Power Engineering

In this paper, an advanced control system for the optimal operation and management of isolated power systems with increased renewable power integration is presented. The control system minimises the production costs through on-line optimal scheduling of the power units, taking into account short-term forecasts of the load and the renewable resources. The power system security is supervised via on-line security assessment modules, which emulate the power system frequency changes caused by pre-selected disturbances. For each of the above functions, a number of techniques have been applied, both conventional and AI based. The system has been installed in the dispatch center of Crete since June 1999, and is under evaluation

The demand for credit is increasing constantly. Banks are looking for various methods of credit evaluation that provide the most accurate results in a shorter period in order to minimize their rising risks. This study focuses on various methods that enable the banks to increase their asset quality without market loss regarding the credit allocation process. These methods enable the automatic evaluation of loan applications in line with the sector practices, and enable determination of credit policies/strategies based on actual needs. Within the scope of this study, the relationship between the predetermined attributes and the credit limit outputs are analyzed by using a sample data set of consumer loans. Random forest (RF), sequential minimal optimization (SMO), PART, decision table (DT), J48, multilayer perceptron (MP), JRip, naïve Bayes (NB), one rule (OneR) and zero rule (ZeroR) algorithms were used in this process. As a result of this analysis, SMO, PART and random forest algorithms are the top three approaches for determining customer credit limits.

Face recognition is one of the important biometric authentication research areas for security purposes in many fields such as pattern recognition and image processing. However, the human face recognitions have the major problem in machine learning and deep learning techniques, since input images vary with poses of people, different lighting conditions, various expressions, ages as well as illumination conditions and it makes the face recognition process poor in accuracy. In the present research, the resolution of the image patches is reduced by the max pooling layer in convolutional neural network (CNN) and also used to make the model robust than other traditional feature extraction technique called local multiple pattern (LMP). The extracted features are fed into the linear collaborative discriminant regression classification (LCDRC) for final face recognition. Due to optimization using CNN in LCDRC, the distance ratio between the classes has maximized and the distance of the featu...

This work describes the structure and regulation of transmission-related activities in Brazil, and assesses their effectiveness/limitations when addressing issues such as network expansion, locational pricing, transmission financial rights, and others. The paper also discusses the cross-border energy trading between Brazil and neighbor countries, and the perspectives of an integrated regional electricity market.

The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on "39 bus IEEE test systems", the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.

The next generation for mobile communication is new radio (NR) that supporting air interface which referred to the fifth generation or 5G. Long term evolution (LTE), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), and global system for mobile communication (GSM) are 5G NR predecessors, also referred to as fourth generation (4G), third generation (3G) and second generation (2G) technologies. Pseudo-noise (PN) code length and modulation technique used in the 5G technology affect the output spectrum and the payload of DL-FRC specification, in this paper quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16 QAM modulation approaches tested under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in term of bit error rate (BER) which used with 5G technology system implemented with MATLAB-Simulink and programing and, resulting of 1672, 12296 bit/slot payload at frequency range FR1 from 450 MHz-6 GHz and 4424, 20496 bit/slot payload at frequency range FR2 from 24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz, also determining subcarrier spacing, allocated source block, duplex mode, payload bit/slot, RBW (KHz), sampling rate (MHz), the gain and the bandwidth of main, side loop where illustrated.

The downlink multiuser precoding of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) method includes optimal channel state information at the base station and a variety of linear precoding (LP) schemes. Maximum ratio transmission (MRT) is among the common precoding schemes but does not provide good performance with massive MIMO, such as high bit error rate (BER) and low throughput. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and precoding schemes used in 5G have a flaw in high-speed environments. Given that the Doppler effect induces frequency changes, orthogonality between OFDM subcarriers is disrupted and their throughput output is decreased and BER is decreased. This study focuses on solving this problem by improving the performance of a 5G system with MRT, specifically by using a new design that includes weighted overlap and add (WOLA) with MRT. The current research also compares the standard system MRT with OFDM with the proposed design (WOLA-MRT) to find the best performance on throughput and BER. Improved system results show outstanding performance enhancement over a standard system, and numerous improvements with massive MIMO, such as best BER and throughput. Its approximately 60% more throughput than the traditional systems. Lastly, the proposed system improves BER by approximately 2% compared with the traditional system.

