Ocean Acidification
Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Lina Hansson
The ocean helps moderate climate change thanks to its considerable capacity to store CO2, through the combined actions of ocean physics, chemistry, and biology. This storage capacity limits the amount of human-released CO2 remaining in the atmosphere. As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and carbonate ions and an increase in bicarbonate ions. The consequences of this overall process, known as "ocean acidification", are raising concerns for the biological, ecological, and biogeochemical health of the world's oceans, as well as for the potential societal implications. This research level text is the first to synthesize the very latest understanding of the consequences of ocean acidification, with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy. A prestigious list of authors has been assembled, among them the coordinators of major national and international projects on ocean acidification.
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Contents
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background and history
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1 |
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2 Past changes in ocean carbonate chemistry
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21 |
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3 Recent and future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry
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41 |
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the long view
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67 |
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5 Effects of ocean acidification on the diversity and activity of heterotrophic marine microorganisms
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83 |
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6 Effects of ocean acidification on pelagic organisms and ecosystems
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99 |
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7 Effects of ocean acidification on benthic processes organisms and ecosystems
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122 |
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8 Effects of ocean acidification on nektonic organisms
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154 |
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10 Effects of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity and ecosystem function
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192 |
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11 Effects of ocean acidification on the marine source of atmospherically active trace gases
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210 |
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12 Biogeochemical consequences of ocean acidification and feedbacks to the earth system
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230 |
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13 The ocean acidification challenges facing science and society
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249 |
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14 Impact of climate change mitigation on ocean acidification projections
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272 |
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9 Effects of ocean acidification on sediment fauna
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176 |
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Common terms and phrases
activity adaptation anthropogenic aragonite Assessment atmospheric benthic biogeochemical biological CaCO CaCO3 calcification capacity carbon carbonate chemistry cause century Chapter climate change coastal concentrations consequences coral coral reefs cycle decline decrease depth dissolution diversity Ecology ecosystems effects effects of ocean elevated emissions enhanced environment environmental et al evidence example experimental experiments extinction fish flux function future global groups growth higher impacts important increase influence Journal less levels limited lower marine mesocosm microbial natural nitrogen nutrient observed occur ocean acidification organisms oxygen past physiological phytoplankton plankton potential ppmv processes production projected range recent reduced regions regulation relative remains reported Research respect response result role saturation scenarios Science seawater sediments sensitivity significant species studies surface teleosts temperature timescales tion values variability warming waters