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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

INUVIK A
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES

68°18'15.000" N
133°28'58.000" W
67.70 m
2202570
YEV

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Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C) -26.9 -25.5 -22.3 -11.8 0.4 11.6 14.1 11.0 3.9 -7.6 -21.1 -24.1 -8.2 C
Standard Deviation 4.7 4.8 3.4 3.9 3.2 1.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.6 4.6 3.6 3.5 C
Daily Maximum (°C) -22.8 -20.9 -16.8 -6.3 5.2 17.7 19.5 16.0 7.9 -4.3 -17.1 -20.0 -3.5 C
Daily Minimum (°C) -31.0 -30.1 -27.7 -17.4 -4.5 5.5 8.6 5.9 -0.1 -10.9 -25.0 -28.2 -12.9 C
Extreme Maximum (°C) 5.4 5.2 6.1 13.8 25.0 32.8 32.8 32.5 26.2 20.9 10.6 5.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1981/ 15 1989/ 25 1965/ 09 1995/ 27 1998/ 28 1999/ 17 2001/ 20 1994/ 02 1989/ 10 2003/ 02 1970/ 01 1973/ 31
Extreme Minimum (°C) -54.4 -56.7 -50.6 -46.1 -27.8 -6.1 -3.3 -6.1 -20.1 -35.0 -46.1 -50.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1975/ 12 1968/ 04 1964/ 14 1971/ 01 1961/ 06 1959/ 04 1966/ 29 1966/ 13 1983/ 26 1965/ 29 1963/ 24 1964/ 31
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 5.9 15.5 35.0 36.4 20.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 114.5 D
Snowfall (cm) 15.4 16.4 14.8 11.7 14.2 1.9 0.0 3.1 10.4 30.1 21.3 19.4 158.6 D
Precipitation (mm) 12.5 13.1 11.9 9.8 17.3 17.3 35.0 39.4 29.3 24.4 16.0 14.8 240.6 D
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 1.8 0.2 0.8 10.0 19.3 19.1 41.0 33.0 22.9 13.2 0.8 0.4
Date (yyyy/dd) 1981/ 19 1982/ 03 1989/ 13 2002/ 27 1961/ 27 1972/ 10 1998/ 08 1970/ 16 1976/ 29 1964/ 09 1967/ 21 1988/ 16
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 11.4 13.7 13.0 17.8 24.9 10.2 4.8 22.6 12.2 44.2 22.0 18.6
Date (yyyy/dd) 1963/ 19 1962/ 26 1967/ 12 1961/ 28 1966/ 28 1970/ 07 1974/ 01 1969/ 16 1957/ 27 1971/ 17 1994/ 11 1986/ 09
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 10.5 13.7 10.8 17.8 24.2 19.3 41.0 42.9 30.7 29.2 16.9 15.8
Date (yyyy/dd) 2005/ 10 1962/ 26 1990/ 06 1961/ 28 1987/ 02 1962/ 05 1998/ 08 1969/ 16 1976/ 29 1971/ 17 1994/ 11 1986/ 09
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 89 97 96 99 87 8 3 5 16 81 79 81
Date (yyyy/dd) 1983/ 21 1977/ 03 1983/ 01 1983/ 15 1980/ 01 1965/ 01 1974/ 01 1969/ 08 1992/ 30 1971/ 20 1971/ 30 1971/ 01
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C 30.7 27.7 30.1 22.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 24.0 29.4 30.7 206.3 C
> 0 °C 0.28 0.46 0.88 8.0 22.0 30.0 31.0 31.0 27.4 7.0 0.57 0.26 158.9 C
> 10 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.63 7.9 25.8 28.7 25.6 10.8 0.30 0.0 0.0 99.7 C
> 20 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.91 11.7 15.4 7.6 0.52 0.09 0.0 0.0 36.1 C
> 30 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.22 0.30 0.22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.74 C
> 35 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.63 7.1 26.3 30.7 28.4 15.0 0.65 0.04 0.0 108.9 C
<= 2 °C 31.0 28.2 31.0 29.8 27.1 8.4 1.7 6.0 21.4 30.8 30.0 31.0 276.3 C
<= 0 °C 31.0 28.2 31.0 29.4 23.9 3.7 0.26 2.6 15.0 30.4 30.0 31.0 256.3 C
< -2 °C 31.0 28.2 31.0 28.6 19.2 1.0 0.0 0.87 8.5 28.6 29.9 31.0 237.8 C
< -10 °C 30.8 28.0 30.5 23.4 6.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.83 15.6 29.0 30.6 195.0 C
