Sander Kales

On the basis of some recent studies conducted from various authors on HRV and its enhancement under Alfa stimulation by using brain entrainment, we suggest that we should think to mind as in integrated process arising from the contribution of various integrated systems. HRV states for Heart Rate Variability. It is well known that it has reached recently the greatest consideration [1] since it represents the most complex bio-signal and, on the other hand, the most important marker under the physiological, psycho-physiological and also neurological profile. In 1977 Wolf et al. were the first ones evidencing association between increases in the risk for post-infarct mortality with decreased Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The cardiac beat rate is the expression of the adaptability of the Cardiovascular System to contingent daily situations that vary from sleep to strenuous physical activity and mental operations as cognitive or emotional engagement. The study of the HRV allows analysis o...

On the basis of some recent studies conducted from various authors on HRV and its enhancement under Alfa stimulation by using brain entrainment, we suggest that we should think to mind as in integrated process arising from the contribution of various integrated systems. HRV states for Heart Rate Variability. It is well known that it has reached recently the greatest consideration [1] since it represents the most complex bio-signal and, on the other hand, the most important marker under the physiological, psycho-physiological and also neurological profile. In 1977 Wolf et al. were the first ones evidencing association between increases in the risk for post-infarct mortality with decreased Heart Rate Variability (HRV). The cardiac beat rate is the expression of the adaptability of the Cardiovascular System to contingent daily situations that vary from sleep to strenuous physical activity and mental operations as cognitive or emotional engagement. The study of the HRV allows analysis o...

Osteopathy contains a philosophy, a science and an art.
The philosophy is based on three principles: the body
(human being) is a whole, structure and function are
closely interrelated and the body has the capacity to
heal itself. It is a method of that investigates the
domain of functional medicine and is based on five
models: biomechanical, respiratory/ circulatory,
metabolic/ bio-energetic, neurological and bio-psychosocial.
There is scientific evidence, but it is still premature.
It is an art: the development of palpational skills
continues daily and the palpation registers vitality
(exteroceptive) and is also interoceptive.

The inspiration of this thesis comes from two severe cases that took place in the
Netherlands during the past seven years. In 2005, a baby died in the hospital after
treatment by a Cranio Sacral therapist. In 2009, a baby of three months, died after a
manipulative treatment by a Manual Therapist (Micha Holla 2009). The technique
which has been used in both cases, is the "folding technique” taught in the training of
Upledger in the Netherlands, in which the baby is forced in a fetal position with a full
flexion of the neck.
In subsequent media hype osteopathy was included in the list of practitioners who work
on the necks of children. This resulted in a negative association with osteopathy and
subsequent fewer referrals by physicians to osteopaths. Physicians, especially
pediatricians, rated osteopathy as a harmful form of treatment. The incentive of this
thesis is that osteopathy, even though both treatments were no osteopathic treatments,
was accused and found guilty, while the "folding technique" (Micha Holla 2009) is in
fact not even taught to osteopaths. Osteopathy is not a technique but encompasses
both a philosophy ,which is different from regular medicine, and a skill which is holistic
mostly in its diagnosis.
The current study into adverse events in pediatric osteopathy is done through an
inventory of pediatric background of osteopaths and pediatric osteopaths in the
Netherlands. A comparison is made between the training of pediatric and regular
osteopaths with pediatricians and pediatric physiotherapists. Thereafter an analysis
was made to see if there was a difference in amount of adverse events between
regular osteopaths and pediatric trained osteopaths. This was not the case (Micha
Holla 2009). The effect of pediatric osteopathic treatment in children is assessed by a
literature study. There are, for example, studies that have investigated the effect of
osteopathic manual treatment for certain symptoms in children. These studies are
inventoried. It is about finding the best evidence for clinical questions (Hawk, Schneider
et al. 2009).
In this study the safety of osteopathic treatment in the Netherlands in patients aged
zero to fourteen is investigated by a questionnaire about side effects and adverse
events. This was performed in twenty seven practices of osteopaths across the
country. 785 treatments were analyzed. The results show that there were no serious or
mild but just minor adverse events in only twenty percent, which lasted on average not
more than three days. Recommendations are made to further improve osteopathy in
pediatric patients and to make sure that osteopathic treatments remain safe.