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Montenegro

[Ottoman Empire]
de jure to 13 Jul 1878
 
 
[Montenegro c.1763 - c.1773 Prince's Flag, merchant flag 1878-1880]
c.1763 - c.1773 Prince's Flag;
1878 - c.1880 Merchant Flag
 
[Montenegro Prince's Flag c.1852-c.1861]
c.1852 - c.1861 Prince's Flag
 
 
[Montenegro Royal flag c.1861-1878, 1910-1918]
c.1861 - 1878, 1910 - 26 Nov 1918 Royal Flag
 
[Montenegro Civil Ensign 1879-1880]
1879 - 1880  Civil Ensign
 
[Montenegro Civil Ensign 1880-1881]
1880 - 1881  Civil Ensign
 
[Montenegro Civil Ensign 1881-1918]
1881 - 28 Nov 1918,  Jul 1941
Civil Ensign
 
[Montenegro state flag 1910-1918]
15 Aug 1910 - 28 Nov 1918
State Flag
 
[Flag of Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918-1946]
1 Dec 1918 - 18 Apr 1941;
15 Dec 1944 - 31 Jan 1946
 
[Federal Peoples' Republic of Yugoslavia, 1946-1992]
31 Jan 1946 - 27 Apr 1992
 
[Flag of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1992-2003, Serbia and Montenegro 2003-2006]
27 Apr 1992 - 21 Dec 1993
 
[Flag of Montenegro 1993-2004]
21 Dec 1993 - 12 Jul 2004
[Flag of Montenegro]
Adopted 12 Jul 2004
  


Map of Montenegro
 Hear National Anthem
 "Oj, Svijetla Majska Zoro"
(O' The Bright Dawn of May)
Adopted 12 Jul 2004
 Hear Former Anthem
"Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori"
 (To Our Beautiful Montenegro)
(17 Oct 1870-28 Nov 1918)
 Constitution
(22 Oct 2007)
------------------------------------
Former Constitutions
(12 Oct 1992 - 22 Oct 2007;
19 Dec 1905 - 1918 amended 1910)
Capital: Podgorica
(Titograd 13 Jul 1946-2 Apr 1992; Podgorica 4 Nov 1918 - 26 Apr 1922; Cetinje 1482-1918, 1922-1946;
Obod 1475-1482;
Žabljak Crnojevića 1427-1475;
Bar [Antivari] 1403-1408 1412-1421/27;
Ulcinj [Dulcigno] 1385-1403;
Skadar [Shkodra] c.900-c.960,
c.1042-1385, 1408-1412;
Prapratna c.960-1042)
Historic Capital: Cetinje
(designated 12 Oct 1992)
 Currency: Euro (EUR)
2 Nov 1999-28 Feb 2002
German Mark (DEM);
1918-1999 Yugoslav Dinar
(YUD); 1941-1943 Italian Lira
 (ITL); 1852-1918 Montenegro Perper (MEP)
 National Holiday: 13 Jul (1878)
Dan Državnosti
(Statehood Day)
-------------------------------------
1860-1918: 7 Oct [25 Sep] (1841)
Birthday of King Nikola
 Population: 614,249 (2018)
615,035 (1991)
311,341 (1921)
436,800 (1918)
200,000 (1852)
GDP: $11.08 billion (2017)
Exports: $422.2 million (2017)
Imports: $2.61 billion (2017)
Ethnic groups: Montenegrin 45%, Serbian 28.7%,
Bosniak 8.7%, Albanian 4.9%, Muslim 3.3%, Romani 1%,
Croat 1%, other 2.6%, unspecified 4.9% (2011)
Total Active Armed Forces: 3,127 (2010)
37,000 (1914)
Merchant marine: 12 ships (2018)
(22 ships [1909]) 
Religions: Orthodox 72.1%, Muslim 19.1%, Catholic 3.4%,
 atheist 1.2%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.6% (2011)
International Organizations/Treaties: before 1918: ICRM, ITU, PCA, UPU; from 2006: APM, BSEC (dialogue partner), BIS (candidate), BTWC, CCM, CE, CEFTA, CEI, CTBT, CWC, DC (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ESCR, EU (candidate), Eutelsat, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (observer), NATO, NPT, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PAM, PCA, SECP, SELEC, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNDP, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Montenegro
Index
Chronology
   
