Edetic Acid

Limited information is available related to the effect of moisture and temperature on release of metals from sludge treated soils. In an incubation experiment, effect of ten levels of sludge (0, 1.12, 2.24, 4.48, 8.96, 17.9, 35.8, 71.6, 142, 285 g kg(-1)), two levels of moisture (field capacity and 2.5 cm standing water) and two levels of temperature (20 and 35 degrees C) on the release of zinc and cadmium was evaluated in acid and alkaline soils. The results indicated that application of sludge was more effective in enhancing EDTA extractable Zn and Cd in acid soil than in alkaline soil. On an average, maximum increase in release of EDTA extractable Zn and Cd were 32.0 and 5.2 fold in sludge treated soil over control. There was decrease in EDTA extractable Zn and Cd by 37.7% and 25.4%, respectively under submergence as compared to that under field capacity. On an average, the amount of EDTA extractable Zn and Cd increased by 22.6% and 43.6%, respectively at 35 degrees C than that a...

Methods for measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (clearance in plasma, urine or both of an « exogenous » tracer, usually radio labeled) often are considered impractical from a clinical standpoint. Alternate methods proposed to estimate the GFR are based on plasma levels of « endogenous » tracers (creatinine, cystatin C). These methods are so imprecise that they provide little if any true reassurance with regards to warnings and recommended GFR values for the use of iodinated and gadolinium based contrast agents.

Altered intestinal permeability is implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse equine medical conditions including alimentary laminitis and protein-losing enteropathies associated with parasitic infection. The aims of this study were to assess the feasibility of applying the 51Cr-EDTA absorption test for the assessment of intestinal permeability in the horse, and to apply this test in horses with experimentally induced alterations in gastrointestinal function. Four healthy ponies were administered 36 MBq of 51Cr-EDTA via naso-gastric tube, and urine samples were collected into polythene bags strapped to the pony's abdomen. Total urine voided every 6 h was collected during each test, and 1 ml samples were taken for measurement of gamma-radiation. Urinary recovery of 51Cr-EDTA was measured following intravenous atropine sulphate or bethanecol, and following 22 and 46 days of administration of 250,000 third-stage cyathostome larvae. There was no significant difference in urinary 51Cr...

Background: It has been previously demonstrated that the enzyme α-l-iduronidase (IDUA) of patients with MPS I shows a different biochemical behavior in each of the three clinical forms of these. In heterozygotes, its biochemical behavior has been recently established in leukocyte and plasma samples, demonstrating that it is possible to distinguish individuals heterozygous for MPS I within an unselected population.

Anemia is a significant public health problem among schoolchildren in Vietnam. Food fortification is considered one of the most sustainable long-term strategies to control iron-deficiency anemia in Vietnam. The success of a food-fortification program depends on the choice of the food vehicle. The aim of the present study was to identify an appropriate vehicle for iron fortification to be used in a school-feeding program aimed at improving the iron and anemia status of schoolchildren in rural Vietnam. Children 6 to 8 years of age in two primary schools in Tam Nong District, Phu Tho Province, and their parents were included in this study. The study consisted of three substudies: a food-consumption study with 24-hour recalls of two nonconsecutive days; a food-beliefs study, with focus group discussions, a pile-sorting test, and a food attributes and differences exercise; and a food-acceptance study using noodles and biscuits fortified with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (N...

The centrosome plays a major role in the spatial organization of the microtubular network and has a controlled cycle of duplication, the two duplicated centrosomes functioning as mitotic poles during subsequent cell division. However, a comprehensive description of the overall organization of the centrosome in animal cells is lacking. In order to integrate the various pieces contributing to the centrosome structure and to optimize the quality of the data, we have undertaken an extensive ultrastructural study of centrosomes isolated from human lymphoblasts, which involved (i) orientation of centrosomes by sedimentation before embedding and sectioning, (ii) ultrathin serial sectioning, (iii) digitalization of micrographs to obtain quantitative data, and finally, (iv) comparison between two methods of isolation, which differ by the presence or absence of EDTA. Using this strategy, we have unambiguously described the pericentriolar organization of two distinct sets of appendages (distal and subdistal) about the so-called parental centriole. New structures have been also observed in association with the microtubule sets in this study: (i) external columns, which are dense structures localized at the basis of the subdistal appendages and (ii) internal columns, which are made of globular subunits integrated in a more luminal and probably helical structure. We have also observed that removal of divalent cations by the EDTA during the isolation procedure could affect the centrosomal structure at different levels (subdistal appendages, internal and external columns, pericentriolar matrix), including a significant variation in centriole diameter. A scheme of the overall organization of the centrosome from animal cells and of its modulation by divalent cations can be drawn from this study. Our data gives a view of the centrosome as an organelle displaying a complex and possibly dynamic structural organization.

The site dependence of the absorption-promoting actions of laureth-9, Na salicylate, Na2EDTA, and aprotinin was studied in rats. Insulin absorption was estimated on the basis of the cumulative hypo-glycemic response from 0 to 4 hr postdose, relative to that after intramuscular insulin. Insulin was administered with or without adjuvants to isolated rectal, nasal, and buccal absorption sites. Laureth-9, a nonionic surfactant which irreversibly removes membrane proteins or lipids, promoted insulin absorption from each site. The rectal, nasal, and buccal routes were 30% as effective as the i.m. route. The enhancing effects of Na salicylate and Na2EDTA, which have reversible mechanisms of permeability enhancement, were specific for rectal absorption. With these adjuvants, rectal insulin was 30–40% as effective as i.m. insulin, but nasal and buccal doses were less than 5% as effective as i.m. doses. This specificity can be at least partly explained by considering the site-to-site differences in membrane histology, although differences in pore size and membrane biochemistry might also contribute. The protease inhibitor aprotinin was ineffective in increasing insulin efficacy via each route, either alone or in combination with laureth-9.

We have determined or redetermined the calcium dissociation constants of seven BAPTA-type buffers with KD's in the range from 0.4 microM to about 20 mM in 300 mM KCl. These include four newly synthesized ones: 5-nitro BAPTA; 5,5'-dinitro BAPTA; 5-methyl-5'-nitro BAPTA; and 5-methyl-5'-formyl BAPTA. Moreover, we tabulate dissociation constants or KD's for BAPTA and eleven BAPTA-type buffers, compare most of them with an empirical curve based upon so-called Hammett values, and predict KD's for several still unsynthesized but potentially valuable buffers.