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Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 Station Data

Temperature and Precipitation Graph
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Normals Data

The minimum number of years used to calculate these Normals is indicated by a code for each element. A "+" beside an extreme date indicates that this date is the first occurrence of the extreme value. Values and dates in bold indicate all-time extremes for the location.

Data used in the calculation of these Normals may be subject to further quality assurance checks. This may result in minor changes to some values presented here.

FORT SIMPSON A *
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES

61°45'37.000" N
121°14'12.000" W
169.20 m
2202101
71946
YFS

* This station meets WMO standards for temperature and precipitation.

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Calculation Information Station / Element Metadata 1971-2000 Climate Normals

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Normals Station Data
(all elements)
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Daily Average (°C) -24.2 -20.6 -13.0 -0.4 8.7 15.3 17.4 14.7 8.2 -2.0 -15.5 -21.7 -2.8 A
Standard Deviation 4.6 3.5 3.6 2.6 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.0 3.8 3.6 4.1 A
Daily Maximum (°C) -19.8 -15.3 -6.4 5.8 15.0 21.8 23.7 20.9 13.7 1.8 -11.5 -17.5 2.7 A
Daily Minimum (°C) -28.5 -25.9 -19.7 -6.7 2.2 8.8 11.2 8.5 2.6 -5.9 -19.4 -25.9 -8.2 A
Extreme Maximum (°C) 13.2 14.4 16.1 25.5 32.8 33.9 36.6 35.4 30.0 24.9 12.2 14.5
Date (yyyy/dd) 1985/ 03 1968/ 28 1994/ 30 1977/ 24 1995/ 27 1969/ 15 1994/ 25 1984/ 02 1967/ 15 2003/ 04 1969/ 01 1999/ 23
Extreme Minimum (°C) -50.0 -53.3 -42.2 -38.3 -17.5 -2.2 -1.1 -3.7 -20.6 -27.7 -41.7 -50.6
Date (yyyy/dd) 1972/ 12 1968/ 03 1974/ 07 1979/ 04 2002/ 06 1965/ 07 1967/ 24 1982/ 26 1983/ 28 1984/ 31 1966/ 27 1975/ 12
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Rainfall (mm) 0.2 0.0 0.1 2.5 21.0 51.2 61.1 60.9 28.5 12.9 0.1 0.0 238.6 A
Snowfall (cm) 27.4 24.2 19.0 17.4 7.6 0.1 0.0 0.5 4.2 29.0 33.4 24.3 187.0 A
Precipitation (mm) 18.9 17.6 15.4 17.0 29.4 51.3 61.1 61.4 32.2 39.4 24.8 19.1 387.6 A
Average Snow Depth (cm) 43 50 50 27 1 0 0 0 0 4 22 36 19 A
Median Snow Depth (cm) 43 50 50 27 0 0 0 0 0 2 22 36 19 A
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 46 52 46 5 0 0 0 0 1 14 28 39 19 A
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 2.4 0.8 2.6 10.7 30.8 85.8 57.2 52.4 42.4 45.9 4.3 0.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 1981/ 21 1985/ 27 1993/ 23 1980/ 29 2001/ 28 1988/ 30 2000/ 14 2003/ 02 2009/ 07 1981/ 01 1969/ 03 1963/ 29
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 13.5 27.0 19.3 33.8 29.5 1.8 0.0 15.2 14.6 22.8 30.4 16.2
Date (yyyy/dd) 1976/ 21 2006/ 13 1986/ 21 1981/ 25 1970/ 03 2006/ 05 1964/ 01 1984/ 28 1983/ 26 1981/ 28 2006/ 19 2004/ 17
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 12.7 14.2 18.8 38.4 30.8 85.8 57.2 52.4 42.4 45.9 27.0 13.3
Date (yyyy/dd) 1973/ 01 2006/ 13 1986/ 21 1981/ 25 2001/ 28 1988/ 30 2000/ 14 2003/ 02 2009/ 07 1981/ 01 1981/ 12 1981/ 06
