Mie Scattering

Current spray models based on the Lagrangian-droplet and Eulerian-fluid (LDEF) method in the KIVA-3V code are strongly mesh dependent due to errors in predicting the droplet–gas relative velocity and errors in describing droplet–droplet collision and coalescence processes. To reduce the mesh dependence, gas-jet theory is introduced to predict the droplet–gas relative velocity, and a radius of influence (ROI) of collision methodology is established for each gas phase cell to estimate the collision probability for each parcel in the cell. Spray and combustion processes in a low temperature combustion diesel engine under early and late injection strategies with a fine mesh were predicted using the conventional LDEF model and compared with the measurements of soot, OH, fuel liquid and vapor distributions obtained by laser based diagnostics including, PLIF, LII, and Mie scattering. Then, the KIVA-3V code implemented with the improved spray model based on the gas-jet model and modifications of the spray models was utilized to simulate the processes on a relatively coarse numerical mesh. Comparison of the simulations between the fine and coarse meshes shows that the improved spray model can greatly reduce the mesh dependence for low temperature combustion diesel engine CFD simulations.

In premixed turbulent combustion, reaction rates can be estimated from the flame surface density. This parameter, which measures the mean flame surface area available per unit volume, may be obtained from algebraic expressions or by solving a transport equation. In this study, detailed measurements were performed on a Bunsen-type burner fed with methane/air mixtures in order to determine the local flame surface density experimentally. This burner, located in a high-pressure combustion chamber, allows investigation of turbulent premixed flames under various flow, mixture, and pressure conditions. In the present work, equivalence ratio was varied from 0.6 to 0.8 and pressure from 0.1 to 0.9 MPa. Flame front visualizations by Mie scattering laser tomography are used to obtain experimental data on the instantaneous flame front dynamics. The exact equation given by Pope is used to obtain flame surface density maps for different flame conditions. Some assumptions are made in order to access three-dimensional information from our two-dimensional experiments. Two different methodologies are proposed and tested in term of global mass balance (what enters compared to what is burned). The detailed experimental flame surface data provided for the first time in this work should progressively allow improvement of turbulent premixed flame modeling approaches.

An enhanced modelling approach for predicting the characteristics of high-pressure swirl sprays commonly used in commercial DISI applications has been developed by extending the physics of the earlier proposed Lin- ear Instability Sheet Atomisation model (LISA). The new spray model incorporates the effect of spray swirl by preserving the angular velocity component of droplets, which are injected in a circle,