- Brazil
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Psychology and Trait
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Page 1. ORIGINAL PAPER Differential infant carrying in captive and wild common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) Maria Emilia Yamamoto & Fabíola S. Albuquerque & Nívia A. Lopes & Eric S. Ferreira Received: 14 December ...
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This study explored undergraduate women’s mating-market expectations in Brazil and the United States. Participants (n = 387) were shown descriptions of hypothetical stimulus females that were varied to yield all combinations of 2 levels... more
This study explored undergraduate women’s mating-market expectations in Brazil and the United States. Participants (n = 387) were shown descriptions of hypothetical stimulus females that were varied to yield all combinations of 2 levels (high/low) of 3 attributes (physical attractiveness/social skills/social status). They subsequently rated each stimulus female on 9 traits, and each stimulus female’s likely preferred long-term mating partner on the same set of 9 scales. Ratings of stimulus females paralleled their descriptions of each positive characteristic, substantially raising ratings on its 3 related traits but also showed substantial halo effects of positive descriptions, increasing the ratings of most unrelated traits. However, women with lower social skills are rated as having better financial prospects, and (only in Brazil) lower social-status women are rated as having more attractive bodies. Likewise, participants deemed that the stimulus would match their preferred partners more on related than unrelated traits, but each of the 3 positive traits also significantly raised all 6 of their unrelated traits. The strongest unrelated effect size was between the stimulus female’s physical attractiveness and her prospective partner’s financial status; this effect was significantly stronger in the American sample. This study shows that women expect positive assortative mating in long-term relationships and that desirable traits are not expected to vary independently. Finally, of the 54 characteristic/trait pairings examined, a large number showed significant sample (United States/Brazil) differences and even more showed significant pairing × sample interactions, suggesting nontrivial cultural and/or facultative influences.
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Zoology, Psychology, Animal Ecology, Primates, Old World, and 3 moreNewborn Infant, Marmoset, and Callithrix
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Zoology, Biology, Ecology, Fish Biology, Aggression, and 3 moreFisheries Sciences, Fishery, and Amazonian
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Agonistic encounters and territoriality between males of hybrid red tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758 x Oreochromis mossambicus Peters, 1852 and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus Cichlidae Encontros agonisticos e territorialidade entre machos de hibrido vermelho de tilapia, Oreochro...more
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Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychometrics, Obesity, Brazil, and 15 moreAdolescent, Medicine, Emotions, Humans, Female, Confirmatory factor analysis, Male, Body Mass Index, Feeding Behavior, Eating, Clinical Sciences, Convergent Validity, Reproducibility of Results, Body Weight, and Discriminant Validity
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe
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My interest in cooperation was present before I started investigating it in humans. The research on a cooperative breeder species, the common marmoset, made it clear to me that cooperation was not a straightforward phenomenon. Cooperators... more
My interest in cooperation was present before I started investigating it in humans. The research on a cooperative breeder species, the common marmoset, made it clear to me that cooperation was not a straightforward phenomenon. Cooperators also competed with each other, and strived to gain advantage even in a group that depends on cooperation for its own survival. How should that happen in humans? Evolutionary theory offered, from my point of view, the best perspective to understand these apparently opposing behaviors. For many years, I looked at cooperation in children, using game theory as an instrument to gain some insights. An invitation to participate in a symposium on religious behavior inspired me to look at a behavior that often comes together with both cooperation and competition—group coalition. So, I used religion, or its absence, as the factor promoting cooperation. After almost 30 years studying cooperation, more than ten of them in humans, I believe I have unveiled some of the motives that lead both humans as well as marmosets to collaborate and to compete. I have also contributed to bring a biological perspective into Brazilian Psychology, which I consider as my greatest achievement.
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ABSTRACT Several environmental parameters related to the spawning season of the freshwater fish, Psectrogaster rhomboides were identified. The hypothesis predicts synchrony of the spawning season with the rainy period, presenting a... more
ABSTRACT Several environmental parameters related to the spawning season of the freshwater fish, Psectrogaster rhomboides were identified. The hypothesis predicts synchrony of the spawning season with the rainy period, presenting a seasonal reproductive strategy. This study investigated the total body length and body mass, sex ratio, body size at first sexual maturity, gonadosomatic index, condition factor, fecundity and reproductive period of P. rhomboides in the natural environment. Twelve monthly samplings (mean n = 20) were carried out from March 2009 to February 2010. Fish were captured using 4 cm diameter cast nets and environmental parameters such as rainfall, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and electrical conductivity of the water were registered. The sampled population of P. rhomboides (n = 444) showed a sex ratio of 1 : 1. Females attained first sexual maturity at 15 cm total length and males at 15.3 cm total length. Spawning occurred from March to May, with high gonadosomatic index values during the rainy season. This species is a total spawner, with a mean fecundity of 6188 (±367) mature oocytes. P. rhomboides presents a seasonal reproductive strategy, providing a population increase and exploitation of the environmental resources during the rainy period. Rainfall (196.5 ± 4.9 mm) and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (7.82 ± 0.7018 mg L−1) were influential factors during the spawning season. Gonadosomatic index and the condition factor were negatively correlated during the gonadal development cycle of this species. The monthly gonadosomatic index values show that spawning begins when the rainy season is at its maximum and ends synchronously (females r = 0.9171; males r = 0.889) with the end of the rainy season.
