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The Lancet Microbe Homepage
FEATURE
“Brains are usually drained from places, not whole areas of research, and such brain drain from a fundamental field in modern medicine is concerning.”
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Streptococcus pyogenes carriage and infection within households in The Gambia: a longitudinal cohort study
S pyogenes carriage and infection are common in The Gambia, particularly in children. Most events are non-household acquisitions, but skin carriage and pyoderma have an important role in S pyogenes household transmission and bidirectional transmission between skin and pharynx occurs. -
Developing biomarker assays to accelerate tuberculosis drug development: defining target product profiles
Drug development for tuberculosis is hindered by the methodological limitations in the definitions of patient outcomes, particularly the slow organism growth and difficulty in obtaining suitable and representative samples throughout the treatment. We developed target product profiles for biomarker assays suitable for early-phase and late-phase clinical drug trials by consulting subject-matter experts on the desirable performance and operational characteristics of such assays for monitoring of tuberculosis treatment in drug trials. -
Borealpox (Alaskapox) virus: will there be more emerging zoonotic orthopoxviruses?
A fatal case of Alaskapox virus, now renamed borealpox virus, was diagnosed in an older man living alone in a forested area of the Kenai Peninsula, AK, USA.1,2 The patient was undergoing immunosuppressive cancer treatment and had been in contact with a stray cat. In mid-September, 2023, he presented with a tender red papule on his right axilla, and four smaller pox-like lesions were observed in diffuse locations. His condition improved after intravenous treatment with tecovirimat and vaccinia immunoglobulin; however, he died in late January, 2024. -
Identification of bacterial determinants of tuberculosis infection and treatment outcomes: a phenogenomic analysis of clinical strains
Slow growth under various antibiotic and metabolic conditions served as in-vitro intermediate phenotypes underlying the association between M tuberculosis monogenic and phylogenetically linked mutations and outcomes such as cavitary disease, treatment failure, and transmission potential. These data suggest that M tuberculosis growth regulation is an adaptive advantage for bacterial success in human populations, at least in some circumstances. These data further suggest markers for the underlying bacterial processes that contribute to these clinical outcomes.
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Equity, diversity, and inclusion: Advancing equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) is a commitment to health for all. Find out more about how we are advancing EDI in the work that we publish, our editorial policies, and our own workforce.
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Safety, tolerability, viral kinetics, and immune correlates of protection in healthy, seropositive UK adults inoculated with SARS-CoV-2: a single-centre, open-label, phase 1 controlled human infection study
Our study demonstrates potent protective immunity induced by homologous vaccination and homologous or heterologous previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The community breakthrough infections seen with the omicron variant supports the use of newer variants to establish a model with sufficient rate of infection for use in vaccine and therapeutic development. -
Blood transcriptomic analyses reveal persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA and candidate biomarkers in post-COVID-19 condition
With an estimated 65 million individuals affected by post-COVID-19 condition (also known as long COVID),1 non-invasive biomarkers are direly needed to guide clinical management. To address this pressing need, we used blood transcriptomics in a general practice-based case-control study. Individuals with long COVID were diagnosed according to WHO criteria, and validated clinical scales were used to quantify patient-reported outcomes.2 Whole blood samples were collected from 48 individuals with long COVID and 12 control individuals matched for age, sex, time since acute COVID-19, severity, vaccination status, and comorbidities (appendix 1 p 2). -
The 2023 WHO World malaria report
The estimated number of global malaria cases in 2022 exceeded pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels in 2019, according to WHO’s 2023 World malaria report . Several threats to the malaria global response are highlighted in the report, including climate change. -
Bacterial infection linked to endometriosis
A translational study has suggested that Fusobacterium infection of the endometrium might contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.