Statistics
Statistics of war
Allied Force - Operations | |
---|---|
Duration of the war | 78 days: March 24-June 10, 1999 * |
NATO sorties flown | 35,219 |
- Defensive Counter Air | 16% |
- Close Air Support | 14% |
- Battlefield Air Interdiction | 13% |
- Air-Air Refueling | 21% |
- Other | 36% |
* Terminated June 10, 1999
Allied Force - Targets | |
---|---|
Aircraft | >102 |
Artillery pieces | 427 |
Armored Personnel carriers | 269 |
Tanks | 151 |
Other military vehicles | 283 |
Command posts destroyed | 16 |
Military Airfields destroyed | 10 |
Allied Force - Death tolls | |
---|---|
Yugoslav forces | Some 10,000 |
Allied forces | 2 (AH-64 crew) |
Civilians in Kosovo by Milosevic's crackdown |
2,000 (estimate) |
3 Chinese in accidental bombing of embassy |
Allied Force - Refugees | |
---|---|
Ethnic Albanians | 850,000 (estimate) |
Allied Assets
All nineteen NATO countries contributed to Operation Allied Force: Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Allied Force - Allied assets | ||
---|---|---|
Country | Assets | # |
Belgium | F-16 (Amendola) | 14 |
Canada | CF-188 (Aviano) | 12 |
Czech Republic | Military hospital | 1 |
Denmark | F-16 (Grazzanise) | 10 |
France | Mirage 2000C (Istrana) | 6 |
Mirage 2000D (Istrana) | 13 | |
Jaguar (Istrana) | 10 | |
C-135FR | 2 | |
E-3F | 1 | |
Super Etendard (aboard Foch carrier) | 14 | |
Puma (aboard Foch carrier) | 2 | |
Nuclear submarine, Amethyste | 1 | |
Anti-aircraft frigate, Cassard | 1 | |
Ground troops in Macedonia | 2,400 | |
Germany | Tornado (Piacenza) | 14 |
Ground troops in Macedonia | 6,000 | |
Frigate, GS Rheinland Pfalz | 1 | |
Greece | *1 | |
Destroyer, HS Kimon | 1 | |
Hungary | *2 | |
Italy | War planes incl Tornado,AMX,F-104 |
54 |
KC-130H (Aviano) | 2 | |
Air bases | 11 | |
Frigate, TS Zeffiro | 1 | |
Luxembourg | Various operations | |
Netherlands | F-16AM (Amendola) | 10 |
F-16A (Amendola) | 6 | |
RF-16A (Amendola) | 4 | |
KDC-10 (NL) | 2 | |
Frigate, HMS Bloys van Treslong | 1 | |
Submarine, Hr.Ms. Dolfijn | 1 | |
Norway | F-16 (Grazzanise) | 6 |
C-130 | 1 | |
Frigate, SPS Numancia | 1 | |
Portugal | F-16 (Aviano) | 4 |
C-130 | 1 | |
Spain | EF-18 (Aviano) | 10 |
Turkey | F-16 (Ghedi) | 12 |
Frigate, TCG Muavenet | 1 | |
United Kingdom | Harrier GR.7 (Gioia del Colle) | 12 |
E-3D (Aviano) | 3 | |
Canberra (Gioia del Colle) | 1 | |
L-1011 | 3 | |
VC-10 (UK) | 2 | |
Tornado GR.1 | 8 | |
HMS Invincible | 1 | |
HMS Newcastle | 1 | |
HMS Turbulent | 1 | |
Frigate, HMS Iron Duke | 1 | |
HMS Grafton | 1 | |
United States | War planes including F-117, B-1, B-2, B-52, F-16, F-15, A-10 |
230 |
Carrier, USS Theodore Roosevelt | 1 | |
Cruiser, USS Philippine Sea | 1 | |
Cruiser, USS Vella Gulf | 1 | |
Cruiser, USS Leyte Gulf | 1 | |
Destroyer, USS Nicholson | 1 | |
Destroyer, USS Gonzales | 1 | |
Destroyer, USS Thorn | 1 | |
Submarine, USS Albuquerque | 1 | |
Submarine, Miami | 1 |
Notes:
1. Greece's northern port of Salonica was a major transit point for NATO forces assembling in the republic of Macedonia. And Athens has offered more facilities and possible troop contributions but only if a Kosovo peace agreement is signed and an international force (KFOR or other) is dispatched to the province.
