The Numismatic Chronicle 174 Offprint COIN HOARDS 2014 MEDIEVAL and MODERN HOARDS A MIXED HOARD OF ELEVENTH CENTURY COINS FOUND IN AZERBAIJAN 12. Azerbaijan 2013 by ARAM VARDANYAN and GENNADIY ZLOBIN LONDON T H E R O YA L N U M I S M AT I C S O C I E T Y 2014 352 COIN HOARDS AZERBAIJAN A MIXED HOARD OF ELEVENTH CENTURY COINS FOUND IN AZERBAIJAN (A contribution to the study of Shadd did and Shirw nsh h coins) ARAM VARDANYAN and GENNADIY ZLOBIN [PLATES 73–75] 12. Azerbaijan 2013 Dep. Late AH 420s / AD 1030s 200 Å Disp. In trade. A hoard of billon dirhams struck by the rulers of the Shadd did and Shirw nsh h dynasties and by Kwirike III king of Kakheti-Hereti in eastern Georgia was found in the Republic of Azerbaijan in the spring of 2013.The find spot is unknown, as is the total number of coins in the hoard, though there were said to be about 200 pieces altogether. We were able to obtain photos of 93 coins that recently appeared at one of the markets in Baku. These were as follows: Shaddādids – 52 coins Faḍl I ibn Muḥammad (AH 375–422 / AD 985–1031) Mūs ibn Faḍl I (AH 422–5 / AD 1031–4) ‘Alī al-Lashkarī II (AH 425–40 / AD 1034–9) no. of coins 44 1 7 Shirwānshāhs – 36 coins Yazīd ibn Aḥmad (AH 381–418 / AD 991–1028) Abū al-Hayj Manūchihr ibn Yazīd (AH 418–25 / AD 1028–34) ‘Alī ibn Yazīd (AH 425–35 / AD 1034–43) 1 3 32 Kakheti Hereti Kings – 1 coin Kwirike III (AD 1014–37/9) 1 Uncertain – 4 coins The oldest coins in the available part of hoard cannot be determined since the date on most of them is either missing or illegible. The oldest are probably those of the Shadd did ruler, Faḍl I and the Shirw nsh h, Yazīd ibn Aḥmad struck after AH 381 since there were no coins citing the Abb sid caliph al-Ṭ ’iʽ (AH 363–81). Since we do not have the whole hoard we cannot be certain about the date of deposition but would tentatively suggest that it was buried after AH 425, most probably in the late AH 420s / AD 1030s. The absence of coins struck by the Shirw nsh h, Sall r ibn Yazīd (445/1053) indicates that it was buried before 445. Numismatic literature on the coinage of the Shirw nsh hs is quite scanty. There has been some discussion of the coinage of Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (370–81), MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HOARDS 353 Sall r ibn Yazīd (445–55) and Farīburz ibn Sall r (455–c.487)1 and the later dynasts from the Kesranid family2 but little has been published about the coinage of other Shirw nsh h rulers. This probably reflects the debased and badly struck nature of the coinage of this local, Caucasian, dynasty. Until now no hoard containing a large group of Shirw nsh h coins has been recorded. The picture is better for Shadd did numismatics thanks to discoveries of hoards containing Shadd did coins found in the Qarabagh region and near the ruins of old Barda‘a in the late 1980s and the 1990s.3 These publications, however, did not lead to an increase in interest in the coins of that dynasty. If anything they reduced it especially with regard to the coins of Faḍl I which are now known in large numbers. A list of works on Shadd did numismatics can be found in the publication by Lebedev, Markov and Koifman4 (abbreviated LMK) or in the appropriate section of the Zeno web site.5 The recent publication by Alexander Akopyan enriched our knowledge of the Shadd did coinage at Dvin and Ani.6 Only two types of the coins of the Shadd did ‘Alī al-Lashkarī II are listed in the LMK publication. This hoard publication adds two more types of this ruler to the list of known examples as well containing additional unpublished varieties of other Shadd did and Shirw nsh h coins. Unfortunately, we do not have any metrological data for some of the coins discussed here. Since the Qur’ nic verses XXX, 3–4 (obverse) and IX, 33 (reverse) are rarely completely visible on these coins, we have omitted them from the descriptions of some coins. All the coins illustrated in the catalogue are given with their size. 1 Ye Pakhomov, ‘Arabskie i prikaspiysko-iranskie feodaly v Azerbaydzhane X–XI vv.’, in I. Meschaninov (ed.), Sbornik pamyati akad. N. Ya. Marra (Moscow-Leningrad, 1980), pp. 416–28; V. Lebedev and A. Koifman, ‘K numizmatike Azerbaijana. Dirkhemy shirvanshakha Salara b. Yazida (441–445/1049–1063)’, in: Drevnosti Nizhegorodskogo Povolzhya II, (Nizhniy Novgorod, 1997), pp. 108–16; V. Lebedev and P. Petrov ‘Monety shirvanshakha Mukhammada b. Akhmada (370–381/981– 991)’, Numizmatika (2004), pp. 31–3. 