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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

FORT NELSON A *
BRITISH COLUMBIA

58°50'11.000" N
122°35'50.000" W
381.90 m
1192940
71945
YYE

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

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Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C) -20.3 -15.2 -7.6 3.0 9.7 15.1 17.1 15.1 9.2 0.5 -12.8 -18.7 -0.4 A
Standard Deviation 4.4 3.2 4.0 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.8 3.5 3.9 0.9 A
Daily Maximum (°C) -16.1 -9.5 -1.1 9.6 16.4 21.5 23.2 21.4 15.3 5.2 -8.8 -14.6 5.2 A
Daily Minimum (°C) -24.6 -20.8 -14.2 -3.6 3.0 8.6 10.9 8.8 3.1 -4.2 -16.7 -22.8 -6.0 A
Extreme Maximum (°C) 10.7 15.0 17.8 27.3 32.1 33.9 36.7 34.4 32.8 26.7 18.3 10.7
Date (yyyy/dd) 1981/ 19 1968/ 29 1966/ 29 1977/ 24 1983/ 29 1950/ 17 1942/ 01 1981/ 08 1938/ 02 1993/ 02 1969/ 02 1985/ 25
Extreme Minimum (°C) -51.7 -48.3 -39.4 -34.4 -15.0 -1.1 1.1 -4.5 -16.7 -28.6 -41.1 -47.8
Date (yyyy/dd) 1947/ 30 1947/ 02 1951/ 11 1954/ 01 1961/ 03 1957/ 10 1953/ 28 1992/ 22 1974/ 30 1984/ 30 1963/ 22 1938/ 28
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm) 0.3 0.1 0.3 7.4 42.4 62.9 78.4 70.7 37.4 12.1 0.7 0.2 312.6 A
Snowfall (cm) 28.6 22.4 27.2 15.7 7.5 0.1 0.0 0.6 3.4 23.3 35.3 26.8 190.8 A
Precipitation (mm) 21.5 14.9 18.8 18.9 49.0 63.0 78.4 71.3 40.2 32.6 25.6 18.0 452.1 A
Average Snow Depth (cm) 42 51 48 18 0 0 0 0 0 3 19 32 18 A
Median Snow Depth (cm) 42 51 49 16 0 0 0 0 0 1 19 31 17 A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 47 52 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 26 35 18 A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 4.1 5.1 5.0 20.3 42.0 52.1 71.4 80.5 38.8 19.2 5.6 1.4
Date (yyyy/dd) 1971/ 06 1945/ 26 2010/ 30 1949/ 20 1977/ 12 1945/ 09 2008/ 04 1964/ 27 2007/ 16 1996/ 11 1986/ 02 1985/ 19
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 24.6 19.6 27.8 32.2 33.8 2.6 0.0 5.0 20.3 35.3 28.4 35.3
Date (yyyy/dd) 1962/ 29 1951/ 24 2007/ 31 1988/ 30 1986/ 13 2003/ 12 1938/ 01 1991/ 27 1974/ 26 1964/ 15 1944/ 08 1947/ 27
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 20.6 19.6 21.1 25.8 42.0 52.1 71.4 80.5 38.8 35.3 28.4 35.3
Date (yyyy/dd) 2003/ 26 1951/ 24 1952/ 18 1988/ 30 1977/ 12 1945/ 09 2008/ 04 1964/ 27 2007/ 16 1964/ 15 1944/ 08 1947/ 27
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 135 142 137 101 32 0 0 1 30 35 64 73
Date (yyyy/dd) 1962/ 30 1962/ 22 1962/ 01 1989/ 03 1988/ 01 1955/ 01 1955/ 01 1987/ 31 1974/ 28 1988/ 26 1991/ 29 1991/ 21
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C 29.5 23.7 15.7 2.3 0.14 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.08 6.4 26.5 29.4 133.6 A
> 0 °C 1.5 4.5 15.3 27.8 30.9 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.9 24.6 3.6 1.6 231.6 A
> 10 °C 0.07 0.24 2.9 15.7 27.1 29.8 31.0 30.2 24.7 8.2 0.10 0.04 170.0 A
> 20 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.96 8.4 19.2 24.1 19.4 5.4 0.70 0.0 0.0 78.1 A
> 30 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.18 0.41 1.5 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 A
> 35 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C 0.0 0.07 0.23 6.2 24.4 30.0 31.0 30.7 23.5 5.0 0.03 0.0 151.1 A
<= 2 °C 31.0 28.2 30.9 27.9 12.4 0.48 0.07 1.4 11.7 29.0 30.0 31.0 234.0 A
<= 0 °C 31.0 28.2 30.8 23.8 6.6 0.03 0.0 0.31 6.5 26.0 30.0 31.0 214.2 A
< -2 °C 31.0 28.2 30.2 17.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.10 2.5 18.4 29.7 31.0 190.8 A
< -10 °C 30.5 26.5 19.9 3.0 0.18 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 25.3 29.9 139.1 A