< -20 °C 27.3 24.0 26.2 12.0 0.39 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 3.2 21.5 25.3 140.1 C
< - 30 °C 17.3 14.4 11.8 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.26 8.5 13.3 67.7 C
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.29 2.5 7.1 10.8 13.9 8.9 0.95 0.0 0.10 44.7 D
>= 5 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.37 0.94 2.1 2.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 D
>= 10 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.05 0.17 0.53 0.44 0.38 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 D
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.12 0.06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18 D
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm 10.3 11.6 11.8 8.0 6.2 1.4 0.06 1.3 5.1 14.1 12.1 11.2 93.0 D
>= 5 cm 0.50 0.59 0.32 0.24 0.74 0.11 0.0 0.25 0.63 1.7 0.85 0.70 6.6 D
>= 10 cm 0.05 0.14 0.05 0.10 0.32 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.40 0.30 0.15 1.5 D
>= 25 cm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 D
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 9.9 10.9 11.2 7.6 7.6 8.1 11.6 14.4 13.0 13.6 11.7 10.3 129.9 C
>= 5 mm 0.28 0.33 0.12 0.13 0.83 1.2 2.0 2.7 1.5 1.1 0.57 0.39 11.1 C
>= 10 mm 0.04 0.0 0.04 0.04 0.33 0.22 0.52 0.48 0.30 0.22 0.17 0.09 2.5 C
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.09 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.13 C
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h) 7.1 7.8 9.0 10.0 11.6 12.4 11.1 10.4 10.1 9.0 7.2 7.1 9.4 A
Most Frequent Direction E E E E E E E E E E E E E A
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 65 56 61 46 47 52 46 56 50 56 56 65
Date (yyyy/dd) 1991/ 26 1995/ 14 1967/ 12 2002/ 06 1968/ 13 2004/ 18 2002/ 02 1984/ 26 1999/ 24 1981/ 10 1964/ 24 2008/ 16
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed NW N NW NW W NW N N NW E NW NW
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 97 83 84 83 77 65 70 89 77 78 80 109
Date (yyyy/dd) 1962/ 17 1995/ 14 1967/ 12 1979/ 22 1967/ 05 1991/ 24 1985/ 06 1962/ 31 1972/ 26 1984/ 25 1964/ 24 1964/ 21
Direction of Maximum Gust N N NW NW NW NW NW W N NW NW NW
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.4 C
Above 18 °C 0 0 0 0 0 6.2 14.8 4.2 0.1 0 0 0 25.3 C
Above 15 °C 0 0 0 0 0.7 23.6 47 15.4 0.5 0 0 0 87.1 C
Above 10 °C 0 0 0 0 6.9 91.8 142.2 75.6 6.2 0.3 0 0 323 C
Above 5 °C 0 0 0 1 29.7 205.8 281.3 191.9 43.7 1.2 0 0 754.5 C
Above 0 °C 0 0 0 8.5 88.3 349 436 340.2 135.4 7.5 0.3 0 1365.3 C
Below 0 °C 834.1 719.8 691 363.6 84 0.2 0 0 17.4 243.8 631.9 745.8 4331.6 C
Below 5 °C 989 860.7 846 506 180.3 7 0.3 6.7 75.7 392.5 781.6 900.8 5546.7 C
Below 10 °C 1,144 1001.5 1,001 655 312.6 43 16.2 45.4 188.2 546.6 931.6 1055.8 6,941 C
Below 15 °C 1,299 1142.3 1,156 805 461.4 124.8 76 140.2 332.4 701.3 1081.6 1210.8 8530.9 C
Below 18 °C 1,392 1226.8 1,249 895 553.7 197.4 136.8 222 422.1 794.3 1171.6 1303.8 9564.6 C
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Total Hours 90.5 187.6 319.2 317.0
Days with measurable 22.0 26.0 28.0 30.0
% of possible daylight hours 42.7 52.1 67.6 48.8
Extreme Daily 4.9 9.0 12.5 17.5 21.8 24.0 23.7 18.4 14.4 11.1 6.8 0.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1961/ 31 1974/ 27 1961/ 30 1974/ 27 1974/ 28 1961/ 17 1974/ 12 1973/ 01 1961/ 01 1961/ 07 1970/ 01 1961/ 01
