metres. 100 m.-Heats. 3.00 p.m. High jump - Final - Heights: 1.70, 1.80, 3.00 1.90, 1.95, 1.98, 2.01, 2.04, 2.07, 2.10 metres. 400 m. Hurdles-Heats. 4.20 800 m.-Heats. 5.05 Discus-Ladies-Final. 5.35 10,000 m.-Final. 6.00 100 m.-2nd Heats. 6.50 400 m. Hurdles-2nd Heats. 7.25

1_ _

""E P1

2nd'Day-Monday, July 21. 10.00 a.m. Pole vault - Qualifying trials - limit 4.00 rr.etres. Heights: 3.60, 3.80, 3.90, 4.00 metres. Groups 10-15. Shot-Qualifying trials-limit 14.60 metres. Groups 10-15. Long jump - Qualifying trials - limit 7.20 metres. Groups 10-15. 50 km. Walk-Start. 1.45 p.m. 400 m. Hurdles-Semi-finals. 3.00 Shot-Final. 3.00 100 m.-Semi-finals. 3.15 100 m.-Ladies-Heats. 3.30 Long jump-Final. 4.10 800 m.-Semi-finals. 4.40 100 m.-Final. 5.20 400 m. Hurdles-Final. 5.40 100 m.-Ladies-2nd heats. 6.00 50 km.-Walk arrival (approximate). 6.15

117 116 3rd Day-Tuesday, July 22. 10.00 a.m. Discus-Qualifyipg trials-limit 46 metres. Groups 10-15. 3.00 p.l11. 200 m.-Heats. 3.00 Pole vault-Final-Heights: 3.60, 3.80, 3.95, 4.1 0 ,4.20, 4.30, 4.40, 4.50, 4.55 metres. Groups 10-15. 3.55 100 m.-Ladies-Semi-finals. 4.00 Discus-Final. 4.10 800 m.-Final. . 5,000 m.-Heats. 4.30 6.00 100 m.-Ladies-Final. 6.15 200 m.-2nd hea'ts. 4th Day-Wednesday, July 23. 10.00 a.m. Hop, step and jump-Qualifying trials-limit 14.55 metres. Groups 10-15. Javelin-Qualifying trials-limit 64 metres. Groups 10-15. Long jump - Ladies - Qualifying trialslimit 5.30 metres. Groups 10-15. 3.00 p.m. 110 m. hurdles-Heats. Hop, step and jump-Final. 3.45 200 m--.5emi-finals. 4.00 80 m. hurdles-Ladies-Heats. 4.00 Javelin-Final. 4.35 Long jump-Ladies-Final. 4.35 3,000 m. Steeplechase-Heats. 5.25 110m. Hurdles-2nd Heats. 5.55 200 m.-Final. 6.10 80 m. Hurdles-Ladies-Semi-finals. 5th Day-Thursday, July 24. 10.00 a.m. Hammer-Qualifying trials-limit 49 metres. Groups 10-15. 10,000 m. walk-Heats. Javelin-Ladies-Qaulification (if necessary). 11.30 110 m. Hurdles-Semi-finals. 3.00 p.m. Hammer-Final. 3.00 400 metres-1st Heats. 3.20 80 metres-Ladies-Final. 4.25

4.40 4.45 5.1 0 6.00 6.15

5,000 m.-Final. Javelin-Ladies-Final. 1,500 m.-Heats. 110 m. hurdles-Final. 400 m.-2nd Heats.

6th Day-Friday, July 25. 10.00 a.m. Decathlon: 100 m. 11.00 Decathlon: Long jump. 3.00 p.m. 400 m.-Semi-finals. 3.00 Decathlon: Shot. 3.20 200 m.-Ladies-Heats. 4.00 Decathlon: High jump. 4.20 3,000 m. Steeplechase-Final. 5.05 400 m.-Final. 5.35 200 m.-Ladies-Semi-finals. 6.1 0 Decathlon: 400 m. 7th Day-Saturday, July 26. 10.00 a.m. Decathlon: 11 0 m. Hurdles. 10.00 Shot-Ladies-Qualifying trials-limit 12.3 metres. Groups 10-15. Decathlon: Discus. 10.50Âˇ 2.00 Decathlon: Pole vault. 3.10 Shot-Ladies--Final. 3.30 4 x 100 m. relay-Heats. 4.30 1,500 m.-Final. 4.30 Decath10p: Javelin. 5.00 4 x 400 m. relay-Heats. 5.40 200 m.-Ladies-Final. 6.30 Decathlon: 1,500 m. 8th Day-Sunday, July 27. 10.00 a.m. High jump - Ladies - Qualifying trials (if necessary). Marathon--.5tart. 3.00 p.m. 4 x 100 m. relay-Ladies-Heats. 3.10 High jump-Ladies-Final. 3.20 4 x 100 m. relay-Semi-finals. 3.30 4 x 400 m. relay-Semi-finals. 3.45 10,000 m. walk-Final. 4.00

11.8 5.00 5.10 5.20

4 x 100 m. relay-Ladies-Final. 4 x 100 m. relay-Final. 4 x 400 m. relay-Final. Marathon arrival (approximate).

NOTE.-In all events in which qualifying trials are arranged at least 12 competitors will take part in the final. see I.A.A.F. rules for Olympic Games rule II .

,."