Pidgins and Creoles: Volume 2, Reference Survey
This second volume of John Holm's Pidgins and Creoles provides an overview of the socio-historical development of each of some one hundred known pidgins and creoles. Each variety is grouped according to the language from which it drew its lexicon - Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French, English, African and other languages. John Holm convincingly demonstrates the historical and linguistic reasons for this organisation, which also enables the reader to perceive with ease the interrelationship of all varieties within each group. The section devoted to each variety provides a discussion of its salient linguistic features and presents a brief text, usually of connected discourse, with a morpheme-by-morpheme translation. Readers thus have access to data from all known pidgins and creoles in the world, and the volume provides possibly the most comprehensive reference source on pidginization and creolization yet available. The emphasis of John Holm's first volume was on linguistic structure and theory. Each volume can be read independently, but together the two volumes of Pidgins and Creoles provide a major survey of current pidgin and creole linguistics which lays new foundations for research in the field.
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Contents
I
|
248 |
II
|
253 |
III
|
259 |
IV
|
268 |
V
|
272 |
VI
|
273 |
VII
|
275 |
VIII
|
277 |
LXXI
|
432 |
LXXII
|
433 |
LXXIII
|
438 |
LXXIV
|
442 |
LXXV
|
444 |
LXXVI
|
446 |
LXXVII
|
450 |
LXXVIII
|
452 |
IX
|
278 |
X
|
280 |
XI
|
281 |
XII
|
282 |
XIII
|
284 |
XIV
|
285 |
XV
|
288 |
XVI
|
290 |
XVII
|
291 |
XVIII
|
293 |
XIX
|
296 |
XX
|
299 |
XXI
|
304 |
XXIV
|
305 |
XXVI
|
309 |
XXVII
|
310 |
XXVIII
|
312 |
XXIX
|
316 |
XXX
|
322 |
XXXI
|
325 |
XXXII
|
329 |
XXXIII
|
333 |
XXXIV
|
335 |
XXXV
|
338 |
XXXVI
|
345 |
XXXVII
|
347 |
XXXVIII
|
350 |
XXXIX
|
353 |
XLI
|
356 |
XLII
|
359 |
XLIII
|
360 |
XLIV
|
362 |
XLV
|
368 |
XLVII
|
369 |
XLIX
|
371 |
LI
|
373 |
LII
|
374 |
LIII
|
375 |
LIV
|
376 |
LV
|
378 |
LVI
|
379 |
LVII
|
381 |
LVIII
|
382 |
LIX
|
387 |
LX
|
391 |
LXI
|
396 |
LXIII
|
400 |
LXIV
|
401 |
LXV
|
403 |
LXVI
|
405 |
LXVII
|
406 |
LXVIII
|
412 |
LXIX
|
421 |
LXX
|
426 |
LXXIX
|
455 |
LXXX
|
457 |
LXXXI
|
459 |
LXXXII
|
461 |
LXXXIII
|
466 |
LXXXIV
|
468 |
LXXXV
|
469 |
LXXXVI
|
473 |
LXXXVII
|
475 |
LXXXVIII
|
477 |
LXXXIX
|
479 |
XC
|
480 |
XCI
|
482 |
XCII
|
484 |
XCIII
|
485 |
XCIV
|
487 |
XCV
|
488 |
XCVI
|
491 |
XCVII
|
494 |
XCVIII
|
498 |
XCIX
|
503 |
C
|
506 |
CI
|
510 |
CII
|
512 |
CIII
|
517 |
CIV
|
526 |
CV
|
529 |
CVI
|
534 |
CVII
|
536 |
CVIII
|
538 |
CIX
|
541 |
CX
|
544 |
CXI
|
546 |
CXII
|
552 |
CXIII
|
555 |
CXIV
|
557 |
CXV
|
559 |
CXVI
|
561 |
CXVIII
|
562 |
CXIX
|
564 |
CXX
|
568 |
CXXI
|
571 |
CXXII
|
572 |
CXXIII
|
574 |
CXXIV
|
577 |
CXXV
|
578 |
CXXVI
|
579 |
CXXVII
|
581 |
CXXVIII
|
584 |
CXXIX
|
587 |
CXXX
|
590 |
CXXXI
|
593 |
CXXXII
|
595 |
Common terms and phrases
Afrikaans American Annobón Antillean Arabic Atlantic creoles Australia Barbados basilectal Bazaar Malay became Berbice Bickerton Black English British brought Cape Caribbean Chinese coast colony Creole English Creole French creole languages creole Portuguese creolized decreolization descendants developed dialect Dutch early eighteenth century English-based established European Fijian German groups Guinea Gullah Guyana Haitian Hancock Hawaiian Hiri Motu ibid immigrants Indians influence inhabitants islands Jamaica Jargon Krio laborers later lexical lexicon lingua franca Lingua Geral linguistic mainland marker Miskito Mühlhäusler Ndjuka Negerhollands nineteenth century notes nouns Pacific Palenquero Papia Kristang Papiamentu phonology Pidgin English pidgins and creoles plantations plural population pronoun Reinecke restructured English Réunionnais River Russenorsk Saramaccan settled settlement settlers seventeenth century Sierra Leone slaves sociolinguistic South Spanish speak speakers speech Sranan standard substrate Suriname Swahili Tok Pisin Tomé trade Trinidad varieties of creole verb vowels West Africa whites words