The basis of comprehension of power-flow problems obtained from lectures, lecture slides and subject book. Circuit built and simulated in the Power World program, and then the analytical solution obtained using the theoretical knowledge. Finally, both answers were compared with each other and the difference in the figures were deducted and discussed elaborately.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) altered the way of caregiving and the new pandemic forced the health systems to adopt new treatment protocols in which remote follow-up is essential. This paper introduces a proposed system to link a remote healthcare unit as it is inside the hospital. Two different network protocols; a global system for mobile communication (GSM) and Wi-Fi were used to simulate the heath data transfer from the two different geographical locations, using Raspberry Pi development board and Microcontroller units. Message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol was employed to transfer the measured data from the healthcare unit to the hospital’s Gateway. The gateway is used to route the aggregated health data from healthcare units to the hospital server, doctors’ dashboards, and the further processing. The system was successfully implemented and tested, where the experimental tests show that the remote healthcare units using a GSM network consumed about 900 mWh. A hig...

Reliability centered maintenance (RCM) has a key role in the quality system of thermal power plants. Electricity production is definitely not only production of a product, but also becomes a customer service. Reliability is the top quality tier of this service. Incorporation in the Integrated energy system means fast transformations of organization on all levels. The reliability of modern generation components basically influences the efficiency and capacity of a power plant as a whole. This paper presents the results of RCM practice on Unit Two of The Thermal Power Plant ″Nikola Tesla -B″, 2x600 MW, Yugoslavia. RCM implementation on current problems during exploitation emphasized problems with the boiler tubing system. The methodological approach included outages analyses, marking of the most significant ones, determination of main causes of damage (determination of the material exhaustion state based on expert analyses), application of adequate remaining life assessment methodology and finally the recommendations. Based on these analyses, certain technical solutions were performed and as a result, the mean time between failures of the plant increased, as well as its reliability. According to cost efficiency, RCM methodology presented the most effective cost-benefit method for reliability upgrade.

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has much lower emissions compared to conventional gasoline powered vehicles. Permanent magnet synchronous machines are known as a good candidate for hybrid electric vehicles due to their unique merits. In this research paper an optimal design of a permanent magnet machine is presented. A reduction of permanent magnet material for a constant torque and an extension in speed and torque ranges are chosen as the optimization aims. As the high field strength of neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets become commercially available with affordable prices, PMSMs are receiving increasing attention due to their high speed, high power density and high efficiency. In this research paper, 50 kW, 3000 r.p.m permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed.

The aim of this paper is to provide methods and techniques used for wireless monitoring of the parameters of a widely-used induction motor through interfacing of Arduino UNO (for wired communication) and Node Micro Controller Unit (NodeMCU) Wi-Fi module (for wireless communication) with MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) software. The parameters which can be monitored through the techniques discussed in this paper are current waveform, voltage waveform, temperature (Celsius), rms value of voltage and current, peak to peak values of current and voltage, power factor, magnitude spectrum of induction motor. Technique of carrying out Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) has also been discussed in this paper for health monitoring of the motor.

The losses in European Union distribution transformers are estimated at about 33 TW · h/year, whereas reactive power and harmonic losses add a further 5 TW · h/year. The reduction of distribution transformer no-load loss is particularly important as the ratio of no-load to load losses is nearly three. In this paper, the no load operation of wound-core transformers under sinusoidal and distorted supply-voltage conditions is investigated. For that purpose, a 2-D nonlinear transient finite-element analysis taking into account hysteresis has been developed. The hysteresis model is based on a modified Jiles–Atherton representation, and the proposed analysis is compared to experimental data.