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex 5.9 4.9 5.6 14.9 29.2 35.8 40.0 36.6 26.7 20.6 10.0 5.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 2009/ 17 1989/ 25 1965/ 10 2009/ 27 2010/ 28 1999/ 17 1961/ 28 1994/ 02 1995/ 22 2003/ 02 1970/ 01 1973/ 31
Days with Humidex >= 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 A
Days with Humidex >= 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 A
Days with Humidex >= 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) -64 -67 -60 -51 -35 -13 -5 -9 -23 -43 -55 -60
Date (yyyy/dd) 1975/ 12 1968/ 04 1962/ 05 1971/ 07 1961/ 06 1969/ 01 1966/ 29 1961/ 31 1983/ 28 1965/ 29 1963/ 25 1974/ 29
Days with Wind Chill < -20 29.0 26.8 29.6 18.4 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 26.1 29.1 169.2 A
Days with Wind Chill < -30 23.4 21.7 23.1 6.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 14.3 20.8 111.4 A
Days with Wind Chill < -40 13.2 11.4 9.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.4 8.3 45.8 A
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidity
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 1 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.4 A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 67.8 67.5 66.2 73.8 78.2 74.4 79.9 86.8 86.8 85.3 74.2 70.4 75.9 A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 67.3 65.4 58 59.3 59.9 49.3 56.3 63.2 68.8 78.6 74 69.7 64.2 A
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Pressure
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 100.9 101.1 101.2 100.9 100.9 100.5 100.4 100.4 100.3 100.4 100.6 100.7 100.7 A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 101.8 102 102.1 101.8 101.7 101.3 101.3 101.2 101.2 101.3 101.5 101.7 101.6 A
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 1 5 14 23 30 31 30 24 15 7 2 0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1971/ 31 1961/ 27 1961/ 31 1972/ 27 1968/ 31 1972/ 16 1972/ 02 1966/ 01 1972/ 03 1972/ 01 1967/ 01 1967/ 01
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Visibility (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
< 1 km 5.9 5.4 3.3 5.2 9.6 5 2.1 8 11.5 12.7 7.1 4.2 80 C
1 to 9 km 113.3 99 80.2 64.9 58.6 20.4 32.6 46.2 62.6 116.6 95.3 98 887.4 C
> 9 km 624.8 573.6 660.5 649.9 675.8 694.6 709.3 689.8 646 614.8 617.6 641.8 7798.6 C
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
0 to 2 tenths 298 265.7 317.4 255.6 208.4 202.3 120.7 104.2 105.4 120.6 220.3 245.5 2,464 C
3 to 7 tenths 121 123.9 126.3 128.4 135.8 193.9 192.8 156.2 115.7 95.4 113.2 117.3 1619.9 C
8 to 10 tenths 325 288.4 300.4 336 399.8 323.8 430.5 483.6 498.9 528 386.5 381.2 4682.1 C
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Date/Days Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost Jun 12 C
Average Date of First Fall Frost Aug 18 C
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 66 Days C
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring of 0 °C or lower on or after indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Jul 10 Jun 24 Jun 20 Jun 16 Jun 12 Jun 09 Jun 04
Probability of first temperature in fall of 0 °C or lower on or before indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Jul 27 Aug 03 Aug 06 Aug 17 Aug 22 Aug 26 Sep 10
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Days 36 45 50 54 69 72 86