< -20 °C 21.4 15.6 7.3 0.43 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.44 9.2 19.4 73.8 A
< - 30 °C 6.9 3.1 0.81 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 5.2 17.0 A
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 0.30 0.10 0.40 2.8 9.5 12.9 14.6 12.7 10.1 5.0 0.52 0.29 69.2 A
>= 5 mm 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.41 2.4 3.9 4.7 4.0 2.1 1.0 0.03 0.0 18.5 A
>= 10 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.1 1.0 0.18 0.0 0.0 9.0 A
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.17 0.31 0.43 0.60 0.17 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 A
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm 11.2 9.5 9.3 4.4 1.9 0.03 0.0 0.20 1.2 6.8 11.8 10.6 66.7 A
>= 5 cm 1.8 1.2 1.6 0.90 0.31 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.24 1.3 2.4 1.5 11.3 A
>= 10 cm 0.33 0.17 0.50 0.31 0.17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.57 0.62 0.36 3.1 A
>= 25 cm 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.17 A
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 10.5 8.7 8.9 6.4 10.3 12.9 14.6 12.7 10.7 10.3 11.1 9.8 126.9 A
>= 5 mm 1.0 0.53 1.1 1.2 2.9 3.9 4.7 4.0 2.3 2.3 1.3 0.68 25.9 A
>= 10 mm 0.10 0.07 0.20 0.31 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.2 1.0 0.93 0.28 0.11 11.0 A
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.17 0.31 0.43 0.60 0.17 0.04 0.0 0.0 1.8 A
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 1 cm 31.0 28.3 31.0 20.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.66 9.8 28.2 31.0 181.2 A
>= 5 cm 31.0 28.3 30.9 17.5 0.59 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.34 5.4 24.1 30.2 168.3 A
>= 10 cm 30.8 28.3 30.6 13.6 0.28 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.21 3.6 20.5 29.6 157.4 A
>= 20 cm 29.2 28.3 29.1 10.5 0.17 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.03 1.6 15.2 25.5 139.6 A
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h) 4.3 5.3 7.4 8.4 8.9 8.4 7.8 7.1 6.9 6.2 4.8 4.1 6.6 A
Most Frequent Direction N N N N N NW NW NW NW S S S N A
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 63 46 56 52 56 53 56 48 64 72 47 53
Date (yyyy/dd) 1973/ 13 1991/ 07 1994/ 04 2008/ 13 1956/ 20 1965/ 05 1960/ 07 1964/ 12 1955/ 03 1955/ 21 1976/ 04 1958/ 25
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed N NW NW NW W W W W W W NW E
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 81 83 89 89 93 83 121 93 97 105 80 84
Date (yyyy/dd) 1987/ 20 2004/ 09 1965/ 10 1968/ 09 1998/ 04 2003/ 18 1975/ 12 1980/ 19 1964/ 04 1955/ 20 1964/ 16 1959/ 05
Direction of Maximum Gust W NW W W NW NW W N N W N N
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 A
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 A
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 A
Above 18 °C 0 0 0 0 1.2 7.6 22.8 13.1 0.2 0 0 0 44.9 A
Above 15 °C 0 0 0 0 6.5 38.2 77.8 47.2 2.6 0.1 0 0 172.3 A
Above 10 °C 0 0 0 2.1 48.3 154.7 220.3 162.9 37.2 2.4 0 0 627.9 A
Above 5 °C 0 0.1 0.7 29.9 159.9 302.4 375.1 311.8 138.3 19.7 0 0 1,338 A
Above 0 °C 0.2 1.6 14.6 123 306.4 452.4 530.1 466.3 278.2 80 1.7 0.2 2254.5 A
Below 0 °C 621.6 433.1 247.4 30.7 1.7 0 0 0 0.8 56.9 382.9 582.9 2357.9 A
Below 5 °C 776.4 572.9 388.6 87.6 10.3 0.1 0 0.5 10.9 151.6 531.1 737.7 3267.5 A
Below 10 °C 931.4 714 542.8 209.8 53.7 2.3 0.2 6.6 59.8 289.3 681.1 892.7 4383.7 A
Below 15 °C 1086.4 855.2 697.8 357.7 166.8 35.8 12.7 45.9 175.2 442 831.1 1047.7 5754.3 A
Below 18 °C 1179.4 939.9 790.8 447.7 254.5 95.2 50.8 104.8 262.9 534.9 921.1 1140.7 6722.7 A
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Daily 7.5 9.9 11.5 15.3 17.4 18.3 17.0 15.4 13.4 9.7 8.4 7.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1998/ 31 1996/ 26 1990/ 24 1984/ 29 1991/ 27 1987/ 13 1989/ 11 1994/ 03 1988/ 02 1989/ 05 1987/ 01 1995/ 07