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 85 86 102 91 61 1 0 2 16 38 69 78
Date (yyyy/dd) 2004/ 19 1976/ 24 1976/ 19 1975/ 01 1972/ 01 1990/ 16 1964/ 01 1984/ 29 1992/ 29 1981/ 31 2006/ 21 2001/ 19
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Maximum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
<= 0 °C 30.1 27.5 23.6 6.4 0.37 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.19 11.7 28.8 30.5 159.3 C
> 0 °C 0.86 0.79 7.4 23.6 30.6 30.0 31.0 31.0 29.8 19.3 1.2 0.46 206.0 C
> 10 °C 0.14 0.0 0.96 9.3 25.0 29.6 31.0 30.2 21.9 3.3 0.04 0.08 151.4 C
> 20 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.39 6.6 19.4 24.3 17.8 5.0 0.35 0.0 0.0 73.8 C
> 30 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.11 1.0 1.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 C
> 35 °C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.11 0.04 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.15 C
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Minimum Temperature
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
> 0 °C 0.03 0.0 0.12 3.6 21.2 29.9 31.0 30.0 21.5 3.7 0.0 0.0 141.0 C
<= 2 °C 31.0 28.2 31.0 28.7 15.3 1.1 0.43 2.5 13.4 29.9 30.0 31.0 242.4 C
<= 0 °C 31.0 28.2 30.9 26.4 9.8 0.15 0.0 1.0 8.5 27.3 30.0 31.0 224.3 C
< -2 °C 30.9 28.2 30.5 21.8 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.25 3.9 21.6 29.9 31.0 202.2 C
< -10 °C 30.5 27.8 26.4 7.6 0.26 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.15 7.4 26.7 30.5 157.3 C
< -20 °C 25.7 21.7 14.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.85 13.5 23.4 101.1 C
< - 30 °C 13.2 8.4 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 9.0 37.5 C
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Rainfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 0.17 0.07 0.19 0.97 7.1 11.3 12.1 11.0 9.8 4.2 0.18 0.0 57.1 A
>= 5 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.14 1.1 2.7 3.5 3.2 1.3 0.81 0.0 0.0 12.8 A
>= 10 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.61 1.3 1.8 2.0 0.56 0.26 0.0 0.0 6.5 A
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.04 0.30 0.43 0.55 0.11 0.04 0.0 0.0 1.5 A
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days With Snowfall
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 cm 11.6 11.7 9.8 5.0 2.3 0.04 0.0 0.10 1.4 9.2 12.7 11.3 75.1 A
>= 5 cm 1.6 1.2 0.92 1.2 0.54 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.30 2.0 2.0 1.3 11.1 A
>= 10 cm 0.34 0.21 0.12 0.31 0.21 0.0 0.0 0.03 0.07 0.59 0.57 0.20 2.7 A
>= 25 cm 0.0 0.03 0.0 0.10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.0 0.20 A
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Precipitation
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 0.2 mm 10.9 10.6 9.4 5.6 8.8 11.3 12.1 11.0 10.6 11.8 12.0 10.7 124.7 A
>= 5 mm 0.69 0.62 0.62 0.86 1.7 2.7 3.5 3.2 1.7 2.7 1.3 0.92 20.5 A
>= 10 mm 0.07 0.10 0.08 0.21 0.82 1.3 1.8 2.0 0.63 0.89 0.29 0.16 8.3 A
>= 25 mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.10 0.04 0.30 0.43 0.55 0.11 0.07 0.04 0.0 1.6 A
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Days with Snow Depth