2. Hungary has stated its readiness to contribute medical teams and it is allowing the use of Hungarian airspace and airport facilities.
3. All US ships listed are cruise missile capable.
During the operations, reconnaissance flights and Bomb Damage Assessment were covered by several countries operating a variety of recce aircraft. U-2s and UAVs like the Predator and the Hunter were also used by the USAF. An important role was performed by aircraft such as AWACS, Joint STARS and River Joint.
On June 10, 1999, the air strikes were suspended and on June 20 they were officially terminated.
On June 23, 1999, a significant amount of planes were flown out of Italy. F-117 and B-1B bombers, F-16s, F-15s, and F/A-18s left Aviano for their home base Spangdahlem. From RAF Fairford, some B-52H bombers left.
Yugoslav Forces
There were approximately 40,000 Serb troops in and around Kosovo at the time of the first attacks. These forces are equipped with tanks and Armored Personnel Carriers.
Yugoslav forces | |
---|---|
Assets | Strength |
Ground Forces | 114,000 active-duty soldiers |
400 artillery pieces | |
Anti-Aircraft Forces | 100 surface-to-air missiles: a mix of SA-2, SA-3, SA-6, SA-7, SA-9, SA-13, SA-14 and SA-16. |
1,850 air defense artillery pieces. | |
Air Forces | 240 combat aircraft, including MiG-21s and MiG-29s, and 48 attack helicopters. |
Mechanized Forces | 1,270 tanks, including T-72s, T-74s, T-55s and M-84s and 825 armored fighting vehicles. |
Serb forces around the Kosovo border were divided into deployed forces, garrison forces, and reserve forces. The deployed forces had about 96 tanks, and the garrison forces had around 30 tanks in garrison.
There was a concentration of Serb troops along the border between Kosovo and Macedonia, by the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. These forces have been building up for several weeks.
Allied losses and incidents
Two war planes were lost during combat missions. Six Unmanned Aerial Vehicles were shot down.
Allied losses & incidents | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | Asset | Country | Circumstances | ||
28 May | 1 A-10A | USA | Hit by Serbian SAM. Aircraft returned safely to its air base | ||
14 May | 2 Drones | USA | Shot down by Serbs | ||
5 May | 1 AH-64 | USA | Crashed near Tirana on a training mission Both crew members died | ||
2 May | 1 F-16CG | USA | Crashed near Metic after strike mission due to engine failure;pilot was recovered two hours later | ||
2 May | 1 OA-10A | USA | Emergency landing at Petrovac, near Skopje | ||
1 May | 1 AV-8B | USA | Crashed in Adriatic on return to carrier; pilot ejected safely | ||
26 Apr | 1 AH-64 | USA | Crashed near Tirana on training mission; both crew members survived | ||
18 Apr | 1 F-16 | Denmark | Emergency landing in Sarajevo due to engine problems | ||
16 Apr | 1 OA-10A | USA | Emergency landing in Skopje, cause never acknowledged | ||
14 Apr | 3 Drones | Germany | One was shot down by Serbs; earlier, two other drones were shot down | ||
7 Apr | 1 Drone | USA | Shot down over Yugoslavia | ||
27 Mar | 1 F-117 | USA | Shot down west of Belgrade by Serbian SA-6 missile; pilot recovered hours later by combat SAR unit | ||
26 Mar | 1 F-15E | USA | Emergency landing at Istrana AB |
=Combat, manned aircraft | |
=Combat, unmanned aircraft |
Comments
From military angle, operation Allied Force was complete failure. Despite large number of targets, confirmed kills were around 10%. The actual number, according to sources on the command staff and an internal Air Force study, was 14 destroyed tanks, 18 APCs, 20 artillery peaces and 121 planes and helicopters mainly destroyed on ground. Military personel death toll on Yugoslav side was around 1300-1500 including engagement both with NATO and KLA. Most strikingly of all, the cease-fire terms were almost identical to those accepted by Milosevic before the war. Such a good performance of Yugoslav forces was possible due to two factors: 1. Yugoslav military intelligence had informations about almost every planned target prior to attack. Large number of beacons vere placed all over the country mimicking planes, tanks, artillery peaces, radars, sam sites ...