Karelian
[aka karjala, карельский язык, Karelian proper]Classification: Uralic
·threatened
Classification: Uralic
·threatened
Karelian belongs to the North group of the Baltic-Finnic language, with the closest related language being Finnish. Some scholars do not regard Karelian as a separate language at all, but classify it as an eastern dialect of the Finnish language. However, it should be considered a separate language because of its geo-political location within the boundaries of another state. (The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire)
karjala, карельский язык, Karelian proper, Karelisch, carélien, karely, Sobstvenno-Karel'skij-Jazyk, Karely, Karelian Proper, Karel'skiy Jazyk, Severno-Karel'skij, karel΄skij jazyk, karjalan kieli, venäjänkarjalaisten kieli, Russisch-Karelisch, Olonetzisch-Lüdisch, Gárjilgiella |
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Uralic, Finnic |
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Cyrillic script |
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ISO 639-3 |
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krl |
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As csv |
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Information from: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
Russian
Finnish
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition” . Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig · SIL International
60,800
"25,600 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Livvi-Karelian [olo] and Ludian [lud]. Population total all countries: 35,600."
"Many children learn the language but most if not all become more fluent in Russian [rus] and largely stop using the language later in life (Salminen 2007)."
Russian [rus]
Finnish [fin]
Cyrillic is no longer used.
"Kareliya Republic, Murmanskaya Oblast’, and Leningradskaya Oblast’; some in Tverskaya Oblast’, mainly Tolmachi area, Maksatikha and Ves’yegonsk."
Information from: “The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire” . Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits ·
"According to some estimates, 90 %% of children under the age of 10 regard Russian as their mother tongue. The Karelians make up only 10 %% of the population in the Karelian ASSR and only about half of the Karelians in Karelia still consider Karelian to be their native tongue. "
Russian; Finnish
Information from: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
Sources |
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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SOURCE: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge |
SOURCE: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . , Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press |
SOURCE: “The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire” . , Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits · |
2007 | Europe and North Asia | Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages | 211-282 | C. Moseley | London & New York: Routledge | Tapani Salminen | Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge. | HHOLD | 63,000 | 1989 | 10000-99999 | Russian, Finnish | Threatened (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 12 | Northern And Eastern Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0199255911 | 2005 | The World Atlas of Language Structures | Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer | Oxford University Press | New York | 2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press. | 64.0,32.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 31,500 | 10000-99999 | Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 58.0284,33.3215 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 128,000 | 100000 | At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18th | 2015 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition | Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig | SIL International | Dallas, Texas | http://www.ethnologue.com | Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. | 60,800 | 35,600 | 2010 | 10000-99999 | "25,600 in Russian Federation (2010 census). Census includes Livvi-Karelian [olo] and Ludian [lud]. Population total all countries: 35,600." | Russian [rus], Finnish [fin] | Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 11 | "Many children learn the language but most if not all become more fluent in Russian [rus] and largely stop using the language later in life (Salminen 2007)." | Russia | "Kareliya Republic, Murmanskaya Oblast’, and Leningradskaya Oblast’; some in Tverskaya Oblast’, mainly Tolmachi area, Maksatikha and Ves’yegonsk." | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9985-936922 | 1993 | The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire | Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits | http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook | "The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook. | 138,400 | 76,950 | 1979 | 10000-99999 | Russian; Finnish | Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 13 | "According to some estimates, 90 %% of children under the age of 10 regard Russian as their mother tongue. The Karelians make up only 10 %% of the population in the Karelian ASSR and only about half of the Karelians in Karelia still consider Karelian to be their native tongue. " | 13 | Karelian ASSR, St.Petersburg, Novgorod, Finland |