168 BC - 395 AD            Part of the Roman Empire.
18 Jan 395                 Part of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
7th cent.                  Settled predominantly by Slavs, nominally under
                             Greek suzerainty, the coastal cities, if not
                             abandoned, remained Greek.
c.900                      Principality of Dioclea (Greek: Diókleia), which is
                             nominally a Byzantine vassal.
c.995 - 1018               Bulgarian vassal.
1018 - 1077                Byzantine vassal.
Aug 1036 - Dec 1037        Byzantine occupation.
1077                       Kingdom of Dioclea (Serbian: Duklja) recognized
                             as independent by the Pope.
1102 - 1113                Byzantine vassal.
1131 - 1186                Byzantine vassal
Jan 1186                   Incorporated into the Serb state, with autonomy.
1216                       Autonomy revoked.
1296                       Name Crna Gora (Italian: Monte Negro, "Black
                             Mountain") is first used as a geographical
                             designation for the mountainous parts of modern
                             Montenegro (in a Serbian royal grant to the local
                             bishop), eventually coming to mean the quasi-
                             autonomous bishopric within Ottoman Empire and
                             thus later the independent state of Montenegro.
1376                       Quasi-independence (Lordship of Zeta).
14 Apr 1396                Skadar/Scutari/Shkodra ceded to Venice.
28 Apr 1421 - 27 Jun 1441  Zeta under Serbian rule.
1477 - 1482                Ottoman occupation.
12 Jan 1479                Ottoman rule in Shkodra (treaty ratified 25 Apr
                             1479); part of Eyalet of Rumelia.
1485                       Seat of the Metropolitan of Zeta is transferred to
                             Cetinje.
Nov 1496                   Definitive Ottoman Turkish occupation of the
                             remaining parts of Zeta; administered as part of
                             the Sanjak of Ishkodra (see Albania). The event is
                             sometimes incorrectly dated to 1516 (with a second
                             set of lords Stěpan, Ivan and Đurađ (Djuradj)
                             listed to fill the perceived gap). From this era,
                             local bishops exercise de facto secular rule over
                             the mountainous interior as Vladika ("Lord").
1513 - 1528                Karadağ ("Black Mountain") a separate Ottoman Sanjak
Nov 1691 - 1702?           Ottoman occupation of Cetinje.
25 Dec 1702                De facto independence by uprising (New Style date
                             3 Jan 1703), community is led by the local Bishop,
                             with that office, that had been elective, becoming
                             de facto hereditary under the Petrović Njegoš
                             dynasty.
Jul 1712                   Ottoman brief occupation of Cetinje.
22 Sep 1796                Brda highlands incorporated.
1799                       Forged (of 1837) Ottoman "ferman" claimed the Sultan
                             recognized that Montenegro was no longer under
                             Ottoman suzerainty from 1799.
13 Mar 1852                Principality of Montenegro (Knjaževina Crna Gora)
                             (Old Style date 1 Mar 1852).
 May 1858                   Montenegro acquires areas of Grahovo, Rudine, and 
                             Kolašin (ratified Apr 1860).
 31 Aug 1862                Montenegro forced to acknowledge Ottoman vassal
                             status by the Convention of Shkodër/Scutari.
 13 Jul 1878                Ottoman Empire recognizes the independence of
                             Montenegro by Treaty of Berlin (with Germany,
                             Austria, France, U.K., Italy and Russia)(ratified 3
                             Aug 1878)(Old Style dates 1 Jul 1878, 22 Jul 1878).
13 Jul 1878                Montenegro annexes the areas of Bar, Ulcinj [from 30
                             Nov 1880], and Podgorica.
10 Sep 1879 - 28 Oct 1908  Austria-Hungary occupies the western part of the
                             Sanjak of Novi Pazar (see under Serbia), however it
                             remains part of the Ottoman Empire.
28 Aug 1910                Kingdom of Montenegro (Kraljevina Crna Gora)
                             (Old Style date 15 Aug 1910).
24 Apr 1913 - 14 May 1913  Montenegro occupies Shkodra/Shkodër in Albania.
10 Aug 1913                Sanjak of Novi Pazar partitioned between Serbia
                             and Montenegro (Montenegro acquires Berane,
                        Bijelo, Brodarevo, Dečani, Đakovica [Djakovica],
                        Péc, Plav, Pljevlja, Polje, and Rožaje).
27 Jun 1915 - 23 Jan 1916  Montenegro occupies Shkodra/Shkodër in Albania.
14 Jan 1916 -  4 Nov 1918  Austria-Hungary occupies Montenegro.
Feb 1916 -  4 Nov 1918     Military General Government of Montenegro (Militär-
                             Generalgouvernement Montenegro) of Austria-Hungary.
 1 Mar 1916                New Style Calendar introduced by military government.
 4 Nov 1918                Austria-Hungary withdraws from Cetinje.
 6 Nov 1918                Occupied by Serbia (in Podgorica 31 Oct 1918, and
                             Cetinje 6 Nov 1918).
26 Nov 1918                King deposed, unified with Serbia (by decision of
                             the Great National Assembly).
 1 Dec 1918                Serbia merged into what becomes Yugoslavia as
                             Montenegro province (Pokrajina Crna Gora)(see
                             under Serbia)(Old Style date 18 Nov 1918).
29 Apr 1919                Formally part of Yugoslavia; the People's Executive
                             Committee dissolved (by resolution and ceremony).
11 Dec 1920                By Treaty of Rapallo (signed 12 Nov 1920) the Allies
                             and Associated Powers recognize, de facto, the
                             union of Montenegro with Serbia.
13 Jul 1921                Paris Ambassadors Conference recognizes, de jure,
                             the unification of Montenegro with Serbia.
28 Apr 1922                Organized as Zeta (oblast) region within Yugoslavia.
14 Sep 1929                Mihailo Petrović Njegoš, exile king, renounces his
                             dynasty's claim to the throne of Montenegro and
                             declares allegiance to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
 4 Oct 1929                Part of Zetska banovina (Banate of the Zeta), within
                             Yugoslavia.
18 Apr 1941 - 12 Sep 1943  Occupied by Italy (subordinated to Albania)(Kotor
                             is annexed to Italy 18 May 1941 - 15 Sep 1943; and
                             from 3 Dec 1941 areas of Bar, Gusinje, Plav,
                             Péc, and Ulcinj are annexed to Albania).
12 Jul 1941                Kingdom of Montenegro (Kraljevina Crna Gora)(style
                             State of Montenegro [Država Crna Gora] also in use)
                        declares independence as sovereign and independent
                        and constitutional monarchy (under Italian
                        protectorate). Exiled King Mihailo refuses the
                        throne, the crown is then offered to Russian
                             Prince Roman Petrovich Romanov (b. 1896 - d. 1978),
                             who also refuses the throne.
13 Jul 1941 - Nov 1941     Communist backed Partisan uprising in Montenegro
                             liberates most of the country (except Podgorica,
                             Cetinje, Nikšić, and Pljevlja).
24 Jul 1941                Independence canceled by Italy, military rule is
                             instituted (Governorate of Montenegro).
12 Sep 1943 - 15 Dec 1944  Occupied by Germany (subordinated to Albania Nov 1943
                             - 1 Jun 1944)(in Cetinje to 17 Nov 1944, Podgorica
                             to 18 Nov 1944, Kotor to 21 Nov 1944, in Budva to
                             22 Nov 1944)(Feldkommandantur Montenegro to Nov
                             1943, then part of Militärbefehlshaber Albanien
                             und Montenegro Nov 1943 - 1 Jun 1944, and then
                             Feldkommandantur 1040 [Montenegro] to 15 Dec 1944).
29 Nov 1943                Re-incorporation into Yugoslavia declared, in
                             opposition to occupation (see under Serbia).
Jul 1944 - May 1945        Montenegrin State Council established by Chetnik
                             forces in exile.
14 Jul 1944                Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of
                             Montenegro constituted as the highest state
                             authority of Montenegro as part of Yugoslavia.
14 Jul 1944                Montenegro (Crna Gora); style also in use Federal
                             Montenegro (Federalna Crna Gora)(within
                             Yugoslavia). 
15 Apr 1945                Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation
                             of Montenegro turns into the National Assembly.
31 Jan 1946                People's Republic of Montenegro (Narodna Republika
                             Crna Gora)(within Yugoslavia).
 7 Apr 1963                Socialist Republic of Montenegro (Socijalistička
                             Republika Crna Gora)(within Yugoslavia)
 2 Aug 1991                Republic of Montenegro (Republika Crna Gora)
                             (confirmed 12 Oct 1992).
27 Apr 1992                Part of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (with only
                             Serbia)(see under Serbia).
 4 Mar 2003 -  3 Jun 2006  Part of Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro
                             form a state union)(Zajednica državna Srbija i
                             Crna Gora) see under Serbia).
21 May 2006                Independence referendum approved 55.5% to 44.5%.
 3 Jun 2006                Independence declared (Republic of Montenegro).
 8 Jun 2006                Independence recognized by Serbia (formally from 
                             15 Jun 2006). 
22 Oct 2007                Montenegrin becomes official language (orthography
                             established on 10 Jul 2009).
22 Oct 2007                Montenegro (Crna Gora).
Socialist Republic of
Montenegro
(1945-1991)
Kingdom
in Exile
(1918-1929)
Boka Kotorska
(Cattaro)
(1373-1814,
1941-1944)
Montenegrin
Orthodox Church
 Montenegrin
Orthodox Church
(Schismatic
from 1993)
Ethnic map of
Montenegro
(2002) 
Historical Maps
of Montenegro
 
 