2 J. de Bartholomaei, ‘Seconde lettre de M. le Général J. de Bartholomaei à M.F. Soret sur des monnaies koufiques inédites’, RNB3 5 (1861), pp. 21–72 at pp. 50–1; J. de Bartholomaei,‘Troisième lettre de M. le Général J. de Bartholomaei à M.F. Soret sur des monnaies koufiques inédites, trouvées en Géorgie’, RNB3 6 (1862), pp. 23–105 at pp. 98–9; D. Kouymjian, ‘The unique coin of the Shirvanshah Manūchihr II dated A.H. 555 / 1160 A.D.’, in D. Kouymjian (ed.), Near Eastern Numismatics, Iconography, Epigraphy and History, Studies in Honor of George C. Miles (Beirut, 1974), pp. 339–46. 3 Kh. Musheghian, ‘Monetary circulation in eleventh century Armenia: Shaddadid coinage from Dvin’, in Armenian Studies in Memoriam of Haig Berberian (Lisbon, 1986), pp. 601–8; Kh. Musheghian, ‘K registracii monetnykh nakhodok v Armenii’, in Proceedings of the Second Numismatic Conference in Moscow, 1987, p. 49; A. Koifman, V. Lebedev, ‘Karabakhskiy klad s shaddadidskimi monetami serediny XI v.’, in: Proceedings of the conference Bartoldovskie chteniya, (Moscow, 1990), p. 83; V. Lebedev and D. Markov, ‘O bardinskom klade s shaddadidskimi monetami rubezha X–XI vv.’, in Proceedings of the conference Bartoldovskie chteniya, (Moscow, 1990), pp. 85–7; V. Lebedev and A. Koifman, ‘Novy klad shaddadidskikh dirkhemov nachala XI v.’, in P. Petrov (ed). ] Drevnosti Nizhegorodskogo Povolzhya (Nizhniy Novgorod, 1997), pp. 97–107. 4 V. Lebedev, D. Markov and A. Koifman Monetnoe delo i monetnoe obraschenie gandzhiyskogo emirata Shaddadidov (ser. X – XI vv.) (Moscow, 2006). 5 www.zeno.ru 6 A. Akopyan, ‘A unique coin of the Shaddadid ruler, Ashot ibn Shawur’, JONS 195 (2008), pp. 5–6; A. Akopyan, ‘Dvin from the beginning of 11th to the beginning of 12th centuries and new materials on its monetary circulation’, in: Proceedings of the 16th All-Russian Numismatic Conference, Saint Petersburg, 2011, pp. 60–2; A. Akopyan, ‘On the Shadd did numismatics: coinage of Iskandar b. Sh wur, lord of Dvin’, in Proceedings of the conference Archaeology, ethnology, folklore of Caucasus, 27-30 Sept. (Tbilisi-Gori-Batumi, 2011), pp. 49–50. 354 COIN HOARDS CATALOGUE The following abbreviations are used: CL = Central legend; ML = Marginal legend; OML = Outer marginal legend. All the coins are billon dirhams. SHADD DIDS Faḍl I ibn Muḥammad (375–422) 1. Barda‘a, AH 394. LMK no. 7–12. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: (sic!) ÖUÇT Ü Ûê²sP Ü ³LmC öÚr (sic!) °inML ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: jÖcÕ ÛL È¥º \ DYêæÆC íLC mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 2. Janza, AH 397. 3.34 g, 20 mm. LMK no. 21. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖUÇT Ü Ûê²sP Ü ³Mr öÚr õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìi \ Cjv jÖcÕ ÛL \ È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 3. Janza, AH 397. LMK no. 26. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖUÇT Ü Ûê²sP Ü ³Mr öÚr õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìi \ Cjv jÖcÕ ÛL \ È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ Ó ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 4. Janza, AH 398. 3.21 g, 19 mm. LMK no. 35. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖUÇT Ü Ûê²sP Ü ØDÖT öÚr õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìi \ Cjv jÖcÕ ÛL \ È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ Ó ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 5. Mint and date off flan, but probably after AH 403. 20 mm. LMK –. Nine other specimens of this type but with mint and date illegible or off flan. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿Æ \ C çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: ….. Clå Kn¤ … OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ Ó ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 6. Mint and date off flan. 20 mm. LMK –. Obv. CL: ÓC nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë Rev. CL: ….. \ [mÝ¡Ú]ÖÆC jêsÆC \ nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 355 MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HOARDS 7. Janza, AH 400 (this coin 2.72 g, 18 mm). LMK no. 54. Two specimens. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖ²LmC öÚr õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 8. Janza, Muḥarram AH 400 (this coin 3.84 g, 19 mm). LMK no. 44. Two specimens. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML (sic!) DÖ²LmC öÚr ÔncÖÆC íº õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ ÛL \ È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 9. Janza, AH 401. 21 mm. LMK no. 56. Six specimens. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿Æ \ C çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü èjbC öÚr íº õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 10. Janza, AH 40(4). 3.90 g, 20 mm. LMK –. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿Æ \ C çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. Uncertain word (?p±) written above çÆC. ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü (?) ³LmC öÚr õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ ?p± Ó ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 11. Janza, AH 407 (this coin 22.5 mm). LMK – . Seven specimens but with dates illegible or off flan. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿Æ \ C çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü ³Mr õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. (?) j²r 12. Janza, AH 4xx. 2.68 g, 17 mm. LMK –. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿Æ \ C çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü … õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3-4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 13. Janza?, AH 4xx, LMK –. Three specimens. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: illegible. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. (?) iD²r 356 COIN HOARDS 14. Janza?, AH 4xx (this coin 22.5 mm). LMK –. Six specimens. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿Æ \ C çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: ….. ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ nêf ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 15. Mint and date illegible. 2.90 g, 19 mm. LMK –. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC çÆ \ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë Rev. CL: ….. jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ Ó ML: off flan? 16. NM, ND. 20 mm. LMK –. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿Æ \ C çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë Rev. CL: ìiC \ jv jÖcÕ \ ÛL È¥º mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33? Mūs ibn Faḍl I (422–5) 17. Mint and date off flan. 20 mm. LMK –. Obv. CL: ÓC nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: off flan. Rev. CL: (sic!) È¥ºC ÛL ër \ ÝÕ mÝ¡ÚÖÆC \ … jêsÆC \ nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: off flan. Abū al-Fatḥ Mūs was the son and first heir to Faḍl I. He spent the first years of his rule fighting his brother ‘Askūya who he finally killed.7 As far as we are aware this is the first time that coins of this Shadd did ruler have been published. ‘Alī ibn Mūs al-Lashkarī II (425–40) 18. Janza, AH 428 (this coin 3.48 g, 19 mm). Type as LMK no. 2, p. 39. Two specimens. Obv. CL: ÓC nÕDL ×ï \ D¿ÆC çÆ Äénv \ Ë äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü Ûénw± Ü ØDÖT õpÚYL ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìnÃwÇÆC \ ërÝÕ ÛL íDZ ÈXËC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. A coin struck with the same dies can be found on the Zeno data-base (no. 84150). The date on that coin was read as AH 43x but we do not agree with that reading. 19. Janza, AH 4(2/3)x. 18 mm. Type as LMK no. 2, p. 39 but with a pelleted border on the reverse. Two specimens. Obv. CL: ÓC nÕDL ×ï \ D¿ÆC çÆ Äénv \ Ë äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: Bismallah legend illegible. OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìnÃwÇÆC \ ërÝÕ ÛL íDZ ÈXËC \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 7 V. Minorsky, Studies in Caucasian History (London, 1953), pp. 17, 45. 