1991, vol. 43, br. 4-5, str. 118-137
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Pravni aspekti položaja i uloge oružanih snaga SFRJ
Legal aspects of the position and role of colonel the armed forces of the SFRY
Sažetak
U aktuelnoj političkoj situaciji, pored ostalih institucija savezne države, stalno se osporavaju i oružane snage SFRJ. Dovodi se u pitanje i sam njihov opstanak, a funkcija svodi na zaštitu od spoljne agresije. U članku se analiziraju položaj i funkcija oružanih snaga u pravnom sistemu SFRJ. Autor, na osnovu analize važećih odredaba Ustava SFRJ i saveznih propisa, argumentovano zaključuje da su jedine legitimne oružane snage u našoj zemiji jedinstvene oružane snage SFRJ. Svi drugi oružani sastavi, osim milicije, nelegalni su sa stanovišta pravnog poretka SFRJ. Bez obzira na to kako se one formiraju i kojim se organizacionim formama prikrivaju, nikakvi pravni argumenti ih ne mogu učiniti legitimnim. Objektivno, formiranje takvih oružanih sastava svojevrsno je pravno nasilje koje ugrožava pravni poredak savezne države. Funkcije jedinstvenih oružanih snaga SFRJ utvrđene su Ustavom SFRJ. Prema izričitim ustavnim odredbama, oružane snage SFRJ štite suverenitet, nezavisnost, teritorijalnu celovitost i Ustavom utvrdeno društveno uređenje SFRJ. Nijednom ustavnom odredbom niti odredbom bilo kojeg propisa nije posebno određen izvor ugrožavanja tih vrednosti savezne države. To znači da su oružane snage dužne i ovlašćene da te vrednosti štite od svakog oblika ugrožavanja, nezavisno od toga da li dolazi spolja ili je uslovljeno unutrašnjim činiocima. Savezna država je ovlašćena i obavezna da, radi suzbijanja takvih ponašanja, primeni sva pravna sredstva. Kad druga, mirna sredstva ne daju rezultate, u otklanjanju opasnosti koja ugrožava nezavisnost, suverenitet, teritorijalnu celovitost i ustavom utvrdeno društveno uređenje, savezna država može upotrebiti i oružane snage. Uporednom analizom rešenja u pravnim sistemima savremenih država, autor dokazuje da takva stanovišta nisu specifičnost SFRJ. Naprotiv, savremene države (na primer, SAD i Švajcarska) takođe insistiraju na načelu jedinstvenih oružanih snaga i predviđaju njihovu upotrebu u otklanjanju, pored spoljnih, i unutrašnjih oblika ugrožavanja opstanka države.
Abstract
In the current political situation are beside other institutions of the federal state continuously disputed also the Armed Forces of the SFRY. Their very existence is being put under the question mark, and their function is wished to be reduced to the protection and defense of the country against an aggression from abroad. In the article are analyzed the position and functions of the armed forces in the legal system of the SFRY. Based on the analysis of the Constitution and federal legal provisions, the author concludes that only the integrated Armed Forces of the SFRY are the legitimate armed forces of the country. All the other armed formations, except the militia (police) are illegal from the point of view of the legal system of the SFRY, Notwithstanding the manners in which they are formed and organizational forms by which they conceal themselves, such formations cannot be made legal by any legal argument. Objectively seen, the forming of such armed formations is a sui generis violation of law and endangers the legal system of the federal state. Functions of the integrated Armed Forces of the SFRY are prescribed by the Constitution of the SFRY. According to the explicit constitutional prescriptions, the Armed Forces of the SFRY protect the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and by the Constitution established social order and system of the SFRY. The source of threat against these values and properties of the social order of the SFRY is not specifically foreseen by any article of the Constitution or by any clause of a law or legal regulation. The Armed Forces of the SFRY are, therefore, obliged and empowered to protect these values from any form of their endangerment, should it come from abroad or resulting from internal factors. The federal state is empowered and obliged to apply all legal means and instruments in its suppressing such behavior. When peaceful means do not yield necessary results, the federal state is, in its averting the threat that endangers the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and by the Constitution established social order, empowered to use also the Armed Forces to this purpose. By a comparative analysis of solutions contained in the legal system of existing states, the author argues that such attitudes are not a specificity of the SFRY. On the contrary, these states (e.g. the USA and Switzerland) also insist on the principle of existence of integrated armed forces and forcese their use in averting both the external and internal forms of threat to the existence of the state.
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