Note: Serbian transliteration based on the Roman equivalents as used for Croatian and Slovenian and as recommended by the United Nations (1977). Dates before 1/13 Mar 1852 are given according to Old Style (Julian) calendar, and after according to New Style (Gregorian) calendar. New Style was formally introduced in Montenegro under occupation on 1 Mar 1916, and was officially adopted from 28 Jan 1919.
Árchons/Princes of Dioclea
... - 97.                  Prelimir (Predimir)
97. - 9..                  Hvalimir
9.. - 998                  Petrislav (Petar?) Hvalimirović    (b. 9.. - d. 998)     
998 - 22 May 1016          Vladimir Petrislavić               (b. 9.. - d. 1016)
22 May 1016 - 1018         Dragomir Hvalimirović              (b. 9.. - d. 1018)
1018 - Aug 1036            Vojislav (Dobroslav) Dragomirović  (b. 9.. - d. 1043)
                             (1st time)
Aug 1036 - Dec 1037        Byzantine occupation
Dec 1037 - 1043            Vojislav (Dobroslav) Dragomirović  (s.a.)
                             (2nd time)
1043 - 1054                Gojislav Vojislavljević            (b. 102. - d.1054)
1054 - 1077                Mihailo Vojislavljević             (b. 102. - d. 1081)      
                             (Mihajlo Voďslavić)
Kings of Diocleaą (in Skadar [Shkodra])
1077 - 1081                Mihailo (I) Vojislavljević         (s.a.)
1081 - 110.                Konstantin Bodin Mihailović        (b. 10.. - d. 1099)
                             (Petăr III of Bulgaria 1072)
                             (1091 - .... Byzantine prisoner)
1091 - ....                Jakvinta (f) -Regent               (d. af.1115)
110.                       Dobroslav Mihailović               (b. 107. - d. af.1114)
110. - 110.                Kočapar Radoslavić                 (b. 10.. - d. 110.)
110. - 1114                Vladimir Vladimirović              (b. 10.. - d. 1114)
1114 - 1118                Đorđe (Djordje "Juraj")            (b. 10.. - d. 1131)
                             Konstantinović (1st time)
1118 - 1125                Grubeša Branislavljević            (b. 10.. - d. 1125)
                             (Grŭbeša Branislavić)
1125 - 1131                Đorđe Konstantinović (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1131 - 1146                Gradinja Branislavljević           (b. 10.. - d. 1146)
                             (Gradina Branislavić)
1146 - 1162                Radoslav Gradišnić (Gradinić)      (b. 11.. - d. 1162)
1162 - Jan 1186            Mihailo (II) Radoslavić            (b. 11.. - d. 1186)
Grand Princes of Zetaą (in Skadar [Shkodra])
 Jan 1186 - May 1208        Stefan Vukan Nemanjić              (b. 115. - d. 1209)
May 1208 - 1216            Đorđe (Djordje) Vukanović          (b. 118. - d. 1248?)
1216 - 1276                direct Serbian rule
1276 -  8 Feb 1314         Elena (Helenę Angelina)(f)         (b. 124. - d. 1314)
 8 Feb 1314 -  6 Jan 1322  Stefan Konstantin                  (b. 128. - d. 1323)
 6 Jan 1322 - 21 Aug 1331  Stefan Dušan                       (b. 1308 - d. 1355)
21 Aug 1331 - May 1362     direct Serbian rule
Lords of Zeta and Littoralą (in Skadar [Shkodra])
May 1362 - 15 Jan 1373     Stracimir Balšić                   (b. 133. - d. 1373)
                            - jointly with the following two -
May 1362 - 13 Jan 1378     Đurađ (Djuradj) Balšić             (b. 133. - d. 1378)
May 1362 - 18 Sep 1385     Balša Balšić                       (b. 133. - d. 1385)
18 Sep 1385 - Apr 1403     Đurađ (Djuradj) Stracimirović      (b. 136. - d. 1403)
                             (in Ulcinj)
Apr 1403 - 28 Apr 1421     Balša Đurađović (Djuradjović)      (b. 1387 - d. 1421)
                             (Balša Gjurgević)
Apr 1403 - 1405            Elena Lazarević (f) -Regent        (b. c.1370 - d. 1443)
 28 Apr 1421 - 1435         direct Serbian rule
Lords of Zetaą (in Skadar [Shkodra])
 1435 - Jan 1465            Stěpan Gjurgević                   (b. 13.. - d. 1465)
 Jan 1465 - Jul 1490        Ivan (Jovan) Stěpanović            (b. 143. - d. 1490)
Jul 1490 - Nov 1496        Đurađ (Djuradj) Ivanović           (b. 147. - d. 1504)
Sanjak Bey of Karadağ
1513 - 1528/30             Iskender-beg Ivanbegovic           (d. 1528/30)
                             (Staniša Crnojević)    
Bishops and Governors (and from 16th cent. Vladika i upravitelj Crne Gore)(in Cetinje)ą
Nov 1496 - 1520            Vavila (Vavil)(bishop from c.1493)
 1520                       Roman
1520 - 1530                German II
 1530                       Pavel
1530 - 1532                Romil (1st time)                   (b. 15.. - d. c.1560)            
1532 - 1540                Vasilije I
 1540                       Nikodim 
 1540 - 1550                Romil (2nd time)                   (s.a.)
 1550 - 1558                Makarije
1558 - 1559                Dionisije
1559 - 1561                Romil II
1561 - 1568                Ruvim I                            (b. 15.. - d. 156.)
 1568 - 1573                Pahomije (Pachomius) II Komanin    (b. 15.. - d. 157.)
1573 - 1582                Gerasim
1582 - 1591                Venijamin                          (b. 15.. - d. 159.)
 1591 - 1593                Stefan
1593 - 1637                Ruvim II Njeguš                    (b. 15.. - d. c.1640)
Jul 1637 - 1647            Mardarije Kornećanin (1st time)    (b. 15.. - d. c.1662)
1647 - 1654                Visarion I Kolinović
1654 - 1662                Mardarije Kornećanin (2nd time)    (s.a.)
1662 - Aug 1685            Ruvim III Boljević                 (b. 16.. - d. 1685)
 1685                       Vasilije II (not consecrated?)
1685 - Jul 1692            Visarion II Borilović Bajica       (b. 16.. - d. 1692)
 1692 - 19 Jul 1697         Savatije (Sava I) Kaluđeričić      (b. 1612? - d. 1697)
                            (Kaluđerović)(Kaludjerović) Očinić     
                            (consecrated 27 Nov 1694)
19 Jul 1697 -  4 Jan 1735  Danilo I Šćepčev Petrović          (b. c.1670 - d. 1735)
 4 Jan 1735 -  7 Mar 1781  Sava II Ivanov Petrović            (b. c.1700 - d. 1781)
                             (co-adjutor 1719-1735)
11 Aug 1750 - 10 Mar 1766  Vasilije Radulov Petrović -Regent  (b. 1709 - d. 1766)
17 Oct 1767 - 22 Sep 1773  Šćepan "Mali" ("the Short")        (b. c.1734 - d. 1773) 
                             (false Russian Emperor Peter III; titled 
                             Tsar and given civil authority by Sava II)
 7 Mar 1781 - 15 May 1784  Arsenije Plamenac -Regent          (b. c.1700 - d. 1784)
Mar 1782 - 18 Oct 1830     Petar I Petrović Njegoš            (b. 1747 - d. 1830)
19 Oct 1830 - 19 Oct 1851  Petar II Petrović Njegoš           (b. 1813 - d. 1851)
20 Oct 1851 -  1 Jan 1852  Pero Petrović Njegoš -Regent       (b. 1811 - d. 1854)
                             (regent; assumes style, but not position, of Prince)
 1 Jan 1852 - 13 Mar 1852  Danilo II Petrović Njegoš          (b. 1826 - d. 1860)
Princesą
13 Mar 1852 - 13 Aug 1860  Danilo I (= Danilo II)             (s.a.)
13 Aug 1860 - 28 Aug 1910  Nikola I                           (b. 1841 - d. 1921)
Kingą
28 Aug 1910 - 26 Nov 1918  Nikola I                           (s.a.)
                             (in France exile from 14 Jan 1916)
Austro-Hungarian Military Governors-general
14 Jan 1916 - 29 Feb 1916  Hermann Albin Josef Freiherr       (b. 1854 - d. 1924)
                             Kövess von Kövessháza
                            (commandant of the 3rd Army)
 1 Mar 1916 - 16 Jul 1917  Viktor Maria Willibald Weber Edler (b. 1861 - d. 1932)
                             von Webenau   
16 Jul 1917 - 11 Oct 1918  Heinrich Karl Maria Graf Clam-     (b. 1863 - d. 1932)
                             Martinic
12 Oct 1918 -  4 Nov 1918  Karl Freiherr von Pflanzer-Baltin  (b. 1855 - d. 1925)
                            (commandant of the Army Group Albania)
Serbian Military Commandant (of Adriatic Troops)       
 5 Nov 1918 - 29 Nov 1918  Dragutin Milutinović               (b. 1865 - d. 1941)
President of the Central Executive Committee for the Union of Serbia and Montenegro 
 5 Nov 1918 - 26 Nov 1918  Svetozar Tomić (in Berane)         (b. 1872 - d. 1954)           
President of the Great National Assembly of the Serb People in Montenegro
26 Nov 1918 - 28 Nov 1918  Savo Cerović
President of the National Executive Committee
28 Nov 1918 - 29 Apr 1919  vojvoda Stevo Petrović Vukotić     (b. 1861 - d. 1922)  Mil
Yugoslav Commissioner of the Royal Government for Montenegro 
29 Apr 1919 - 28 Apr 1922  Ivan "Ivo" Pavićević               (b. 1869 - d. 1926)  Non-party   
Great Prefects (veliki župan) of Zeta
26 Apr 1922 - 14 Jun 1927  Milovan Đaković (Djaković)
14 Jun 1927 -  9 Oct 1929  Janićije Krasojević                (b. 1886 - d. 1967)
Bans of the Zeta
 9 Oct 1929 - 10 Jan 1931  Krsto Smiljanić                    (b. 1868 - d. 1944)
 10 Jan 1931 -  4 Jul 1932  Uroš Krulj                         (b. 1875 - d. 1961)
 4 Jul 1932 - 23 Apr 1934  Aleksa Stanišić                    (b. 1877 - d. 1934)
 23 Apr 1934 - 13 Aug 1936  Risto "Mujo" Sočica                (d. 1941)
 13 Aug 1936 - 25 May 1939  Petar Ivanišević                   (b. 1878 - d. 1961)
 25 May 1939 - 27 Mar 1941  Božidar Krstić
27 Mar 1941 - 17 Apr 1941  Blažo Đukanović (Djukanović)       (b. 1883 - d. 1943)  Mil
Italian Commandant (of 14th Army Corps)(in Podgorica)
 18 Apr 1941 - Jul 1941     Luigi Mentasti                     (b. 1883 - d. 1958)  Mil
Italian Civil Commissioner (from 22 May 1941, High Commissioner) for Montenegro
(from 12 Jul 1941, also styled Regent [Namjesnik [Reggente])
 30 Apr 1941 - 23 Jul 1941  Serafino, conte Mazzolini          (b. 1890 - d. 1945)  PNF 
                             (= Grof Serafino Macolini)
President of the Assembly
 12 Jul 1941 - Jul 1941     Mihailo Ivanović                   (b. 1874 - d. 1949)  CFS
Italian Governors of Montenegro (in Cetinje)
 23 Jul 1941 - 21 Jul 1943  Alessandro, principe Pirzio Biroli (b. 1877 - d. 1962)  Mil
 21 Jul 1943 - 10 Sep 1943  Curio, conte Barbasetti di Prun    (b. 1885 - d. 1962)  Mil
 German Military Commander in Albania and Montenegro
  9 Sep 1943 - 31 May 1944  Theodor Geib                       (b. 1885 - d. 1944)  Mil
 German General Representative in Montenegro     
 1 Jun 1944 - 17 Nov 1944  Wilhelm Keiper                     (b. 1893 - d. 1957)  Mil
 German Commanding General (of the 21st Mountain Army Corps)
 21 Oct 1944 - 17 Nov 1944  Ernst Ulrich Hans von Leyser       (b. 1889 - d. 1962)  Mil   
President of the Presidency
27 Dec 1990 - 15 Jan 1993  Momir Bulatović                    (b. 1956 - d. 2019) SKCG;1991 DPS
Presidents
15 Jan 1993 - 15 Jan 1998  Momir Bulatović                    (b. 1956)            DPS
15 Jan 1998 - 25 Nov 2002  Milo Đukanović (Djukanović)        (b. 1962)            DPS
                             (1st time)
25 Nov 2002 - 19 May 2003  Filip Vujanović (1st time)         (b. 1954)            DPS
                             (acting)
19 May 2003 - 22 May 2003  Rifat Rastoder                     (b. 1950 - d. 2023)  SDP
                           + Dragan Kujović                   (b. 1948 - d. 2010)  DPS
                           (acting)
22 May 2003 - 20 May 2018  Filip Vujanović (2nd time)         (s.a.)               DPS
20 May 2018 - 20 May 2023  Milo Đukanović (Djukanović)        (s.a.)               DPS
                             (2nd time)
20 May 2023 -              Jakov Milatović                    (b. 1986)            PES