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
>= 1 cm 31.0 28.2 31.0 25.4 3.1 0.03 0.0 0.03 0.68 14.3 29.6 31.0 194.3 A
>= 5 cm 31.0 28.2 31.0 23.6 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.50 9.9 27.9 30.6 184.5 A
>= 10 cm 30.9 28.2 31.0 21.0 0.86 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.21 5.7 25.2 30.5 173.6 A
>= 20 cm 29.8 27.8 30.6 15.8 0.41 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 16.2 27.5 150.1 A
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Speed (km/h) 7.2 8.4 9.8 10.1 10.1 9.1 8.2 8.5 8.5 8.7 7.9 6.8 8.6 A
Most Frequent Direction NW NW NW SE SE SE NW NW SE NW NW NW SE A
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 46 59 50 56 59 46 48 66 65 50 46 48
Date (yyyy/dd) 2003/ 07 1988/ 21 1995/ 22 1986/ 20 1983/ 21 2002/ 22 1964/ 10 1974/ 04 1985/ 12 1971/ 25 1985/ 20 1999/ 24
Direction of Maximum Hourly Speed NW NW N SW N NW S SW NW N N NW
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 80 89 79 83 91 72 89 146 87 77 78 80
Date (yyyy/dd) 1985/ 03 1988/ 21 1967/ 13 1984/ 16 1983/ 21 1964/ 26 1970/ 19 2004/ 17 1964/ 04 1971/ 25 1985/ 20 1999/ 23
Direction of Maximum Gust SW NW N SW N N S N N N N SW
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 A
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 A
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Degree Days
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Above 24 °C 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.6 0.3 0 0 0 0 1.1 C
Above 18 °C 0 0 0 0 1.6 13.5 32.6 15.8 0.1 0 0 0 63.7 C
Above 15 °C 0 0 0 0 7.7 47.1 89.3 48.5 3.8 0 0 0 196.4 C
Above 10 °C 0 0 0 1.2 42.3 161.1 229.2 155 34 1.3 0 0 624.1 C
Above 5 °C 0.1 0 0.4 16.5 136.9 307.3 383.9 300.1 118.7 8.4 0 0 1272.2 C
Above 0 °C 0.6 0.1 5 72.5 275.1 457.2 538.9 454.6 251.2 42 0.3 0.1 2097.5 C
Below 0 °C 754 582.3 404 84.5 4.3 0 0 0 2.5 102.9 468.1 667.2 3069.8 C
Below 5 °C 908.5 723.4 554.4 178.6 21 0.1 0 0.5 20 224.3 617.8 822.1 4070.7 C
Below 10 °C 1063.4 864.7 709 313.2 81.5 3.9 0.3 10.4 85.3 372.2 767.8 977.1 5248.9 C
Below 15 °C 1218.4 1005.9 864 462.1 201.8 39.9 15.4 59 205.1 525.9 917.8 1132.1 6647.4 C
Below 18 °C 1311.4 1090.6 957 552.1 288.7 96.3 51.7 119.3 291.4 618.9 1007.8 1225.1 7610.4 C
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Bright Sunshine
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Total Hours 55.7 95.1 180.6 248.6 293.4 313.0 307.1 263.8 163.9 77.8 49.4 30.0 2078.3 C
Days with measurable 17.6 21.0 27.7 27.3 29.4 28.6 29.5 28.1 25.6 19.1 15.9 13.7 283.3 C
% of possible daylight hours 28.5 38.0 49.6 56.3 53.8 53.7 53.3 53.4 42.0 25.0 22.8 17.7 41.2 C
Extreme Daily 7.9 9.3 12.0 16.0 18.1 18.9 18.2 16.8 13.6 10.4 7.1 5.1
Date (yyyy/dd) 1978/ 31 1975/ 27 1994/ 29 1976/ 30 1977/ 26 1979/ 26 1978/ 09 1978/ 01 2003/ 05 1973/ 01 1975/ 04 1998/ 04
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidex
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Humidex 12.0 13.9 15.0 26.4 31.8 35.8 41.3 39.7 32.2 24.0 11.3 14.0
Date (yyyy/dd) 2009/ 18 1968/ 28 1994/ 30 1977/ 24 1995/ 27 1969/ 15 1975/ 02 1984/ 04 1967/ 15 1998/ 20 2002/ 27 1999/ 23
