NATO 1948: The Birth of the Transatlantic Alliance
This compelling history brings to life the watershed year of 1948, when the United States reversed its long-standing position of political and military isolation from Europe and agreed to an "entangling alliance" with ten European nations. Not since 1800, when the United States ended its alliance with France, had the nation made such a commitment. The historic North Atlantic Treaty was signed on April 4, 1949, but the often-contentious negotiations stretched throughout the preceding year. Lawrence S. Kaplan, the leading historian of NATO, traces the tortuous and dramatic process, which struggled to reconcile the conflicting concerns on the part of the future partners. Although the allies could agree on the need to cope with the threat of Soviet-led Communism and on the vital importance of an American association with a unified Europe, they differed over the means of achieving these ends. The United States had to contend with domestic isolationist suspicions of Old World intentions, the military's worries about over extension of the nation's resources, and the apparent incompatibility of the projected treaty with the UN charter. For their part, Europeans had to be convinced that American demands to abandon their traditions would provide the sense of security that economic and political recovery from World War II required. Kaplan brings to life the colorful diplomats and politicians arrayed on both sides of the debate. The end result was a remarkably durable treaty and alliance that has linked the fortunes of America and Europe for over fifty years. Despite differences that have persisted and occasionally flared over the past fifty years, NATO continues to bind America and Europe in the twenty-first century. Kaplan's detailed and lively account draws on a wealth of primary sources--newspapers, memoirs, and diplomatic documents--to illuminate how the United States came to assume international obligations it had scrupulously avoided for the previous 150 years.
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Contents
Introduction The Isolationist Tradition 18001947
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1 |
The Speech 22 January 1948
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23 |
The Brussels Pact 17 March 1948
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49 |
The Vandenberg Resolution 11 June 1948
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75 |
The Exploratory Talks JulySeptember 1948
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105 |
The Western Union Defense Organization 19481949
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139 |
The Hiatus September December 1948
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165 |
Toward the Treaty of Washington JanuaryApril 1949
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195 |
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Common terms and phrases
Acheson Achilles allies Ambassador April Article Atlantic alliance Atlantic Pact attack Benelux Berlin Berlin blockade Bevin Bidault Bohlen Britain British Brussels Pact charter chiefs of staff Communist Congress Connally Coudenhove-Kalergi countries December democratic Department Douglas to Secretary economic Embassy Escott Reid European unity February Fingerprints on History forces foreign minister Foreign Relations France France's French FRUS Fulbright George Marshall Germany Henderson Hickerson and Achilles Italy January Kennan leaders Lemnitzer London Lovett Lyman L March Marshall Plan Massigli meeting Memorandum of conversation ment military aid military committee NARA nations NATO negotiations North Atlantic Treaty Norway Office Paris participate partners peace Pentagon political position powers president Republican role Secretary of Defense Senate September Soviet Union Spaak speech tion Truman Truman Doctrine U.S. military UN charter Vandenberg Vandenberg Resolution Washington Exploratory Talks West Western Europe Western European Western Union WEU Archives World World War II WUDO York