Governors (Guvernadur)
16.. - 1...                Đikan Vukotić(Dijkan Vukotić)
 1... - 1718                Vukota/Vukajle Vukotić (Ozrinić)  
1718 - 17..                Staniša (Stano) Popov Randonjić
171. - 173.                Stefan Kovačević
173. - 17..                Vukadin Vukotić        
Nov 1756 - 17 Mar 1758     Stanislav Vukolajev Radonjić       (b. 1690 - d. 1758)   
1758 - 1762                Vukolaj Stanov Radonjić            (b. 17.. - d. 1765)
1762 - 1764                ... Vukotić
1764 -  8 Jul 1803         Jovan Stanov Radonjić              (b. 1748 - d. 1803)
 15 May 1804 - 17 Nov 1831  Vukolaj Jovanov Randonjić          (b. 1765 - d. 1832)
 17 Nov 1831                Post abolished
Prime ministers (Presidents of the Council of Ministers)
20 Mar 1879 - 18 Dec 1905  Božo Petrović-Njegoš               (b. 1846 - d. 1929)  Non-party
18 Dec 1905 - 23 Nov 1906  Lazar Mijušković (1st time)        (b. 1867 - d. 1936)  PNS
23 Nov 1906 - 31 Jan 1907  Marko Radulović                    (b. 1866 - d.af.1935)Non-party
31 Jan 1907 - 16 Apr 1907  Andrija Radović (1st time)         (b. 1872 - d. 1947)  NS
16 Apr 1907 - 18 Jun 1912  Lazar Tomanović                    (b. 1845 - d. 1932)  Non-party 
18 Jun 1912 -  7 May 1913  Mitar Boškov Martinović            (b. 1870 - d. 1954)  Mil
 7 May 1913 - 15 Jul 1915  Janko Stankov Vukotić              (b. 1866 - d. 1927)  Mil
16 Jul 1914 - 15 Jul 1915  Risto Popović (acting for Vukotić) (b. 1871 - d. 1924)  PNS   
15 Jul 1915 -  2 Jan 1916  Milo Matanović (1st time)          (b. 1879 - d. 1955)  Mil
 2 Jan 1916 - 11 May 1916  Lazar Mijušković (2nd time)        (s.a.)               PNS
                             (in France exile from 13 Jan 1916)
11 May 1916 - 16 Jan 1917  Andrija Radović (2nd time)         (s.a.)               NS
                             (in Bordeaux, France exile to Oct 1916;
                             from Oct 1916 in Neuilly-sur-Seine)
16 Jan 1917 - 10 Jun 1917  Milo Matanović (2nd time)          (s.a.)               Mil
                             (in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France exile)
10 Jun 1917 - 26 Nov 1918  Evgenije Popović                   (b. 1842 - d. 1931)  Non-party
                             (in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France exile)
Chairman of the Advisory Council 
28 Apr 1941 - 22 May 1941  Jovo Popović                       (b. 1905 - d. 1952)  Non-party?
Prime minister
12 Jul 1941 - 1941         Sekula Drljević                    (b. 1884 - d. 1945)  CFS
Presidents of the National Committee (in opposition)
1941 - 1943                Blažo Đukanović (Djukanović)       (s.a.)               Mil/chetnik
1943                       Ljubo Vukčević                     (d. 1943)            Mil/chetnik
Chairman of the Montenegrin State Council
Jul 1944 - May 1945        Sekula Drljević                    (s.a.)               Mil/chetnik
                              (in Zagreb, Croatia [from May 1945 Austria] exile)
Prime ministers 
15 Feb 1991 -  5 Feb 1998  Milo Đukanović (Djukanović)        (s.a.)              SKCG;1991 DPS
                             (1st time)
 5 Feb 1998 -  8 Jan 2003  Filip Vujanović                    (s.a.)               DPS
 5 Nov 2002 -  8 Jan 2003  Dragan Đurović (Djurović)          (b. 1959)            DPS
                             (acting for Vujanović)
 8 Jan 2003 - 10 Nov 2006  Milo Đukanović (2nd time)          (s.a.)               DPS
10 Nov 2006 - 29 Feb 2008  Željko Šturanović                  (b. 1960 - d. 2014)  DPS
29 Feb 2008 - 29 Dec 2010  Milo Đukanović (3rd time)          (s.a.)               DPS
29 Dec 2010 -  4 Dec 2012  Igor Lukšić                        (b. 1976)            DPS
 4 Dec 2012 - 28 Nov 2016  Milo Đukanović (4th time)          (s.a.)               DPS
28 Nov 2016 -  4 Dec 2020  Duško Marković                     (b. 1958)            DPS
 4 Dec 2020 - 28 Apr 2022  Zdravko Krivokapić                 (b. 1958)            Non-party
28 Apr 2022 - 31 Oct 2023  Dritan Abazović                    (b. 1985)            URA
31 Oct 2023 -              Milojko "Mickey" Spajić            (b. 1987)            PES
 
Kingdom of Montenegro in Exile

[Montenegro state flag 1910-1918]

Kingsą
26 Nov 1918 -  1 Mar 1921  Nikola I Petrović Njegoš         (s.a.)
                            (in France exile from 14 Jan 1916
                              [to Mar 1916 in Lyon; Mar - Oct 1916
                             in Bordeaux; Oct 1916 - 1920 in
                             Neuilly-sur-Seine; from 1920 in Antibes])
 1 Mar 1921 -  7 Mar 1921  Danilo I Petrović Njegoš         (b. 1871 - d. 1939)
                            (in San Remo, Italy exile)
 7 Mar 1921 - 14 Sep 1929  Mihailo I Petrović Njegoš        (b. 1908 - d. 1986)
                            (in San Remo, Italy exile)
 7 Mar 1921 - 14 Sep 1929  Regents
                             (in San Remo, Italy exile)
                           - Queen Milena Petrov Vukotić (f)(b. 1847 - d. 1923)
                              (to 16 Mar 1923) 
                           - Anto Mićunov Gvozdenović       (b. 1853 - d. 1935)  Mil 

