A Grammar of the Hindustani Or Urdu Language |
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Common terms and phrases
Accusative adjectives adverbs affix alif Aorist Arabic broken plurals causal chalte commonly compound conjunctive construction Dative dekha dekhe denote derived English fatha feminine formed by adding gender genitive Gerund hamza Hindī imperfect indefinite infinitive inflected intransitive letters likha locative long vowel masc masculine native grammarians nominative nouns of agency object particle perfect participle person plural postposition Prakrit preceding predicate prefixed preposition pronoun Sanskrit Sanskrit affix sentence short vowels signification singular substantives suffix tenses termination tive transitive transitive verbs triliteral Urdu verb verbal nouns verbal root words آپ آیا اپنے اس اگر اور ایک پر تم تها تھا تھے تو جب جو چلا چلتے دو دیکھا دیکھے سب سو سے فعل كي کا کچھ کہ کو کي کی کیا کے گھر گیا ميري میں میں نے نہ نہیں نے هم هو هوا هوتا هي ھوتے ھوں ہیں وه وہ وي یہ
Popular passages
Page 1 - Most of the letters have four forms in writing, depending on whether they occur at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a word or whether they stand separately.
Page 6 - Alusalman, it is pronounced like d: . c has a strong guttural sound, pronounced by a smart compression of the upper part of the wind-pipe, and forcible emission of the breath. Its correct pronunciation is rarely heard in India, and is scarcely to be acquired by a European. i is a guttural g, accompanied by a grating or rattling sound as in gargling, of which English affords no example.
Page 103 - the complete or entire plural,' because all the vowels and consonants of the singular are retained in it The other, which has various forms, is called j-JZj^^-janfS taksir, * the broken plural,' because it is more or less altered from the singular by the addition or elision of consonants, or the change of vowels. 121. The complete, or regular plural of masculine nouns is formed by adding to the singular the termination ^~ Una ; eg ^£/?l»- Kuziriina, from y?\»-
Page 396 - Mekka to Medina; which, according to the best accounts, took place on Friday, the 16th of July (18th new style), AD 622. Their year consists of 12 lunations, amounting to 354 days and 9 hours, very nearly; and hence their New Year's Day will happen every year about eleven days earlier than in the preceding year." " To find the Christian year corresponding to that of the Hijra, apply the following rule :—From the given number of Musalman years deduct three per cent., and to the remainder add the...
Page 281 - This signification is then transferred to the relation subsisting between any two things, the one of which is regarded as the place in which the other is, or happens, or into which it goes or is put : as Jlc <£ ^>\pr ' in the season of youth.'
Page 270 - ... as 1 It is noteworthy that Forbes's remarks on this point, although too briefly put, are perfectly sound ; and yet succeeding grammarians, who generally follow his teaching without question, have in this instance thought proper to depart from it : — " When adjectives ending in a are separated from their substantives, they not unfrequently become petrified as it were by being drawn towards a verb, and thus forming with it a sort of compound, lose their capability of change," is the teaching...
Page 46 - When two objects are compared, that with which the comparison is made generally takes the form of the ablative, the adjective itself remaining in the positive and following it : eg ^y» ^Jt Ijj ,...1 joj mohan zaid-se bam hai,
Page 239 - US i__>L— 1 ^ <^J> (j*\ what are the causes of this progress ? ' 290. If two or more subjects of different persons have a common predicate, the subjects are arranged in the order of the persons, beginning with the first, and the predicate is put in the first person plural if one of the subjects is of this person, and in the second person plural if the subjects are of the second and third persons : eg ^JjJ *j *a> let me and you run
Page 103 - ... 1 20. The plurals are of two kinds. The one, which has only a single form, is called JL> j-~>- janie salim, 'the complete or entire plural...
Page 396 - Express the Musalman date in years and decimals of a year; multiply by -97 ; to the product add 621-54 : and the sum will be the period of the Christian...