Days with Humidex >= 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.3 4.8 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 C
Days with Humidex >= 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 C
Days with Humidex >= 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 C
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Wind Chill
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) -59 -55 -48 -44 -25 -6 -3 -5 -24 -35 -53 -60
Date (yyyy/dd) 1972/ 11 1968/ 04 1964/ 03 1979/ 04 2002/ 03 2003/ 12 1967/ 24 1987/ 31 1983/ 28 1975/ 31 1985/ 25 1971/ 14
Days with Wind Chill < -20 27.7 24.9 20.7 4.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 18.8 27.2 126.1 A
Days with Wind Chill < -30 19.9 15.7 10.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 6.7 16.1 69.1 A
Days with Wind Chill < -40 8.4 4.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 4.3 19.3 A
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Humidity
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 1 1.3 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.5 C
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 80.3 82.5 81.4 78.3 74.5 76.4 82.6 87.4 88.6 89.7 85.7 83.2 82.6 C
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 78.8 77.2 69.3 52.5 43.6 44.8 50.5 53.7 59.2 76.7 83.2 81.1 64.2 A
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Pressure
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 99.6 99.8 99.7 99.4 99.4 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.3 99.5 99.3 A
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 101.9 102 101.9 101.6 101.5 101.1 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.5 101.7 101.5 A
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Visibility (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
< 1 km 3.7 6.2 3.5 5.3 1.8 1.2 0.7 5.1 7.9 19.9 8.6 5.1 68.8 D
1 to 9 km 85 79.6 65.1 38.7 20.6 17.8 19.9 35.2 29.9 104.8 104 85.8 686.4 D
> 9 km 655.4 591.9 675.4 676 721.7 701.1 723.4 703.7 682.2 619.3 607.4 653.1 8010.5 D
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Cloud Amount (hours with)
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Code
0 to 2 tenths 230.1 210.3 252.4 222.7 165.9 147.5 132.9 158.7 155.9 135 154.5 209 2174.8 D
3 to 7 tenths 131.5 114 155 156.6 209.8 225.3 251.3 219.6 179.2 119.4 119.4 131 2012.1 D
8 to 10 tenths 382.5 353.4 336.6 340.7 368.3 347.2 359.8 365.7 384.9 489.6 446 404 4578.9 D
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Date/Days Code
Average Date of Last Spring Frost May 26 C
Average Date of First Fall Frost Sept 01 C
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 97 Days C
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data
Frost-Free
Probability of last temperature in spring of 0 °C or lower on or after indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Jun 17 Jun 08 May 31 May 27 May 24 May 21 May 15
Probability of first temperature in fall of 0 °C or lower on or before indicated dates 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Date Aug 07 Aug 17 Aug 21 Aug 26 Sep 02 Sep 08 Sep 14
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days) 10% 25% 33% 50% 66% 75% 90%
Days 58 75 80 91 98 104 115