Systems focuses on systems utilizing FA+ F3CTS and helps understand monitor performance and disturbances. Also covered are network simulation techniques, transmission systems, AC load flow, faulted system, harmonic flow, and electromagnetic ...

https://www.ijert.org/a-review-on-switchgear-analysis-and-common-challenges-observed-in-switchgear

https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-on-switchgear-analysis-and-common-challenges-observed-in-switchgear-IJERTV10IS030085.pdf

The digitization of manufactured goods has now become a phenomenon with the implementation of new sensor technology and the growth of IoT instruments. People with large, exorbitant machinery would like to keep a record of the assets' critical parameters. As a result, medium voltage equipment, mainly switchgear diagnostics has become incredibly valuable. On-site analyses and monitoring of circuit breaker drives, contacts, gas quality, gas density, and partial discharges could be achieved with varying degrees of tolerance and operational efficiency. They are mounted in substations to supply energy to cities from electrical networks from overhead power lines or underground cables. Safety and efficiency are major concerns in this equipment due to the high voltage and current flow. Thus, various types of sensors are used in the system to keep track of the system's performance. This paper presents a detailed examination of the Switchgear Study, its implementations, and the challenges observed.

Abstrak-Termostat digital HX-W1209 merupakan jenis termostat yang umum digunakan pada inkubator tetas telur, menerapkan sistem pengendalian on-off. Dengan penerapan yang sama, saat ini terdapat teknologi yang sedang dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan pada inkubator, yaitu sistem pegendalian on-off berbasis arduino uno. Sistem tersebut memiliki keunggulan, yaitu dapat diintegrasikan dengan komponen-komponen elektronik pendukung, serta kerja sistem dapat diatur sedemikian rupa, sehingga menjadikan teknologi ini lebih pintar dan memiliki tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan termostat digital HX-W1209. Paper ini berisi penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimana konsumsi energi listrik pada inkubator berbasis arduino uno berdasarkan spesifikasi pada penelitian ini, dibandingkan dengan berbasis termostat digital HX-W1209, dengan metode ekperimen dan pengukuran langsung menggunakan kWh meter digital. Pada pengujian diukur konsumsi energi listrik kumulatif inkubator selama proses penetasan berlangsung, daya input komponen-komponen sistem, tegangan terminal, respon sensor terhadap perubahan suhu, dan periode on-off lampu pijar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh penggunaan komponen-komponen elektronik pendukung pada inkubator berbasis arduino uno secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap konsumsi energi listrik dibandingkan dengan termostat digital HX-W1209 tanpa komponen tambahan. Perbedaan jenis sensor yang digunakan, turut mempengaruhi perbedaan konsumsi energi listrik pada kedua sistem. Hasil pengukuran pada inkubator berbasis arduino uno menunjukkan rata-rata konsumsi energi listrik perhari sebesar 1,94 kWh dengan persentase konsumsi energi listrik lampu pijar sebesar 92,57%, komponen-komponen pendukung 6,2%, dan board arduino uno 1,23%, sedangkan pada inkubator berbasis termostat digital HX-W1209 rata-rata konsumsi energi listrik per hari sebesar 1,46 kWh dengan persentase konsumsi energi listrik lampu pijar sebesar 95,9%, dan board HX-W1209 4,1%.

Kata kunci: Inkubator tetas telur, konsumsi energi listrik, arduino uno R3, termostat digital HX-W1209, sistem kendali on-off

The purpose of this research is to create a smart system based on internet of things (IoT) application for a plant aquarium. This smart system helps users to maintain the environment's parameters of the plant aquarium. In this study, the parameters to be controlled by the system are light intensity and temperature. The hardware used to develop this system is the ESP32 as the microcontroller, BH1750FVI as the light sensor, high power led (HPL) lightemitting diodes (LED) lamp as the light source, DS18B20 as temperature sensor, the heater, and the 220 VAC fan that is used to raise and lower the temperature. In this study also developed an application that is used by the user to provide input to the system. The developed application is then installed on the user's smartphone and used to connect the user to the system via the internet. The ease of adding and removing devices used on the system is a capability that is also being developed in this smart system. The developed system can produce light intensity with accuracy rate of 96% and always manage to keep the temperature within the predetermined range.

This study presents the model, design, and construction of the Arduino based robotic arm, which functions across a distance as it is controlled through a mobile application. A six degree of freedom robotic arm has been designed and implemented for the purpose of this research. The design controlled by the Arduino platform receives orders from the user's mobile application through wireless controlling signals, that is Bluetooth. The arm is made up of five rotary joints and an end effector, where rotary motion is provided by the servomotor. Each link has been first designed using solid works and then printed by 3D printer. The assembly of the parts of the robot and the motor's mechanical shapes produce the final prototype of the arm. The Arduino has been programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding servo motor to the sliders in the designed mobile application for usage from distance.