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

INUVIK A

Province/Territory
NT
68 18 N
Country
CAN
133 29 W
Time Zone
MST
68.3 N
2202570
133.48 W
67.7
YEV
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C) 1981 2006 25 2 8609 99.6
Standard Deviation 1981 2006 25 2 8609 99.6
Daily Maximum (°C) 1981 2006 25 2 8611 99.6
Daily Minimum (°C) 1981 2006 25 2 8610 99.6
Extreme Maximum (°C) 1957 2006 17325 99.9
Extreme Minimum (°C) 1957 2006 17318 99.8
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Precipitation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm) 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
Snowfall (cm) 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
Precipitation (mm) 1981 2003 22 4 7086 81.9
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 1957 2003 15716 99.5
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 1957 2003 15716 99.5
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 1957 2006 17241 99.6
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 1958 2005 13989 98.8
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Maximum Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
<= 0 °C 1981 2006 25 2 8581 99.3
> 0 °C 1981 2006 25 2 8581 99.3
> 10 °C 1981 2006 25 2 8581 99.3
> 20 °C 1981 2006 25 2 8581 99.3
> 30 °C 1981 2006 25 2 8581 99.3
> 35 °C 1981 2006 25 2 8581 99.3
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Minimum Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
> 0 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
<= 2 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
<= 0 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
< -2 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
< -10 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
< -20 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
< - 30 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Rainfall
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
>= 5 mm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
>= 10 mm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
>= 25 mm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days With Snowfall
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
>= 5 cm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
>= 10 cm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
>= 25 cm 1981 2003 22 4 7086 99.6
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Precipitation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm 1981 2006 25 2 8612 99.7
>= 5 mm 1981 2006 25 2 8612 99.7
>= 10 mm 1981 2006 25 2 8612 99.7
>= 25 mm 1981 2006 25 2 8612 99.7
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Speed (km/h) 1981 2010 30 0 262718 99.9
Most Frequent Direction 1981 2010 30 0 262719 99.9
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 1958 2010 444944 97.3
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 1960 1995 12238 99.7
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Degree Days
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Above 18 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Above 15 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Above 10 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Above 5 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Above 0 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Below 0 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Below 5 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Below 10 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Below 15 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Below 18 °C 1981 2006 25 3 8550 98.9
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Bright Sunshine
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Total Hours 1995 1995 1 2880 100
Days with measurable 1995 1995 1 2880 100
% of possible daylight hours 1995 1995 1 2880 100
Extreme Daily 1961 1995 117056 91.5
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidex
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex 1958 2010 434104 94.9
Days with Humidex >= 30 1981 2010 30 2 257658 97.9
Days with Humidex >= 35 1981 2010 30 2 257658 97.9
Days with Humidex >= 40 1981 2010 30 2 257658 97.9
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind Chill
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) 1958 2010 444928 97.3
Days with Wind Chill < -20 1981 2010 30 0 262702 99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -30 1981 2010 30 0 262702 99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -40 1981 2010 30 0 262702 99.9
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidity
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 2 257658 97.9
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 1981 2010 30 3 10700 97.6
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 1981 2010 30 1 10862 99.1
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Pressure
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 0 262709 99.9
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 1 261974 99.6
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Radiation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 1960 1972 100085 97.2
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Visibility (hours with)
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
< 1 km 1981 2010 25 5 200760 76.4
1 to 9 km 1981 2010 25 5 200760 76.4
> 9 km 1981 2010 25 5 200760 76.4
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Cloud Amount (hours with)
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
0 to 2 tenths 1981 2010 25 5 201480 76.7
3 to 7 tenths 1981 2010 25 5 201480 76.7
8 to 10 tenths 1981 2010 25 5 201480 76.7
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Frost-Free
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Frost 1981 2005 21 3 21 84.0
Average Date of First Fall Frost 1981 2005 21 3 21 84.0
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 1981 2005 21 3 21 84.0
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)
10 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
25 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
33 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
50 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
66 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
75 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
90 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)
10 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
25 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
33 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
50 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
66 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
75 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
90 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)
10 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
25 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
33 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
50 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
66 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
75 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1
90 % 1961 2005 44 3 41 91.1

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