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex 9.0 13.3 16.1 26.7 33.9 36.4 41.2 36.6 32.3 26.7 17.8 10.4
Date (yyyy/dd) 1993/ 30 1968/ 29 1966/ 29 1977/ 24 1956/ 19 1955/ 24 1955/ 16 1953/ 05 1981/ 07 1993/ 02 1969/ 02 1985/ 25
Days with Humidex >= 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 3.4 2.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.8 A
Days with Humidex >= 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 A
Days with Humidex >= 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 A
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) -55 -56 -51 -38 -20 -3 0 -4 -20 -39 -52 -55
Date (yyyy/dd) 1954/ 21 1968/ 03 1955/ 03 1954/ 01 2002/ 03 1958/ 09 1953/ 01 1987/ 31 1974/ 30 1984/ 30 1985/ 26 1992/ 30
Days with Wind Chill < -20 25.3 19.8 12.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 14.6 23.4 98.1 A
Days with Wind Chill < -30 12.5 8.0 3.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.7 9.7 37.6 A
Days with Wind Chill < -40 3.9 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.6 8.3 A
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidity
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 1 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.6 A
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 73.7 75.3 75 74.4 73.7 76.6 83.5 88.1 89.8 87.8 82 75.4 79.6 A
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 71.3 63.6 50.8 41.3 42 45.2 50.5 51.6 53.8 66.3 77.9 75.2 57.5 A
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Pressure
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 96.9 97 96.9 96.8 96.8 96.6 96.7 96.8 96.7 96.6 96.6 96.8 96.8 A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 101.8 101.9 101.7 101.4 101.4 101.2 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.5 101.7 101.5 A
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Radiation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 321 606 712 337 129
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 5 10 17 25 30 31 30 27 19 12 6 3
Date (yyyy/dd) 1972/ 31 1982/ 28 1977/ 31 1975/ 29 1979/ 28 1975/ 12 1972/ 06 1978/ 01 1979/ 01 1973/ 01 1973/ 04 1971/ 03
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Visibility (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
< 1 km 5.6 2.5 4.1 3.4 5.3 3.4 7.3 16 18.3 33.8 10.1 9.2 118.9 D
1 to 9 km 104 62.4 76.1 36.2 35.9 14.3 21.7 44.9 37.4 91.1 109.1 91.9 724.8 D
> 9 km 634.4 612.2 663.8 680.4 702.9 702.4 715 683.1 664.3 619.1 600.8 642.9 7921.3 D
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
0 to 2 tenths 186.9 169.1 191.8 173.5 115.9 104.7 108.8 146.5 140.9 138.5 159.9 197.2 1833.6 D
3 to 7 tenths 141 142.3 172 187.2 213.9 229.3 236.1 216.2 186.3 152.8 131.9 142.3 2151.2 D
8 to 10 tenths 416.2 365.7 380.2 359.4 414.3 386 399.1 381.2 392.8 452.7 428.2 404.5 4780.3 D
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Date/Days Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost May 16 C
Average Date of First Fall Frost Sept 11 C
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 117 Days C
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring of 0 °C or lower on or after indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Jun 03 May 28 May 26 May 23 May 18 May 14 May 09
Probability of first temperature in fall of 0 °C or lower on or before indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Aug 24 Aug 31 Sep 05 Sep 10 Sep 15 Sep 18 Sep 25
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Days 74 101 104 111 117 123 129