357 MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HOARDS 20. Mint and date illegible. 4.15 g, 19 mm. LMK no. 3, p. 39. Obv. CL: ÓC nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: Mint / date legend illegible. OML: Qur’ n XXX, 3–4. Rev. CL: ìnÃwÇÆC \ ërÝÕ ÛL íDZ \ ÈXËC jêsÆC \ nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 21. Mint and date off flan. 2.32 g, 18 mm. LMK –. Obv. CL: ÓC nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë äjbÜ \ ÓC ËC çÆC Ë ML: partially off flan and illegible. Rev. CL: ìnÃwÇÆC \ ërÝÕ ÛL íDZ \ jêsÆC nêÕËC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. … SHIRW NSH HS Yazīd ibn Aḥmad (381–418) 22. Mint and date off flan. 3.36 g, 21 mm. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: off flan. Rev. CL: õDwÙCÜnv \ jÖbC ÛL jépé … \ mÝ¡ÚÖÆC n»®[ÖÆC \ ÝL]C ÀºÝÖÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: off flan. Yazīd succeeded his brother Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (370–81) as ruler of Shirw n in 381. The rule of Yazīd was marked by a struggle with Manṣūr ibn Maymūn (393–415) the H shimid lord of al-B b or Darband. The Shirw nsh hs failed in their attempts to seize Darband but kept Shaber n.8 This type is close to one described by Pakhomov9 but nevertheless represents a new variety of Yazīd ibn Aḥmad’s coins struck on behalf of the Caliph al-Q dir (381–422). Abū al-Hayj Manūchihr ibn Yazīd (418–25) 23. Mint and date off flan. 4.78 g, 21 mm. Obv. CL: (?) ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: off flan. Rev. CL: ëÆÝÕ õDwÙC \ Ünv næXÝÚÕ DYêæÆC \ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC Ü ÛéjÆC ÔCÝ[¾] \ ÄÇÖÆC jêsÆC ÈXËC Ä[...] \ ... ÛêÚÕãÖÆC \ nêÕC ML: off flan? This coin provides us with both the kunya and the honorific laqabs of this Shirw nsh h ruler who is otherwise unknown from literary sources. One other coin with the same kunya ascribed to Manūchihr ibn Yazīd is in the Zeno data-base, no. 52679 (2.56 g). This is important proof that the kunya Abū al-Hayjā was not only characteristic for the Shadd did royal titulature but also commonly used by their Shirw nsh h neighbours. The use of the kunya Abū al-Hayjā by the Shirw nsh hs on their coins may have occurred in earlier times. Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (370–81) may have struck coins with that kunya at Barda‘a in 373.10 24. Mint off flan, AH 420. 4.59 g, 21 mm. Obv. CL: ÓDL miD¿ÆC \ … \ çÆ Äénv Ë äjbÜ \ ÓC ËC çÆC Ë ML: (sic!) ²LmC Ü Ûénw± öÚr ….. ÓC ×sL 8 V. Minorsky, A History of Sharvan and Darband (Cambridge, 1958), p. 52. Pakhomov, ‘Arabskie’, p. 24. 10 A. Akopyan and A. Vardanyan, ‘A donative dirham of the Shirw nsh h Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (AH 370–81) struck at Barda‘a in AH 373 (982/3)’, NC 169 (2009), pp. 261–7. 9 358 COIN HOARDS Rev. CL: … ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ML: off flan? 25. Mint and date off flan, AH 42x. 3.76 g, 20 mm. Obv. CL: ÓDL m \ iD¿ÆC çÆ Äénv \ Ë äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë Marginal inscription illegible and partially off flan. Rev. CL: ÛéjÆC ÔC[ݾ] \ … \ … ÈXËC ‘Alī ibn Yazīd (425–35) 26. NM, AH 425. Eight specimens. Obv. CL: ÓC nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. Unclear inscription written vertically from the left side. ML: [öïDÖ²LmC Ü Ûénw± Ü] tÖf öÚr ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: õDwÙ \ CÜnv jépé ÛL íDZ \ mÝ¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ÛêÚÕãÖÆC \ nêÕC ëÆÝÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. The coins of this type vary in small details. Some pieces may have the letter rā of the word Manṣūr engraved on the next line. One specimen has the word nêf written between the second and third lines of the obverse (4.35 g, 22 mm). Other specimens are distinguishable by Åj± (Pl. 74, 26a: 2.95 g,) or other, unclear, words placed vertically in the left side of the obverse field (Pl. 74, 26b: 4.60 g). All coins of this type have an ornamental border. 27. Shaber n, AH 425. Obv. CL: (sic!) Ó \ nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: [öïDÖ²LmC Ü Ûénw± Ü] tÖf (?) öÚr ×åmjÆC Kn¤ ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: \ CÜnv (!)pé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ÛêÚÕãÖÆC \ nêÕC ëÆÝÕ õDwÙ The word ØCnMv is written vertically in the field on the right side. ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 28. NM, AH 425. Two specimens. Obv. CL: (sic!) Ó \ nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. The word Åj± is written vertically in the field on the right side. Same obverse die as the following coins. ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü Ûénw± Ü tÖf ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: õDwÙCÜnv (!) pé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ÛêÚÕ \ ãÖÆC nêÕC ëÆÝÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 29. NM, AH 425. Three specimens. Obv. CL: (sic!) Ó \ nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. The word Åj± is written vertically in the field on the right side. Same obverse die as the previous coins. ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü Ûénw± Ü tÖf ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: ëÆÝÕ õDwÙ \ CÜnv (!)pé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ÛêÚÕãÖÆC nêÕC \ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HOARDS 30. NM, AH 425 (this coin 3.91 g, 19 mm). Two specimens. Obv. CL: (sic!) Ó nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. The word Åj± is written vertically in the field on the left. ML: öïDÖ²LmC Ü Ûénw± Ü tÖf ×åmjÆC Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: \ (!) DwÙCÜnv (!) pé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ÛêÚÕ \ ãÖÆC nêÕC ëÆÝÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 31. Mint and date illegible. Obv. CL: (sic!) ÓDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. The word Åj± is written vertically on the right. ML: mint / date unclear. Rev. CL: (!) DwÙCÜnv (!) pé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ÛêÚÕ \ ãÖÆC nêÕC ëÆÝÕ \ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 32. Shaber n, date off flan. Obv. CL: [ÓC] \ nÕDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. The word ØCnMv is written vertically on the right. Rev CL: õDwÙ] \ CÜnv (!) pé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ [ÛêÚÕãÖÆC nêÕC \ ëÆÝÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 33.. Mint and date unclear. Obv. CL: (sic!) ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. Unclear words in outer segments. Rev. CL: õDwÙCÜ \ nv jépé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ ÛêÚÕãÖÆC \ nêÕC ëÆÝÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 34. Mint and date unclear, AH 42x (this coin 19 mm). Four specimens struck with the same pair of dies. Obv. CL: (sic!) ÓDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë Rev. CL: õDwÙCÜ \ nv jépé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC ÓC Å \ Ürm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 35. Mint and date off flan, AH 4xx (this coin 1.89 g, 16 mm). Two specimens struck with the same pair of dies. Obv. CL: (sic!) ÓDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: ….. Clå Kn¤ ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: õDwÙCÜnv \ jépé ÛL íDZ m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC ÓC Å \ Ürm jÖcÕ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 36. Mint and date off flan, AH 42x (this coin 18.5 mm). Two specimens struck with the same pair of dies. Obv. CL: (sic!) ÓDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë ML: öïDÖ²LmC ….. ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: õDwÙCÜnv \ jépé ÛL íDZ \ mÝ¡ÚÕ ÝLC \ Åj± ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 359 360 COIN HOARDS 37. Mint and date illegible, AH 42x (this coin 18.5 mm). Two specimens struck with the same pair of dies. Obv. CL: ÓC. Border of large pellets. ML: (sic!) ×ïD¿ÆC Äénv Ë äjbÜ ÓC ËC çÆC Ë OML: ….. Kn¤ ÓC ×sL Rev. CL: õDv Åj±. Border of large pellets. ML: (sic!) Ünv jépé ÛL íDZ mÝ¡ÚÕ ÝLC ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ OML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 38. Mint and date off flan, AH 42x. 3.94 g, 20 mm. Obv. CL: ? ÓC … .. Border of large pellets. ML: (sic!) ×ïD¿ÆC Äénv Ë äjbÜ ÓC ËC çÆC Ë Rev. CL: ? ÄÇÖÆC. Border of large pellets. ML: (sic!) Ünv jépé ÛL íDZ mÝ¡ÚÕ ÝLC ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ OML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 39. Mint and date off flan, AH 42x (this coin 2.12 g, 17 mm). Four specimens all struck with the same obverse die. Obv. CL: (sic!) Äénv Ë ä \ jbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. In four outer segments one can read: (?) öÚr ×å - mjÆC - Kn¤. Rev CL: \ nv jépé ÛL íDZ m\ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i\ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ\ Åj± [ÛêÚÕãÖÆC\nêÕC ëÆÝÕ] õDwÙCÜ ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. 