Prime ministers 
26 Nov 1918 - 17 Feb 1919  Evgenije Popović                 (s.a.)               Non-party
                              (in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France exile)
Dec 1918 - 17 Feb 1919     Pero Đ. Šoć (acting for Popović) (b. 1884 - d. 1966)
17 Feb 1919 - 28 Jun 1921  Jovan Simonov Plamenac (1st time)(b. 1873 - d. 1944)  PNS
                             (in San Remo, Italy exile)
28 Jun 1921 - 14 Sep 1922  Milutin Mijajlov Vučinić         (b. 1869 - d. 1922)  Mil
                             (in San Remo, Italy exile)
14 Sep 1922 - 23 Oct 1923  Jovan Simonov Plamenac (2nd time)(s.a.)               PNS
 23 Oct 1923 - 14 Sep 1929  Anto Mićunov Gvozdenović         (s.a.)               Mil
                            (in San Remo, Italy exile)

 ątitle of the rulers (minor and major variations in exist):
 (a) to 1077 (in Greek): Árchontes Diókleias ("Rulers of Dioclea"), (in Slavic): Knezi duklje ("Princes of Duklja");
(b) 1077 - Jan 1186 (in Latin): Dioclie atque Dalmatie Rex ("Dioclean and Dalmatian King");
 (c) Jan 1186 - 1331: Knezi velie zetskie ("Grand Princes of Zeta");
 (d) May 1362 - 1435: Samodržavnie gospodini vsoi zetskoi i pomorskoi zemli ("Sovereign Lords of All Lands of the Zeta and Littoral");
 (e) 1435 - Nov 1496: Gospodari Zetě ("Grand Lords of Zeta");
 (f) 18th cent.: Vladika Cetinjski ("Lord of Cetinji");
 (g) c.1830 - 1852: Vladika Crnogorski i Brcki ("Lord of Montenegro and the Highlands");
(h) 13 Mar 1852 - 28 Aug 1910: Po milosti Božjoj, knjaz i gospodar slobodne Crne Gore i Brdah ("By the grace of God, Prince and Lord of Free Montenegro and the Highlands"); 
(i) 28 Aug 1910 - 26 Nov 1918/1929: Po milosti Božjoj, kralj i gospodar Crne Gore ("By the grace of God, King and Lord of Montenegro").

Territorial Disputes: Kosovo ratified the border demarcation agreement with Montenegro in Mar 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed.

Noble Titles: bey, beg = chieftain; conte, graf = count; freiherr = baron; knez, fürst, principe, prinz = prince; vladika = lord.

Party abbreviations: DPS = Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crna Gore (Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, populist, nationalist, liberal, from c.2010 pro-European, formerly democratic socialist, former SKGC, est.22 Jul 1991); PES = Pokret "Evropa sad!" ("Europe Now!" Movement, centrist, populist, economic and social liberal, anti-corruption, pro-European, est.26 Jun 2022); SDP = Socijaldemokratska Partija Crne Gore (Social Democratic Party of Montenegro, socialist, est.12 Jun 1993); SNP = Socijalistička Narodna Partija Crne Gore (Socialist People's Party of Montenegro, center-left, social democratic, social conservative, pro-European from 2007, pro-Serbia union to 2007, federalist to 2007, split from DPS, est.18 Feb 1998); URA = Građanski Pokret Ujedinjena Reformska Akcija (Civic Movement United Reform Action, green liberal, progressive, social liberal, center-left, pro-European, split from SDP, est.14 Mar 2015); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: CFS = Crnogorska Federalistička Stranka (Montenegrin Federalist Party, Montenegro nationalist, 1922-1945); KPCG = Komunistička Partija Crne Gore (Communist Party of Montenegro, communist, state party, Oct 1948-1952, renamed SKCG); LSCG = Liberalni Savez Crne Gore (Liberal Alliance of Montenegro, liberal, pro-Montenegro independence, 26 Jan 1990-Mar 2005); NS = Narodna Stranka (People's Party, pro-democracy, pro-Serbia union, 1906-1919, 1990-2017); PNF = Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party, Italian fascist, nationalist, 9 Nov 1921-27 Jul 1943); PNS = Prava Narodna Stranka (Right People's Party, supporters of King Nikola, split from NS, 1907-1913, merged into NS); SKCG = Savez Komunista Crne Gore (League of Communists of Montenegro, communist, state party, former KPCG, 1952-22 Jul 1991, renamed DPS)


Socialist Republic of Montenegro

[Flag of Socialist Republic of Montenegro 1946-1993 (Yugoslavia)]
31 Dec 1946 - 27 Apr 1992
  8 Feb 1942                National Liberation Committee for Montenegro and Boka Kotorska
                             (Narodnooslobodilački odbor za Crnu Goru i Boku Kotorsku)
                             established at Ostrog.
15 Nov 1943                Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of
                             Montenegro and Boka Kotorska (Zemaljsko antifašističko
                             vijeće narodnog oslobođenja Crne Gore i Boke), from 14 Jul
                             1944, Montenegrin Anti-Fascist Assembly of the People's
                             Liberation (ASNO)(Crnogorska Antifašistička Skupština Narodnog
                             Oslobođenja) established, in opposition to occupation.
29 Nov 1943                Re-incorporation into Yugoslavia declared, in opposition to
                             occupation.
14 Jul 1944                Montenegro (Crna Gora); also in use Federal Montenegro
                             (Federalna Crna Gora)(within Yugoslavia).
31 Jan 1946                People's Republic of Montenegro (Narodna Republika Crna Gora)
                             (within Yugoslavia).
15 Feb 1946                Name of the state is approved in accordance with a law passed by
                             the National Assembly.
 7 Apr 1963                Socialist Republic of Montenegro (Socijalistička Republika Crna
                             Gora)(within Yugoslavia)
 2 Aug 1991                Republic of Montenegro (Republika Crna Gora).

Secretary of the Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia
for Montenegro (and to 14 Jul 1944, Boka Kotorska)
May 1943 - 1949            Blažo Jovanović                    (b. 1907 - d. 1976)
Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Montenegro
(from 7 Nov 1952, League of Communists of Montenegro)
1949 - 29 Jun 1963         Blažo Jovanović                    (s.a.)
29 Jun 1963 - Oct 1966     Đorđije "Đoko" Pajković            (b. 1917 - d. 1980)
                             (Djordje "Djoka" Pajković)     
Presidents of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro
Oct 1966 - 14 Dec 1968     Đorđije "Đoko" Pajković            (s.a.)
14 Dec 1968 - 21 Mar 1977  Veselin Đuranović (Djuranović)     (b. 1925 - d. 1997)
21 Mar 1977 -  1 Jul 1982  Vojislav "Vojo" Srzentić           (b. 1934)
Presidents of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists
of Montenegro
 1 Jul 1982 - May 1984     Dobroslav "Toro" Čulafić           (b. 1926 - d. 2011)
May 1984 - 30 Jul 1984     Vidoje Žarković                    (b. 1927 - d. 2000)
30 Jul 1984 - May 1986     Marko Orlandić                     (b. 1930 - d. 2019)
May 1986 - 11 Jan 1989     Miljan Radović                     (b. 1933 - d. 2015)
11 Jan 1989 - 26 Apr 1989  Veselin Vukotić (acting)           (b. 1949)
26 Apr 1989 - 28 Apr 1989  Milica Pejanović Đurišić (f)       (b. 1959)
                             (Djurišić) (acting)
28 Apr 1989 - 22 Jun 1991  Momir Bulatović                    (b. 1956 - d. 2019)
 
