Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
Carbonium Carbon
Koolstof – Kohlenstoff – Carbone – Carbono – 炭素 – Óãëåðîä – 碳
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Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Carbonium Latin
— Germanic
Koolstof AfrikaansCarbon, Kulstof Danish Kohlenstoff German Carbon English Kolevni Faroese Koalstof Frisian (West) Kolefni Icelandic Kuelestoff Luxembourgish Koolstof Dutch Karbon Norwegian Kol Swedish
— Italic
Carbonio AragoneseCarbune or Cãrbune Aromanian Carbonu Asturian Carboni Catalan Carbono Spanish Carbone French Carboni Friulian Carbono Galician Carbonio Italian Carbòni Lombard Carbòni Occitan Carbono Portuguese Carbon, ²Cărbune Romanian - Moldovan
— Slavic
Âúãëåðîä [Vãglerod] BulgarianKarbon, ²Ugljik Bosnian Âóãëÿðîä [vuhljarod] Belarusian Uhlík Czech Ugljik Croatian Wãdźel Kashubian £àãëåðîä [Jaglerod] Macedonian Węgiel Polish Óãëåðîä [Uglerod] Russian Uhlík Slovak Ogljik Slovenian Óãšåíèê [Ugljenik] Serbian Âóãëåöü [vuhlec'] Ukrainian
— Baltic
Anglis LithuanianOgleklis Latvian Onglis Samogitian
— Celtic
Karbon BretonCarbon Welsh Carbón Gaelic (Irish) Carbon Gaelic (Scottish) Carboan Gaelic (Manx) Carbon Cornish
— Other Indo-European
Ανθρακας [anthrakas] GreekԱծխածին [atskhatsin] Armenian Karbon[i] Albanian
— Indo-Iranian/Iranian
Karbon KurdishÆâçàëûãóûð [ævzalyguyr] Ossetian Êàðáîí [Karbon] Tajik
— Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
কার্বন [kārban] Bengaliکربن [krbn] Persian કાર્બન [kārban] Gujarati कार्बन [kārban] Hindi
Finno-Ugric
Süsinik EstonianHiili Finnish Szén Hungarian Øîì÷óæûñü [Šomčužys'] Komi Øӱéäӱҥ [Šüjdüŋ] Mari Ñåäèëü [sedilj] Moksha Süsinik Võro
Altaic
Karbon AzerbaijaniÓãëåðîä [Uglerod] Chuvash Êөì³ðòåê [kömirtek] Kazakh Êөìóð [Kömur] Kyrgyz Íүүðñòөðөã÷ [nüürstörögč] Mongolian Karbon Turkish كاربون [karbon] Uyghur Uglerod Uzbek
Other (Europe)
Karbonoa Basqueნახშირბადი [naxširbadi] Georgian
Afro-Asiatic
كربون [faHm, karbūn] Arabicפחמן [pahman] Hebrew Karbon, ²Karbonju Maltese
Sino-Tibetan
Than (碳) Hakka炭素 [tanso] Japanese 탄소 [tanso] Korean คาร์บอน [khābon] Thai Cacbon Vietnamese 碳 [tan4 / taan3] Chinese
Malayo-Polynesian
Carbono CebuanoKarbon Indonesian Waro Māori Karbon Malay
Other Asiatic
കാര്ബണ് [kārbaṇam] Malayalamகாபன் [kāpan] Tamil
Africa
Kaboni LingalaKhabone Sesotho Kaboni Swahili
North-America
Tecolli Nahuatl
South-America
K'illimsayaq, ²Karbunu Quechua
Creole
Koroskotriki Sranan Tongo
Artificial
Karbono Esperanto
New names
Carbon Atomic ElementsLifetium Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
Carbon is of prehistoric knowledge as diamond as well as graphite. That diamonds were known at least as early as 1200 B.C. seems probable according to ancient Hindu writings. The earliest authentic reference to the diamond is ascribed to one Manilius near the 1st century AD. The name diamond derives from a corruption of the Greek word "adamas" (the invincible) (Or: from the Latin adámas, adámantis, which is itself a Greek word, adamas, adamantos, meaning in these languages "hard steel"). The first recognition of graphite is obscured in antiquity. It was confused with other minerals of similar appearance, chiefly molydenite (MoS2). One name for graphite is "plumbago", like lead; and until modern times it was thought to contain lead. Also carbon in the forms of charcoal and soot must have been known to the earliest humans. In Roman times charcoal was made by the same chemistry as it is today, by heating wood in a pyramid covered with clay to exclude air. The woodcut shows two stages in the manufacture of wood charcoal. In 1704 Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) proposed that diamonds must be combustible. In 1772 Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) demonstrated that charcoal, graphite, and diamond contain the same substance. Lavoisier called the element carbone to distinguish it from "charbon" (French) for charcoal.
Translations
Also in several other languages the name of the element is derived from the native name for coal or charcoal:
Infra-Carbon
George Johnstone Stoney suggested that Argon was a compound of Hydrogenium with "Infrakohlenstoff" (Infra-Carbon), a hypothetical element in the periodic system above C (note) .
Chemistianity 1873
ATYAN
CARBON, combined, forming Life's chief tenement, An abundant, allotropic metalloid; Is found in nature pure and crystallized In two distinct and very diff'rent forms; Transparent—as Diamond,Opaque—as Graphite (Plumbago), and, in an Amorphous state (Non-crystallized) briefly—as Min'ral Charcoal. Carbon is Life's choice structural element In the vegetable and animal worlds; And in Peat, Coal-Beds, Anthracite, and Shale. Crystallized Carbon—as Diamond, a gem So greatly prized, in perfect purity Is colourless, and of high refractive power; Diamonds are found of various hues Snow-white (known as the "first water"), rose-red, Prussian blue, yellow, brown, and also black. The Diamond is the hardest substance known, its crystals Are octohedral, and are found detached, Embedded in gravel or drift material, Through Brazil, Borneo, India, and Cape. (...) Graphite, the trail substance in "lead pencils," Frequently call'd Plumbago or Black Lead, is pure Carbon often mingled with Iron; Sometimes, but rarely, it occurs in crystals.
Further reading
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