40. Mint and date off flan, AH 42x. 3.06 g, 16 mm. Obv. CL: …DL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë. ML: off flan. Rev. CL: (!) pé ÛL íDZ [m \ Ý¡ÚÕ ÝLC öÆÜjÆC i \ DÖ± ÅiD²ÆC ÄÇÖÆC \ ÓC ÅÜrm jÖcÕ] ÛêÚÕ \ ãÖÆC nêÕC ëÆÝÕ \ õDwÙCÜnv ML: Qur’ n IX, 33. KINGS OF KAKHETI AND HERETI Kwirike III (AD 1014–37/9) 41. Mint and date illegible? 21 mm. Obv. CL: (sic!) ÓDL ×ïD¿ÆC \ çÆ Äénv Ë \ äjbÜ ÓC \ ËC çÆC Ë \ Åj± ML: illegible? Rev. CL: (sic!) öÆÜCi ÛL í¾ \ n¾ È¥»ÆC ÝLC \ ÄÇÖÆC ÓC \ ÅÜrm jÖcÕ \ Ó ML: illegible? There is not so much information on Kwirike III in the sources. It is said that he had been a great ruler who expanded his power over Kakheti-Hereti and Arr n (Aluank‛).11 It seems as if he did not leave a descendant of his own and after his death in 1037 or 1039 his lands were ruled by his nephew Gagik (d. 1058) who was the son of David the Landless (998–1048), the Kiurikid king of Lori in Armenia. The ālif that comes after dāl in the word dāula in the last line of the reverse proves that the die engraver did initially wish to inscribe the word D ’ūd, as it had to be in accordance with Kwirike III’s patronym, but then for unknown reasons 11 ‘Vardan Arevelci’, in N. Emin (ed.), Vseobschaya istoriya Vardana Velikogo (Moscow, 1861), p. 126; Anonym of XI century, in L. Melikset-Bek (ed.), Georgian Sources on Armenia and Armenians (V–XII centuries), vol. I, (Yerevan, 1934), p. 205; Minorsky, Studies, p. 43. MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HOARDS 361 changed his mind and recut the rest of the word into dāula. Alexander Akopyan and Irakli Paghava are currently working on an article dealing with a discussion of these rare donative billon coins. A preliminary note on the topic was published in 2013.12 CONCLUSION This hoard presents a wide range of new varities for both the Shadd dids and the Shirw nsh hs. An unpublished coin of Mūs ibn Faḍl I is also present. Our knowledge of the typological variety of ‘Alī al-Lashkarī II’s coinage is enhanced by at least one completely new type. Thanks to this hoard the number of known types of Shirw nsh h coins, especially those of ‘Alī ibn Yazīd, has been significantly increased. The coin of Yazīd ibn Aḥmad sheds new light on the combinations of laqabs known from this Shirw nsh h ruler’s coins: for example al-malik al-muwaffaq Abū al-Muẓaffar al-Manṣūr Shirwānshāh. In the same way the rare coin of the Shirw nsh h Manūchihr ibn Yazīd bears his pompous kunya Abū al-Hayjā and honorific laqab Qawām al-dīn wa al-daula both previously unknown to numismatists. The extremely rare coin of the Kakheti-Hereti king Kwirike III adds much to our knowledge on the early eleventh century coinage of the Christian kingdoms located in parts of what was Kakheti and Hereti and is now Eastern Georgia and Azerbaijan. As well as with the silver donatives which were issued on behalf of that ruler with the Christian image of St George on one side and Islamic inscriptions and the name of the contemporary caliph on the other side, we have now at least three types of coins for Kwirike III. 12 A. Akopyan and A. Vardanyan, ‘Monety Kwirike III, tsarya Kakheti i Ereti’, Proceedings of the 17th All-Russian Numismatic Conference, 22–26 April 2013, (Moscow, 2013), pp. 43–4. PLATE 73 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 VARDANYAN and ZLOBIN, 12. AZERBAIJAN 2013 (1) PLATE 74 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 26a 26b 27 28 29 30 VARDANYAN and ZLOBIN, 12. AZERBAIJAN 2013 (2) PLATE 75 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 VARDANYAN and ZLOBIN, 12. AZERBAIJAN 2013 (3) 41