President of the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of
Montenegro and Boka Kotorska
15 Nov 1943 - 14 Jul 1944  Nikola Miljanić                    (b. 1892 - d. 1957)  Non-party
President of the Montenegrin Anti-Fascist Assembly for the National Liberation
14 Jul 1944 - 15 Apr 1945  Nikola Miljanić                    (s.a.)               Non-party
President of the Montenegrin National Assembly
15 Apr 1945 - 31 Jan 1946  Miloš Rašović                      (b. 1893 - d. 1988)  KPJ
President of the National Assembly
31 Jan 1946 - 21 Nov 1946  Miloš Rašović                      (s.a.)               KPJ
President of the Presidium of the Constituent Assembly
21 Nov 1946 - 31 Dec 1946  Miloš Rašović                      (s.a.)               KPJ
Presidents of the Presidium of the National Assembly
31 Dec 1946 -  6 Nov 1950  Miloš Rašović                      (s.a.)              KPJ;1948 KPCG
 6 Nov 1950 -  4 Feb 1953  Nikola Kovačević                   (b. 1890 - d. 1964)  KPCG;
Presidents of the National Assembly                                                1952 SKCG
 4 Feb 1950 - 16 Dec 1953  Nikola Kovačević                   (s.a.)               SKCG
16 Dec 1953 - 14 Jul 1962  Blažo Jovanović                    (s.a.)               SKCG
14 Jul 1962 - 25 Jun 1963  Filip Bajković                     (b. 1910 - d. 1985)  SKCG
Presidents of the Assembly
25 Jun 1963 -  5 May 1967  Andrija Mugoša                     (b. 1912 - d. 2006)  SKCG
 5 May 1967 -  6 Oct 1969  Veljko Milatović                   (b. 1921 - d. 2004)  SKCG
 6 Oct 1969 -  6 May 1974  Vidoje Žarković                    (s.a.)               SKCG
Presidents of the Presidency
 6 May 1974 -  7 May 1982  Veljko Milatović                   (s.a.)               SKCG
 7 May 1982 -  6 May 1983  Veselin Đuranović                  (s.a.)               SKCG
 6 May 1983 -  7 May 1984  Marko Orlandić                     (s.a.)               SKCG
 7 May 1984 -  7 May 1985  Miodrag Vlahović                   (b. 1930)            SKCG
 7 May 1985 -  6 May 1986  Branislav Šoškić                   (b. 1922 - d. 2022)  SKCG
 6 May 1986 -  6 May 1988  Radivoje Brajović                  (b. 1935)            SKCG
 6 May 1988 - 15 Feb 1989  Božina Ivanović                    (b. 1931 - d. 2002)  SKCG
15 Feb 1989 - 17 Mar 1989  Slobodan Simović (acting)          (b. 1939 - d. 1998)  SKCG
                             (president of organizational political council)
17 Mar 1989 - 27 Dec 1990  Branko Kostić                      (b. 1939 - d. 2020)  SKCG
27 Dec 1990 - 15 Jan 1993  Momir Bulatović                    (s.a.)               SKCG

Minister for Montenegro (part of Yugoslav government)
 7 Mar 1945 - 17 Apr 1945  Milovan Đilas (Djilas)             (b. 1911 - d. 1993)  KPJ
President of People's Government (prime minister)
17 Apr 1945 -  4 Feb 1953  Blažo Jovanović                    (s.a.)             KPJ;1948 KPCG;
Presidents of the Executive Council of the National Assembly                       1952 SKCG
 4 Feb 1953 - 16 Dec 1953  Blažo Jovanović                    (s.a.)               SKCG
16 Dec 1953 - 14 Jul 1962  Filip Bajković                     (s.a.)               SKCG
14 Jul 1962 - 25 Jun 1963  Đorđije "Đoko" Pajković            (s.a.)               SKCG
Presidents of the Executive Council of the Assembly
25 Jun 1963 -  8 Dec 1966  Veselin Đuranović                  (s.a.)               SKCG
 8 Dec 1966 -  5 May 1967  Mijuško Šibalić                    (b. 1915 - d. 1995)  SKCG
 5 May 1967 -  7 Oct 1969  Vidoje Žarković                    (s.a.)               SKCG
 7 Oct 1969 -  6 May 1974  Žarko Bulajić                      (b. 1922 - d. 2009)  SKCG
 6 May 1974 - 28 Apr 1978  Marko Orlandić                     (s.a.)               SKCG
28 Apr 1978 -  7 May 1982  Momčilo Cerović                    (b. 1928 - d. 2001)  SKCG
 7 May 1982 -  6 Jun 1986  Radivoje Brajović                  (s.a.)               SKCG
 6 Jun 1986 - 29 Mar 1989  Vuko Vukadinović                   (b. 1937 - d. 1993)  SKCG
29 Mar 1989 - 15 Feb 1991  Radoje Kontić                      (b. 1937)            SKCG

Party abbreviations: DPS = Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crna Gore (Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, democratic socialist, nationalist, former SKCG, est.22 Jul 1991); KPCG = Komunistička Partija Crne Gore (Communist Party of Montenegro, communist, state party, Oct 1948-1952, renamed SKCG); KPJ = Komunisticka Partija Jugoslavije (Communist Party of Yugoslavia, state party from 1945, communist, 12 Apr 1919-7 Nov 1952, renamed SKJ); SKCG = Savez Komunista Crne Gore (League of Communists of Montenegro, communist, state party, former KPCG, 1952-22 Jul 1991, renamed DPS)

Boka Kotorska (Bay of Kotor) (Cattaro)

Map of Bay of Kotor
Capital: Kotor (Cattaro)
 Population: 33,000
(1807)

1391 - 1420                Kotor (Cattaro) an independent city state.
1420                       Part of Venetian Republic (Bocche di Cattaro)(see Dalmatia
                             under Croatia).
1687                       Venetian possessions in present-day Montenegro (Boka Kotorska and
                             coastal Montenegro) organized as one administrative unit named
                             "Albania Veneta," which is subordinated to Venetian Dalmatia.
 4 Oct 1797                Occupied by Austria.
 24 Aug 1798                Part of Austria.
23 Nov 1804                Cattaro submitted to Dalmatia.
26 Dec 1805                Ceded to France by Austria in the Treaty of Pressburg, but not
                             transferred.
 4 Mar 1806 - 26 Aug 1807  Russian occupation.
 7 Jul 1807                Ceded to France by Russia by the Treaty of Tilsit.
26 Aug 1807                French rule; part of Dalmatia province [from 24 Mar 1808 General
                             Inspectorate of Dalmatia] of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
14 Oct 1809                Annexed to France as part of the Illyrian provinces (and part
                             of its province of Raguse-et-Bouches-du-Cattaro (de jure 25 Dec
                             1809?).
 5 Jan 1814                French garrison in Cattaro (Kotor) fort surrenders.
 5 Jan 1814 - 12 Jan 1814  British occupation of Cattaro (Kotor).
12 Jan 1814 - 10 Jun 1814  Ruled by a central commission, based in Dobrota under the
                             ruler of Montenegro.
10 Jun 1814                Restored to Austria; part of Austrian crownland of Dalmatia
                             (see under Croatia).
 1 Dec 1918                Part of Yugoslavia (part of Croatia).
17 Apr 1941 - 15 Sep 1943  Italian occupation of Boka Kotorska.
 7 Jun 1941 - 15 Sep 1943  Annexed by Italy, as the province of Cattaro (provincia di Cattaro)
                             (including Cattaro [Kotor], Canali [Konavle], Dobrota [Dobroto],
                             Gruda [Gruda], Perasto [Perast], Castelnuovo [Herceg Novi], Zuppa
                             [Lastva Grbaljska], and islands of Cazza [Sušac], Saseno [Sazan])
                             (by Royal legislative decree No. 452 of 18 May 1941).
 7 Jun 1941 - 19 Aug 1943  Subordinated to the Italian Governorate of Dalmatia.
 8 Sep 1943 - 19 Sep 1943  Administration loyal to the Kingdom of Italy under Pietro Badoglio.
15 Sep 1943 - 21 Nov 1944  German military administration (Militärverwaltung Kotor)
                             (but claimed by Independent State of Croatia, as part of
                             velika župa Dubrava).
 21 Nov 1944                Re-incorporated into Yugoslavia.
15 Apr 1945                Part of Montenegro.