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This study aims to investigate assortative mating based on mate value from male perspective. Male participants (132 Brazilian and 106 American) evaluated hypothetical “stimulus” males described in terms of physical attractiveness, social... more
This study aims to investigate assortative mating based on mate value from male perspective. Male participants (132 Brazilian and 106 American) evaluated hypothetical “stimulus” males described in terms of physical attractiveness, social skills, and social status (each varied in high or low levels). Participants rated each stimulus and each stimulus' preferred mating partner on nine traits. The results showed that (1) positive assortative mating was expected in romantic relationships; (2) the stimulus ratings did not vary independently, suggesting that mate value is the result of the interaction of the characteristics of individuals; and (3) that participants expected physically attractive and healthier female partners to pair with high-status male stimuli. The American and Brazilian mating expectations were similar, minor differences indicate that Brazilian participants considered men with high levels of social skills to be more ambitious and intelligent; American participants ...
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Este estudo investigou os efeitos da experiencia dos machos na escolha do parceiro e no sucesso reprodutivo em acara bandeira. Seis pares de machos experientes e inexperientes foram utilizados juntamente com seis femeas. Os machos foram... more
Este estudo investigou os efeitos da experiencia dos machos na escolha do parceiro e no sucesso reprodutivo em acara bandeira. Seis pares de machos experientes e inexperientes foram utilizados juntamente com seis femeas. Os machos foram colocados aos pares em seis aquarios e durante o estabelecimento de territorio foi registrado o comportamento agressivo por meio do numero de ataques e mordidas por eles emitidos. Para investigar a escolha do parceiro foi introduzida uma femea. Foram observados os comportamentos em relacao a corte, escokha do parceiro, acasalamento e cuidado parental. A escolha do parceiro foi verificada pelo tempo gasto pela femea perto a um dos machos. Apos o acasalamento, foi acompanhado a reproducao dos casais para verificar a relacao entre agressividade de machos e cuidado parental durante as fases de ovo e de larvas. Foram realizados seis testes utilizando machos inexperientes para verificar a escolha do parceiro pela femea e a sobevivencia de ovos e de larvas....
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Experiments using priming contribute to the investigation into subtle environmental cues that influence our behavior in an automatic manner. Prosocial behaviors are essential to life in groups and are present during the first months of... more
Experiments using priming contribute to the investigation into subtle environmental cues that influence our behavior in an automatic manner. Prosocial behaviors are essential to life in groups and are present during the first months of life. As such, part of the studies that use priming are concerned with understanding environmental cues that can influence prosocial behavior during infancy. The current study aims to evaluating the effect of different primers on the prosocial behavior of children. We used a systematic review method in May and June 2019, which accessed the following databases: APA PsycNET, PubMed, Google Scholar, Index Psi, SciELO, PePsic, Embase, and Theses and Dissertations Catalog—CAPES. The eligibility criteria were empirical studies on prosocial behavior in children up to 12 years old, published at any date, written in English or Portuguese, and that used the concept of priming as environmental cues. A total of 14 studies were found. The results indicate that those primers that trigger concepts such as ostracism, self-control, morality, empathy, sharing, and helping increase prosocial behavior. On the other hand, primers that trigger the concepts of violence, wealth, and the focus on self decreased prosociality. However, the low cultural diversity among the 14 studies analyzed stands out as a limitation. We conclude that priming experiments contribute to the understanding of prosocial behavior, thus proving to be a good way of investigating environment stimuli associated with these behaviors during infancy.
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Psychology and Trait
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In cooperative situations, individual interests can be in conflict with those of the group, creating a social dilemma in which one must choose whether to cooperate or not. Sensitivity to social stimuli is an important factor influencing... more
In cooperative situations, individual interests can be in conflict with those of the group, creating a social dilemma in which one must choose whether to cooperate or not. Sensitivity to social stimuli is an important factor influencing cooperative behavior in such dilemmas. The current study investigated the influence of verbal feedback and vigilance by adults on children's donating behavior in a public goods game. The participants were 739 public school children, between 5 and 12 years of age, who were divided into 34 groups. Each group was assigned to one of four experimental conditions: control, positive feedback (praise), negative feedback (criticism), or vigilance. Participants then played eight rounds of the game. The children's donations were greater in the feedback and vigilance conditions, but the effects were mediated by age and rounds. The results are most likely related to concerns about reputation, which tend to become stronger with age. Older children are bett...
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While common marmosets are increasingly used as alternative primate models in biomedical research, their life history, specialized behavior and unique physiology are not well known. This paper describes important marmoset attributes that... more
While common marmosets are increasingly used as alternative primate models in biomedical research, their life history, specialized behavior and unique physiology are not well known. This paper describes important marmoset attributes that are particularly relevant for biomedical research, including reproduction, neurobiology, immunology, endocrine signaling, obesity and aging, in addition to fetal and postnatal development. While common marmosets exhibit characteristic anthropoid primate traits, they clearly differ from Old World primates and humans in a variety of functions, including reproduction, endocrine signaling and immunology. These differences, however, permit the use of common marmosets in unconventional research strategies targeted on human pathology.