Abstract: Improvement the efficiency of power energy production, modernization of industrial process in frame of ecological and industrial safety are one of the strategic problems for any country. Mongolia is same those countries with rich natural resource of coal fuel in energy balance, where coal is occupied the largest position in it and this situation will be kept in the future. The combustion process of untreated coal had many negative effects such as climate change, air pollution, environment and nature. Since Kioto’s protocol has been implemented the requirements on developing ecologically harmless for coal combustion. According to this situation humanity faced actual problems. One of the way to avoid from these problems is developing technology of stationer and circulation fluidized bed boiler with low temperature.
Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) technology has lot of advantage for burning solid fuels and recovering energy to produce steam. So we decide to confirm advantage of fluidized bed combustion technology by testing of our country's stationer and circulating fluidized bed  steam generators.
The overall objective of the test is determining efficiency of stationery and circulation fluidized bed steam boilers with small and medium capacity in the thermal power plant of Mongolia. We tested and studied  of steam boiler types DTH-11-10/350BD (Thermal plant of Zuun Haraa), НХ-35/3,82-450 (Uhaa Hudag Thermal Power Plant) and  BKZ-75-39 (Darkhan Power Plant).

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) altered the way of caregiving and the new pandemic forced the health systems to adopt new treatment protocols in which remote follow-up is essential. This paper introduces a proposed system to link a remote healthcare unit as it is inside the hospital. Two different network protocols; a global system for mobile communication (GSM) and Wi-Fi were used to simulate the heath data transfer from the two different geographical locations, using Raspberry Pi development board and Microcontroller units. Message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol was employed to transfer the measured data from the healthcare unit to the hospital’s Gateway. The gateway is used to route the aggregated health data from healthcare units to the hospital server, doctors’ dashboards, and the further processing. The system was successfully implemented and tested, where the experimental tests show that the remote healthcare units using a GSM network consumed about 900 mWh. A hig...

This paper presents a proposed design and analysis of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor when changing of internal characteristic design for the three-phase induction motor. Two situations have been applied to enhancing the performance of the three-phase induction motor. The first situation has been implemented by changing the magnetic flux density (MFD) via the build of the six-phase for the same induction motor. The second situation has been implemented by changing core materials of the rotor part of the induction motor, like aluminum (AL) and cast iron (CI). The finite element method (FEM) has been used to analyze the rotor part, also to obtain the representation and simulation of the realty cylindrical rotor part of motor. The frequency domain (FD) analysis using to obtain the results within the environment of the COMSOL multiphysics 5.5 version.

0272-1724/00/$10.00©2000 IEEE IEEE Power Engineering Review, December 2000 ... 2001 Cigré International Symposium on Gas and Electricity Networks: Complementarity or Competition 3-6 December 2001, Iguaçu, Brazil ... Cigré and the International Gas Union (IGU), in ...

This study revealed the limitations of freelancers’ inability to perform portfolios and biographies, their performance ratings to a large community of customers. The difficulties were evident in searching for reliable, qualified and experienced freelancers from multi-channel information sources. These limitations might impact the ability of freelancers selected by customers to perform the required task to the customers’ satisfaction. This research focused on the case study of the freelance community for photography business in southern of Thailand. This aims to establish an online facility in which freelance photographers can publicize their services and performance to potential customers. The concepts entailed in web portals and e-services were the key elements in the development and ensured that its functions worked efficiently. The study employed qualitative methods were used to assess the current practices of web portal and thus determining the requirements for the e-service web...

This paper shows experimental results of longitudinal flux density and its harmonics at the limb, the yoke and the corner of a three phase, Si-Fe, five-legged wound transformer core. Results show that the flux density is nonuniform in the cores and there is high level of third harmonic component. Moreover, the lower flux values in the outer cores have been assessed and the simultaneous time variation of the flux in both outer cores has been demonstrated by measurements while the peak magnetic flux density values have been compared to FEM analysis. These findings enable a better understanding of the magnetic behavior of five legged wound transformer cores and their consideration is expected to achieve respective improvement of the design with respect to core losses and magnetostriction noise.