Counts (Conti di Cattaro)
1373 - 1399                Giorgio da Zara
Jul 1399 - Aug 1399        Biagio Abraso
Aug 1399 - Oct 1399        Biagio Golia
Oct 1399 - Nov 1399        Matteo de Palma
Nov 1399 - Dec 1399        Marino Drago
Dec 1399 - Apr 1400        Michele Bucchia
Apr 1400 - 1417            Marino Mesca
1417 - 1419                Giorgio
1419 - 1420                Marino Pacchi
1420                       Marino Bisanti
Venetian Counts (Conti di Bocche di Cattaro)
 1420 - 1421                Antonio delle Boccole
                            (Conte e Capitano)
1421 - 1423                Marco Barbarigo
                            (Provveditore e Conte)
1423 - 1425                Stefano Querini
 1425 - 1427                Pietro Duodo
 1427 - 1429                Zuanne Balbi
 1429 - 1432                Niccolň Pisani
 1432 - 1434                Antonio Pesaro
 1434 - 1436                Lorenzo (or Vincenzo) Vitturi
 1436 - 1438                Paolo Contarini  
1438 - 1440                Albano Sagredo
 1440 - 1442                Pietro Dalmario
 1442 - 1444                Leonardo Bembo
 1444 - 1447                Zuanne Nani
 1447                       Nicolň Miani
 1447 - 1449                Jacopo (or Giacomo) Morosini
 1449                       Leone da Molin
 1449 - 1451                Zuanne Lion
 1451 - 1453                Lodovico Barbo
 1453                       Nicolň Soranzo
 1453 - 1454                Nicolň Trevisan
 1454 - 1456                Zuanne Barbo
 1456 - 1457                Paolo Barbo
 1457 - 1459                Alvise Duodo
 1459 - 1462                Antonio Donŕ (or Donato)
 1462 - 1465                Paolo Priuli
 1465 - 1467                Alvise (or Lodovico) Bon
 1467 - 1469                Eustachio ("Stae") Balbi
 1469 - 1472                Bertuccio Gabriel
 1472 - 1474                Michele Michiel
 1474 - 1477                Giovanni Donato
 1477 - 1480                Francesco Lippomano
 Venetian Rectors and Superintendents
(Rettori e provveditori della cittŕ di Cattaro)
 1480 - 1483                Antonio Ferro di Giovanni
 1483 - 1485                Marin Zeno
 1485 - 1486                Francesco Lion
 1486 - 1488                Francesco Basadonna
 1488 - 1489                Priamo Trón
 1489 - 1491                Paolo Erizzo
 1491 - 1492                Michele Emo
 1492 - 1494                Girolamo Orio
 1494                       Lorenzo Gritti
 1494 - 1496                Zuanne Nani
 1496 - 1497                Piero Lion
 1497 - 1498                Francesco Cicogna
 1498 - 1500                Francesco Querini
 1500 - 1501                Zan Paolo Gradenigo
 1501 - 1503                Sebastiano Contarini
 1503 - 1504                Girolamo Foscarini
 1504 - 1505                Alvise Zeno
 1505 - 1507                Oliviero Contarini
 1507 - 1509                Nicolň Coppo
 1509 - Nov 1510            Paolo Vallaresso
 1510 - 1511                Marco Arimondo
 1511 - 1513                Anzolo Malipiero
 Aug 1513 - 1515            Francesco Gradenigo
 1515 - 1516                Pietro Zeno
 1516 - 1517                Bernardino da Riva
 1517 - 1519                Simone Capello
 1519 - 1520                Vincenzo Trón
 1520 - 1521                Alvise Capello
 1521 - 1523                Vettore Diedo
 1523 - 1525                Moise Venier
 1525 - 1526                Francesco Taiapiera
 1526 - 1527                Domenico Gritti
 1527 - 1528                Marco Barbo
 1528 - 1530                Alvise Muazzo
 1530 - 1532                Benedetto Valier
 1532 - 1533                Trifon Gradenigo
 1533 - 1534                Francesco Sanudo
 1534 - 1536                Andrea Valerio
 1536 - 1538                Melchiorre Michiel
 1538 - 1540                Givanni Matteo Bembo
 1540 - 1542                Alvise da Riva
 1542 - 1544                Lorenzo Salamon
 1544 - 1545                Alvise Renier
 1545 - 1546                Francesco (or Federigo) da Mosto
 1546 - 1548                Gianbattista Barbaro
 1548 - 1549                Francesco Pisani 
1549 - 1551                Valerio da Mosto  
1551 - 1552                Zan Francesco da Canal
 1552 - 1553                Paolo Donŕ (or Donato)
 1553 - 1554                Lunardo Bollani
 1554 - 1556                Benardino Renier
 1556 - 1558                Domenico Priuli
 1558 - 1560                Marin Pisani
 1560 - 1562                Delfin Valier
 1562 - 1563                Francesco Priuli
 1563 - 1565                Andrea Duodo
 1565 - 1567                Jacopo Celsi
 1567 - 1569                Alvise Minotto
 1569 - 1570                Zaccaria Salamon
 1570 - 1571                Bernardo Contarini
 1571 - 1572                Antonio Bragadin
 1572 - 1574                Zanbattista Calbo
 1574 - 1576                Benetto Erizzo
 1576 - 1579                Pellegrino Bragadin
 1579 - 1581                Marco Diedo
 1581 - 1583                Vincenzo da Canal
 1583 - 1586                Marcantonio Venier
 1586 - 1588                Andrea Gabriel
 1588 - 1590                Girolamo Pisani
 1590 - 1592                Giovanni (or Zuanne) Loredano
 1592 - 1594                Zuanne Lippomano
 1594 - 1596                Alvise Barbaro
 1596 - 1598                Zuanne Garzoni
 1598 - 1600                Zuanne Magno
 1600 - 1602                Antonio Grimani
 1602 - 1604                Zuan Marco da Molin
 1604 - 1606                Zuanfrancesco Bragadin
 1606 - 1608                Tomaso Contarini
 1608 - 1610                Francesco Morosini
 1610 - 1612                Girolamo da Molin
 1612 - 1614                Zaccaria Soranzo
 1614 - 1616                Zanfrancesco Dolfin
 1616 - 1618                Camillo Michiel
 1618 - 1620                Marcantonio Contarini
 1620 - 1623                Paris Malipiero
 1623 - 1625                Iseppo Michiel
 1625 - 1627                Pietro Morosini
 1627 - 1628                Francesco Contarini
 1628 - 1630                Girolamo Loredan
 1630 - 1633                Francesco Tiepolo
 1633 - 1635                Agostino da Canal
 1635 - 1637                Girolamo Molin
 1637 - 1638                Alesandro Contarini
 1638 - 1640                Zorzi (or Giorgio) Morosini
 1640 - 1641                Anzolo Gabriel
 1641 - 1644                Marino Pisauro
 1644 - 1646                Zuan Trevisan
 1646 - 1648                Paolo Donato
 1648 - 1650                Alvise Gabriel
 1650 - 1652                Antonio Diedo
 8 Apr 1651 -1652          Marco Bembo
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1652 - 1654                Francesco Bragadin
 1654 - 1656                Francesco Battaglia
 1656 - 1657                Tommaso Tron
 1657 - 1658                Zuan Briani
 1658 - 1659                Marcantonio Pasqualigo
 1659 - 1660                Pietro Gabriel
 1660 - 1661                Zuan Paolo Foscarini
 1661 - 1663                Nicola Calergi
 1663 - 1666                Antonio Maria Bernardo
 1666 - 1668                Alvise Foscarini
 1667                       Giacomo Loredan
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1668 - 1670                Santo Barbaro
 1670 - 1672                Leonardo Venier
 1672 - 1674                Girolamo Morosini
 1674 - 1676                Lorenzo Bembo
 1676 - 1678                Vincenzo da Riva
 1678 - 1679                Alvise Foscarini
 1679 - 1681                Lorenzo Tiepolo
 1681 - 1683                Benetto Valier
 1683 - 1685                Alessandro Beregano
 1685 - 1687                Lucio Balbi
 1687                       Alvise Marcello
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1687 - 1690                Zuan Michele Pizzamano
 1690 - 1692                Stefano Balbi
 1692 - 1694                Ferigo Papafava
1694 - 1695                Francesco Foscarini
 1695 - 1697                Filippo Bragadin
 1697 - 1699                Giovanni Silvestro Zane
 1699 - 1701                Andrea Bembo
 1701 - 1703                Francesco Dandolo
 1703 - 1704                Domenico Malipiero
 1704 - 1706                Andrea Pasqualigo