Legend

  • A = WMO "3 and 5 rule" (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
  • B = At least 25 years
  • C = At least 20 years
  • D = At least 15 years
Station / Element Metadata

Statistics listed below are provided as a guide to determine the validity of Normals and Extremes calculations. For example, a station with 30 years of record between 1981 and 2010 with no missing years would be a more reliable normal than a station with 15 years of record and 2 missing years. Less than 100% possible observations indicates that out of the total number of observations used, some records were missing.

FORT SIMPSON A

Province/Territory
NT
61 45 N
Country
CAN
121 14 W
Time Zone
MST
61.76 N
2202101
121.24 W
71946
169.2
YFS
Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Daily Average (°C) 1981 2010 30 1 10494 99.1
Standard Deviation 1981 2010 30 1 10494 99.1
Daily Maximum (°C) 1981 2010 30 1 10494 99.1
Daily Minimum (°C) 1981 2010 30 1 10494 99.1
Extreme Maximum (°C) 1963 2010 16804 99.7
Extreme Minimum (°C) 1963 2010 16805 99.7
Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Precipitation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Rainfall (mm) 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
Snowfall (cm) 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
Precipitation (mm) 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
Average Snow Depth (cm) 1981 2010 30 1 10552 99.6
Median Snow Depth (cm) 1981 2010 30 1 10552 99.6
Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) 1981 2010 30 1 348 100
Extreme Daily Rainfall (mm) 1963 2010 16814 99.7
Extreme Daily Snowfall (cm) 1963 2010 16818 99.7
Extreme Daily Precipitation (mm) 1963 2010 16814 99.7
Extreme Snow Depth (cm) 1963 2010 16826 99.8
Days with Maximum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Maximum Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
<= 0 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
> 0 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
> 10 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
> 20 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
> 30 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
> 35 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Days with Minimum Temperature
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Minimum Temperature
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
> 0 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
<= 2 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
<= 0 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
< -2 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
< -10 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
< -20 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
< - 30 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Days with Rainfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Rainfall
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
>= 5 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
>= 10 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
>= 25 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
Days With Snowfall
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days With Snowfall
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10162 96
>= 5 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10162 96
>= 10 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10162 96
>= 25 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10162 96
Days with Precipitation
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Precipitation
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 0.2 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
>= 5 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
>= 10 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
>= 25 mm 1981 2010 29 2 10101 95.4
Days with Snow Depth
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Days with Snow Depth
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
>= 1 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10285 97.1
>= 5 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10285 97.1
>= 10 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10285 97.1
>= 20 cm 1981 2010 29 2 10285 97.1
Wind
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Speed (km/h) 1981 2010 30 0 262604 99.9
Most Frequent Direction 1981 2010 30 0 262604 99.9
Maximum Hourly Speed (km/h) 1963 2010 412806 99.8
Maximum Gust Speed (km/h) 1963 2009 16516 99.6
Days with Winds >= 52 km/h 1981 2010 29 2 10134 95.7
Days with Winds >= 63 km/h 1981 2010 29 2 10134 95.7
Degree Days
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Degree Days
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Above 24 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Above 18 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Above 15 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Above 10 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Above 5 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Above 0 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Below 0 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Below 5 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Below 10 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Below 15 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Below 18 °C 1981 2010 29 2 9856 93.1
Bright Sunshine
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Bright Sunshine
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Total Hours 1981 2004 23 1 191376 92.6
Days with measurable 1981 2004 23 1 191376 92.6
% of possible daylight hours 1981 2004 23 1 191376 92.6
Extreme Daily 1971 2004 283889 98.6
Humidex
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidex
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Humidex 1963 2010 405700 98.1
Days with Humidex >= 30 1981 2010 30 2 252432 96
Days with Humidex >= 35 1981 2010 30 2 252432 96
Days with Humidex >= 40 1981 2010 30 2 252432 96
Wind Chill
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Wind Chill
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Extreme Wind Chill (°C) 1963 2010 412796 99.8
Days with Wind Chill < -20 1981 2010 30 0 262601 99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -30 1981 2010 30 0 262601 99.9
Days with Wind Chill < -40 1981 2010 30 0 262601 99.9
Humidity
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Humidity
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Vapour Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 2 252432 96
Average Relative Humidity - 0600LST (%) 1981 2010 30 2 10305 94
Average Relative Humidity - 1500LST (%) 1981 2010 30 1 10872 99.2
Pressure
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Pressure
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Station Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 0 262617 99.9
Average Sea Level Pressure (kPa) 1981 2010 30 0 262584 99.9
Visibility (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Visibility (hours with)
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
< 1 km 1981 2010 27 7 195624 74.5
1 to 9 km 1981 2010 27 7 195624 74.5
> 9 km 1981 2010 27 7 195624 74.5
Cloud Amount (hours with)
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Cloud Amount (hours with)
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
0 to 2 tenths 1981 2010 27 7 196368 74.7
3 to 7 tenths 1981 2010 27 7 196368 74.7
8 to 10 tenths 1981 2010 27 7 196368 74.7
Frost-Free
1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals Element Metadata
Frost-Free
Begin Year End Year Total Number of Years Missing Years Total Count of Observations % of Possible Observations
Average Date of Last Spring Frost 1981 2006 20 5 20 76.9
Average Date of First Fall Frost 1981 2006 20 5 20 76.9
Average Length of Frost-Free Period 1981 2006 20 5 20 76.9
Probability of last temperature in spring <= 0°C, on or after (Date)
10 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
25 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
33 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
50 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
66 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
75 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
90 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
Probability of first temperature in fall <= 0°C, on or before (Date)
10 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
25 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
33 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
50 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
66 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
75 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
90 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
Probability of frost-free period equal to or less than indicated period (Days)
10 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
25 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
33 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
50 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
66 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
75 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7
90 % 1964 2006 42 6 36 83.7

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