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

FORT NELSON A

Province/Territory
BC
58 50 N
Country
CAN
122 36 W
Time Zone
PST
58.84 N
1192940
122.6 W
71945
381.9
YYE
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C) 1981 2010 30 0 10921 99.7
Standard Deviation 1981 2010 30 0 10921 99.7
Daily Maximum (°C) 1981 2010 30 0 10921 99.7
Daily Minimum (°C) 1981 2010 30 0 10921 99.7
Extreme Maximum (°C) 1937 2010 26619 99.7
Extreme Minimum (°C) 1937 2010 26639 99.8
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Precipitation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm) 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
Snowfall (cm) 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
Precipitation (mm) 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
Average Snow Depth (cm) 1981 2010 30 1 10885 99.3
Median Snow Depth (cm) 1981 2010 30 1 10885 99.3
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 1981 2010 30 1 358 99.5
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 1937 2010 26715 100
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 1937 2010 26715 100
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 1937 2010 26716 100
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 1955 2010 20423 99.8
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Maximum Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
<= 0 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
> 0 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
> 10 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
> 20 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
> 30 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
> 35 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Minimum Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
> 0 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
<= 2 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
<= 0 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
< -2 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
< -10 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
< -20 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
< - 30 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Rainfall
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 5 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 10 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 25 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days With Snowfall
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 5 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 10 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 25 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Precipitation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 5 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 10 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
>= 25 mm 1981 2010 30 2 10682 97.5
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Snow Depth
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 1 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10627 97
>= 5 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10627 97
>= 10 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10627 97
>= 20 cm 1981 2010 30 2 10627 97
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Speed (km/h) 1981 2010 30 0 262671 99.9
Most Frequent Direction 1981 2010 30 0 262671 99.9
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 1953 2010 508039 99.9
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 1955 2010 18994 99.8
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h 1981 2010 30 1 10713 97.8
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h 1981 2010 30 1 10713 97.8
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Degree Days
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Above 18 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Above 15 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Above 10 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Above 5 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Above 0 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Below 0 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Below 5 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Below 10 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Below 15 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Below 18 °C 1981 2010 29 3 10193 93.1
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Bright Sunshine
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Daily 1982 2002 155294 97.6
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidex
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex 1953 2010 504732 99.3
Days with Humidex >= 30 1981 2010 30 1 259487 98.7
Days with Humidex >= 35 1981 2010 30 1 259487 98.7
Days with Humidex >= 40 1981 2010 30 1 259487 98.7
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind Chill
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) 1953 2010 508028 99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -20 1981 2010 30 0 262660 99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -30 1981 2010 30 0 262660 99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -40 1981 2010 30 0 262660 99.9
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidity
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 1 259487 98.7
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 1981 2010 30 1 10805 98.6
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 1981 2010 30 1 10809 98.7
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Pressure
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 0 262638 99.9
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 0 262630 99.9
Radiation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Radiation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 1981 1982 2 0 4416 60
Extreme Global - RF1 (MJ/m2) 1971 1982 97594 95.4
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Visibility (hours with)
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
< 1 km 1981 2010 24 7 181848 69.2
1 to 9 km 1981 2010 24 7 181848 69.2
> 9 km 1981 2010 24 7 181848 69.2
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Cloud Amount (hours with)
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
0 to 2 tenths 1981 2010 24 7 181848 69.2
3 to 7 tenths 1981 2010 24 7 181848 69.2
8 to 10 tenths 1981 2010 24 7 181848 69.2
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Frost-Free
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Frost 1981 2010 24 5 24 80.0
Average Date of First Fall Frost 1981 2010 24 5 24 80.0
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 1981 2010 24 5 24 80.0
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)
10 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
25 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
33 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
50 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
66 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
75 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
90 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)
10 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
25 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
33 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
50 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
66 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
75 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
90 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)
10 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
25 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
33 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
50 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
66 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
75 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3
90 % 1938 2010 72 9 63 86.3

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