 1706 - 1708                Nicolň Barbaro
 1708 - 1709                Paolo Foscolo
 1709 - 1711                Pietro Donato
 1711 - 1713                Zanfrancesco Zorzi
 1713 - 1715                Girolamo Loredan
 1715 - 1716                Foscarino Foscarini
 1716 - 1718                Bartolo Pisani
 1718 - 1720                Angelo Barbaro
 1720 - 1722                Pietro Badoer
 1721 - 1722                Daniele Venier
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1722 - 1724                Marino da Riva
 1724 - 1726                Gianantonio Balbi
 1725                       Gabriel Bold
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1726 - 1729                Francesco Barozzi
 1729 - 1731                Jacopo (or Giacomo) Foscarini
 1731 - 1733                Gian Giacomo Querini
 1733 - 1735                Marco da Riva
 1735 - 1737                Lodovico Balbi
 1736                       Zuanne Vincenzo Don
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1737 - 1739                Marcantonio Badoer
 1739 - 1741                Pietro Donato
 1740                       Marco Querini
                           (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1741 - 1744                Marino Gheltof
 1743                       Zuan Battista Albrizzi
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1744 - 1746                Pietro Bembo
 1746 - 1747                Marino Morosini
 1747 - 1749                Antonio Delfin
 1747 - 1749                Vincenzo Gritti
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1749 - 1751                Iseppo Contarini
 1751                       Valerio Antelmi
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1751 - 1753                Lorenzo Pasqualigo
 1753                       Zan Antonio Moro di Bartolo
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1753 - 1755                Giorgio Pizzamano
 1755 - 1757                Girolamo Bragadin
 1758 - 1760                Daniel Renier
 1760 - 1763                Pietro Angelo Magno (or Manin?)
 1763 - 1765                Nicolň Soranzo
 1764                       Pietro Emo
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1765 - 1767                Lorenzo Paruta
                             (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1767 - 1769                Pasquale Cicogna
 1768 - 1771                Pasquale Cicogna
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1769 - 1771                Pier Alvise Barbaro
 1771 - 1773                Gaetano da Molin
 1773 - 1775                Gian Carlo Zorzi
 1775 - 1777                Alvise Balbi
 1777 - 1779                Zuanantonio Maria Dolfin (or Delfin)
 1778                       Agostino Soranzo
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1779                       Daniel Barbaro
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1779 - 1781                Agostino Soranzo
 1781 - 1783                Alvise Soranzo
 1783 - 1785                Gerardo Sagredo
 1783 - 1786                Domenico Marcello
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1785 - 1787                Zuan Longo
 1787 - 1789                Alvise Soranzo
 1789                       Giuseppe Diedo
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1789 - 1791                Marchio (or Marco) Querini
 1791 - 1793                Vincenzo Dolfin
 1793                       Marco Zorzi
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1793 - 1794                Francesco Dandolo
 1794 - 1795                Marco Zorzi
                            (provveditori estraordinari a Cattaro ed Albania)
1795? - 1797               Lorenzo conte di Soranzo
 Austrian Civil and Military Governor of the Province of Albania
 13 Oct 1797 - 1801         Thomas Freiherr von Brady          (b. 1752 - d. 1827)
Austrian Military Governors (commandants of the Bocca di Cattaro)
1801 - Jul 1802            Gauss von Starnberg
Jul 1802 - 1804            Franz von Nicoletti                (b. 17.. - d. 1808)
 Jun 1804 - 1806            Thomas Freiherr von Brady          (s.a.)
 1806 -  4 Mar 1806         Filippo Carlo, marchese Ghislieri  (b. 1765 - d. 1817)
                             (Ghisilieri)(commissioner)
Civil Governors
 1801 - Aug 1802            Bernhard Anton Maria Vincenz       (b. 1756 - d. 1817)
                             Freiherr von Rossetti zu
                             Roseneck (Rosenegg)
 Aug 1802 - 1806            Gian-Pietro Baroni-Cavalcabň       (b. 1773 - d. 1850?)
 Russian Military Commanders
 4 Mar 1806 - 29 Mar 1806  Genrikh Genrikhovich Belle (Belli) (b. 1764 - d. 1826)
                             (= Henry Baillie)
29 Mar 1806 - 26 Jan 1807  Dmitriy Nikolayevich Senyavin      (b. 1763 - d. 1831)
                             (commander-in-chief in Mediterranean Sea 1806-1807)
26 Jan 1807 - 26 Aug 1807  Ilya Andreyevich Baratynskiy       (b. 1776 - d. 1837)
Russian Civil Governor
 26 Jan 1807 - 26 Aug 1807  Stepan Andreyevich Sankovskiy      (b. 1750 - d. 1818)
 French Governors and Commanders of the Bouches de Cattaro
c.Aug 1807 - 1807          Louis César Gabriel Berthier       (b. 1765 - d. 1819)
                             de Berluy
c.Dec 1807                 Jean Aulay de Launay               (b. 1765 - d. 1841)
c.Jan 1808 - 1808          Jacques Alexandre Law de Lauriston (b. 1768 - d. 1828)
c.Aug 1808 - 1808          Bertrand Clauzel                   (b. 1772 - d. 1842)
1808 - 1809                Joseph Alexis, baron Delzons       (b. 1775 - d. 1812)
Mar 1809 - 1810?           Jean Mangin d'Ouince               (b. 1745 - d. 1813)
1810 - Nov? 1810           Jacques Louis Claude Vialla de     (b. 1764 - d. 1849)
                             Sommičres (1st time) (acting)
Nov 1810 - Apr 1811        Laurent Deviau de Saint-Sauveur    (b. 1756 - d. 1836)
Apr 1811 -  1 Oct 1811     Jacques Louis Claude Vialla de     (s.a.)
                             Sommičres (2nd time) (acting)
 1 Oct 1811 -  6 Jan 1812  Louis Bertrand de Sivray           (b. 1766 - d. 1850)
c.Feb 1812 -  4 Jan 1814   Jean-Joseph Gauthier               (b. 1765 - d. 1815)
Sub-delegate of Bouches-du-Cattaro
 1810 -  5 Jan 1814         Luigi Paulucci                     (b. 1774 - d. 1844)
Allied Military Commander
 5 Jan 1814 - 12 Jan 1814  William Hoste (U.K.)               (b. 1780 - d. 1828)  Mil
President of the Central Commission
12 Jan 1814 - 10 Jun 1814  Petar I Petrović Njegoš            (b. 1747 - d. 1830)
                             (Montenegro)
Italian Commandant of the Cattaro district
17 Apr 1941 -  7 Jun 1941  Giuseppe Pafundi                   (b. 1883 - d. 1969)  Mil
Prefects of the Province of Cattaro
 7 Jun 1941 - 15 Jun 1943  Francesco Scassellati Sforzolini   (b. 1901 - d. 1967)  PNF
                             (1st time)
 15 Jun 1943 - 15 Aug 1943  Mario di Emilio Pigli              (b. 1904 - d.af.1966)PNF
15 Aug 1943 -  1 Sep 1943  .... (acting)
 1 Sep 1943 - 19 Sep 1943  Umberto Sciorilli Borrelli         (b. 1892 - d. 1969)  Non-party 
19 Sep 1943 - Oct? 1943?   Francesco Scassellati Sforzolini   (s.a.)               PFR
                             (2nd time)(reggente)
                             (appointed by Germans, confirmed by Italian Social Rep.)
1943? - 21 Nov 1944        Balabušić
German Commanders of the Military Administration Kotor
 (commander of, 15 Sep - Dec 1943, 118th Jäger-division;
from Dec 1943 commanders of 181st infantry division)
15 Sep 1943 - Dec 1943     Josef Kübler                       (b. 1896 - d. 1947)  Mil
 Dec 1943 -  1 Oct 1944     Hermann Fischer                    (b. 1894 - d. 1968)  Mil
  1 Oct 1944 - 21 Nov 1944  Eugen Heinrich Bleyer              (b. 1896 – d. 1979)  Mil

Party abbreviations: PFR = Partito Fascista Repubblicano (Republican Fascist Party, Italian fascist, nationalist, republican, former PNF, only legal party of Italian Social Republic, 13 Sep 1943-28 Apr 1945); PNF = Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party, Italian fascist, nationalist, 9 Nov 1921-27 Jul 1943); Mil = Military





© Ben Cahoon